Which Three Surahs Do Not Mention Their Own Names?
كل سور القرآن ورد اسمها في آياتها إلا ثلاث سور، فما هي؟
Surah Al-Ikhlas 112 and Surah Al-Anbiya' 21
Note: The question asks for three surahs; the third is Surah Al-Fatihah (1). The word fatihah does not occur in it, just as ikhlas does not occur in Al-Ikhlas and anbiya does not occur in Al-Anbiya.
سورة الإخلاص 112 وسورة الأنبياء 21
ملاحظة: السؤال عن ثلاث سور، والثالثة هي سورة الفاتحة (1)، إذ لم يرد لفظ "الفاتحة" في آياتها، كما لم يرد لفظ "الإخلاص" في سورة الإخلاص ولا لفظ "الأنبياء" في سورة الأنبياء.
1. Al-Ikhlas | سورة الإخلاص
Surah Al-Ikhlas describes Allah, yet the word ikhlas does not occur in it: say, He is Allah, One (112:1). Ibn Kathir reports from Ubayy ibn Ka'b that the polytheists asked the Prophet to describe the lineage of his Lord, and Allah revealed it; al-Tirmidhi judged the version without Ubayy more correct. A man heard another repeating it, and the Prophet said: by Him in whose Hand my soul is, it equals one third of the Quran (Sahih al-Bukhari 5013).
قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ (سورة الإخلاص: 1)
تصف سورة الإخلاص الله تعالى، ولم يرد فيها لفظ "الإخلاص": (قل هو الله أحد) (الإخلاص 112: 1). ونقل ابن كثير عن أبي بن كعب أن المشركين قالوا للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: انسب لنا ربك، فأنزل الله السورة، وذكر أن الترمذي رأى الرواية المرسلة دون ذكر أبي أصح. وسمع رجل رجلا يرددها، فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: "والذي نفسي بيده إنها لتعدل ثلث القرآن" (صحيح البخاري 5013).
2. Al-Anbiya' | سورة الأنبياء
Surah Al-Anbiya' recounts many prophets but never uses the word anbiya. It opens: mankind's reckoning has drawn near, while they turn away in heedlessness (21:1); Ibn Kathir calls this Allah's warning that the Hour is near while people do not prepare for it. Abdullah ibn Mas'ud said of Bani Isra'il, Al-Kahf, Maryam, Ta-Ha and Al-Anbiya': they are among the earliest, and among my oldest (Sahih al-Bukhari 4994). Bani Isra'il is the other name of Surah Al-Isra, as explained in the other name of Surah Al-Isra. The prophets named in the Quran are listed in who the prophets mentioned in the Quran are.
اقْتَرَبَ لِلنَّاسِ حِسَابُهُمْ وَهُمْ فِي غَفْلَةٍ مُّعْرِضُونَ (سورة الأنبياء: 1)
تقص سورة الأنبياء أخبار كثير من الأنبياء ولم يرد فيها لفظ "الأنبياء"، وتفتتح بقوله تعالى: (اقترب للناس حسابهم وهم في غفلة معرضون) (الأنبياء 21: 1)، قال ابن كثير: هذا تنبيه من الله على اقتراب الساعة ودنوها، وأن الناس في غفلة عنها. وقال عبد الله بن مسعود في بني إسرائيل والكهف ومريم وطه والأنبياء: "إنهن من العتاق الأول، وهن من تلادي" (صحيح البخاري 4994).
3. Al-Fatihah: The Third Surah | الفاتحة: السورة الثالثة
Ibn Kathir explains that the surah is called Al-Fatihah because the Book opens with it in writing and the recitation in prayer opens with it; it is also called Umm al-Kitab, al-Hamd and al-Salah. The Prophet told Abu Sa'id ibn al-Mu'alla: Al-Hamdu lillahi Rabbil-'alamin is the seven oft-repeated verses and the great Quran that I have been given, and called it the greatest surah in the Quran (Sahih al-Bukhari 4474). The surahs that open with praise are listed in which surahs begin with Al-Hamdulillah.
بين ابن كثير أن السورة سميت الفاتحة لأنه يفتتح بها الكتاب خطا، وبها تفتح القراءة في الصلاة، ويقال لها أيضا: أم الكتاب، والحمد، والصلاة. وقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لأبي سعيد بن المعلى: "الحمد لله رب العالمين، هي السبع المثاني والقرآن العظيم الذي أوتيته"، وسماها أعظم سورة في القرآن (صحيح البخاري 4474).
Scholarly Insight: Ibn Kathir lists the names of Al-Fatihah: al-Fatihah, because the Book and the recitation in prayer open with it; Umm al-Kitab; al-Sab' al-Mathani; al-Hamd; al-Salah; al-Shifa' and al-Ruqyah. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Fatihah, the tafsir of Surah Al-Anbiya and the tafsir of Surah Al-Ikhlas.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Which three surahs do not contain their own title?
Al-Fatihah (1), Al-Anbiya (21) and Al-Ikhlas (112).
Does the word fatihah occur in Surah Al-Fatihah?
No. Neither does ikhlas occur in Al-Ikhlas, nor anbiya in Al-Anbiya.
Why is Al-Fatihah called the Opening?
Ibn Kathir says the Book opens with it in writing and the recitation in prayer opens with it.
What is Surah Al-Ikhlas equal to?
One third of the Quran, as the Prophet said (Sahih al-Bukhari 5013).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →