How Did Allah Command the Virgin Mary to Pray?
كيف أمر الله تعالى مريم عليها السلام أن تصلي؟
Allah Almighty commanded Virgin Mary to offer prayers by bowing (rukku) and prostrating (sajood).
(And ˹remember˺ when the angels said, “O Mary! Surely Allah has selected you, purified you, and chosen you over all women of the world. O Mary! Be devout to your Lord, prostrate yourself ˹in prayer˺ and bow along with those who bow down.”) Al-Imran 3:42-43
أمر الله تعالى مريم أن تسجد وتركع.
(وَإِذْ قَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ يَا مَرْيَمُ إِنَّ اللَّـهَ اصْطَفَاكِ وَطَهَّرَكِ وَاصْطَفَاكِ عَلَىٰ نِسَاءِ الْعَالَمِينَ ﴿٤٢﴾ يَا مَرْيَمُ اقْنُتِي لِرَبِّكِ وَاسْجُدِي وَارْكَعِي مَعَ الرَّاكِعِينَ ﴿٤٣﴾)
آل عمران 3: 42-43 (ملاحظة: كانت الإحالة في الجواب الأصلي إلى الآية 43 وحدها، والمقتبس الآيتان 42 و43، فصُحّحت.)
1. The Divine Call to Devout Obedience (Al-Qunut) | الأمر الإلهي بالقنوت الخالص لله
The Quran records that the angels addressed Maryam with explicit commands to devote her life and worship exclusively to Allah. The command began with al-qunut, signifying enduring humility, obedience, and prolonged standing in reverence before the Creator.
يَا مَرْيَمُ اقْنُتِي لِرَبِّكِ (سورة آل عمران: 43)
بيّن القرآن الكريم أن الملائكة خاطبت مريم عليها السلام بأمر مباشر بالانقطاع التام لعبادة الله عز وجل. وبدأ التكليف بالأمر بالقنوت، وهو دوام الطاعة والخشوع وطول القيام في الصلاة إجلالاً لله تعالى وتعظيماً لجلاله.
2. Prostration as the Ultimate Physical Humility | السجود ذروة الخضوع والتذلل بين يدي الخالق
Following the call to qunut, Maryam was commanded to prostrate (sujud). Prostration is the utmost act of humility before the Lord, placing the noblest part of the body upon the earth; the Prophet ﷺ said, "The nearest a servant comes to his Lord is when he is prostrating" (Sahih Muslim 482).
وَاسْجُدِي (سورة آل عمران: 43)
أعقب الأمر بالقنوت أمر مريم بالسجود، والسجود غاية التذلل والخضوع للرب جل وعلا، إذ يضع العبد أشرف ما فيه على الأرض، وقد قال النبي ﷺ: "أقرب ما يكون العبد من ربه وهو ساجد" (صحيح مسلم 482).
3. Bowing with the Righteous Worshippers | الركوع مع الراكعين ومشاركة الصالحين في العبادة
The verse directs Maryam to "bow with those who bow down," emphasizing both the physical pillar of ruku and the spiritual beauty of communal devotion. Commentators note that this instructed her to participate in prayer with the congregation of devout worshippers at the temple.
وَارْكَعِي مَعَ الرَّاكِعِينَ (سورة آل عمران: 43)
وجهت الآية مريم الكريمة إلى الركوع مع الراكعين، مما يجمع بين ركن الركوع المادي وفضيلة التعبد مع جماعة الصالحين. وقد نص المفسرون على أن هذا كان حثاً لها على مشاركة العباد الأخيار في المسجد صلاتهم وطاعتهم.
4. Chosen and Purified Above the Women of the Worlds | الاصطفاء الإلهي والتطهير لخدمة بيت الله
This rigorous command to worship was preceded by the declaration of her unmatched election: Allah chose her, purified her from physical and spiritual blemishes, and elevated her above all the women of the worlds, preparing her for the miraculous virgin birth of Prophet Isa (peace be upon him).
إِنَّ اللَّـهَ اصْطَفَاكِ وَطَهَّرَكِ وَاصْطَفَاكِ عَلَىٰ نِسَاءِ الْعَالَمِينَ (سورة آل عمران: 42)
جاءت هذه الأوامر التعبدية الصارمة بعد إعلان الاصطفاء الرباني الفريد لمريم، حيث طهرها الله تعالى من الأدناس والشكوك واصطفاها على نساء العالمين، تأهيلاً لها لحمل معجزة ولادة كلمة الله وروحه عيسى عليه السلام.
5. The Enduring Legacy of Devotion in the House of Imran | ميراث الصلاة والنسك في آل عمران
Maryam's dedication to prayer was preserved throughout the mission of her son, Prophet Isa, who announced from the cradle that Allah had enjoined upon him prayer and zakah as long as he lived. This illustrates that regular prescribed prayer is the unbroken thread uniting the righteous across generations.
وَأَوْصَانِي بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ مَا دُمْتُ حَيًّا (سورة مريم: 31)
استمر ميراث الصلاة والتعبد في هذا البيت المبارك حتى أعلن عيسى عليه السلام في أول كلامه في المهد أن الله أوصاه بالصلاة والزكاة ما دام حياً، مما يبرهن على أن الصلاة الخاشعة هي الرابط التعبدي الوثيق الذي يجمع الأنبياء والصديقين.
Scholarly Insight: Al-Qurtubi explains why prostration is named before bowing in the command to Mary (3:43): “Prostration is placed before bowing here because the conjunction 'and' does not require a sequence.” He illustrates: “If you say, 'Zayd and Amr stood up,' Amr may have stood up before Zayd. On this basis, the meaning is: bow and prostrate. It was also said that their law prescribed prostration before bowing.” See Mary’s election above the women of the world. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Ali 'Imran.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
How did Allah command Virgin Mary to pray in the Quran?
In Surah Ali 'Imran (3:43), the angels commanded Maryam to be devoutly obedient (qunut), to prostrate (sujud), and to bow (ruku) alongside those who bow.
What does "qunut" mean in the context of Maryam's prayer?
Scholars of tafsir explain that qunut means prolonged humble standing in prayer, consistent obedience, and absolute devotion to Allah.
Did the command to pray include congregational prayer?
Yes, the phrasing "and bow along with those who bow down" indicates joining the company of righteous worshippers in collective prayer and devotion.
Why was Maryam chosen and commanded with such intensive worship?
Allah purified and elevated Maryam above the women of the worlds as a preparation for bearing the miraculous child, Prophet Isa (peace be upon him).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →