What Is Humility in Prayer?
امتدح الله في كتابه الخاشعين في صلاتهم، كما في قوله تعالى: "قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ. الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ". فما هو الخشوع في الصلاة؟
Humility towards Allah is the feeling of fearing Him which leads to Exalting Him and Glorifying Him. Humility requires piety towards Allah the Almighty.
Humility exists in one’s heart, and it is not restricted to prayers. It means that someone can be in a state of humility even when not in prayers.
Humility in prayers is of two types:
The first type: While in prayers, the limbs remain still and do not move when there is no need. Moving a lot in prayers decreases one’s humility and it may lead to the nullifying of one’s prayers.
The second type: the presence of the heart while the limbs are still, so that a person reflects on what he says in prayer and what he asks of his Lord, the Mighty and Sublime, and this is one of the greatest purposes of prayers.
(Successful indeed are the believers: those who humble themselves in prayer;) [Al-Mu’minun 23:1-2]
Salat (Prayer) is one of the greatest practical pillars of religion, but humility in it is a legitimate requirement, and Satan, may Allah curse him, threatens to whisper to people, so that they do not pay attention in prayer. Allah the Almighty narrates what he said in the following Ayah:
(I will approach them from their front, their back, their right, their left, and then You will find most of them ungrateful) [Al-A’raf 7:17]
(So woe to those ˹hypocrites˺ who pray, yet are unmindful of their prayers; those who ˹only˺ show off, and refuse to give ˹even the simplest˺ aid.) [Al-Ma’un 107:4-7]
It is as if Satan's first concern is to ruin the believer's prayers by means of evil whispering, and by removing humility from it. With humility in prayer, as in a state of reflection, the more a person concentrates and puts away everything that occupies him with this world, the purer the soul becomes. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, supplicated, saying:
(O Allah, I seek refuge with You from knowledge that is of no benefit, from a supplication that is not heard, from a heart that is not humble, and from a soul that is not satisfied.) [At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa’i, on the authority of Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As]
أولاً: الخشوع لله هو الخوف منه المؤدي إلى تعظيمه وإجلاله، والخشوع يقتضي التقوى لله -عز وجل-.
ثانيًا: الخشوع محله القلب، وهو ليس من خصوص أفعال الصلاة، أي: إن الخاشع قد يكون في الصلاة وقد يكون خاشعا في غير الصلاة.
الخشوع في الصلاة على نوعين:
النوع الأول: سكون الجوارح وعدم حركتها فيما لا حاجة فيه في الصلاة، وينافي هذا الخشوع كثرة الحركة في الصلاة، وقد تؤدي كثرة الحركة إلى بطلان الصلاة.
النوع الثاني: حضور القلب مع سكون الجوارح، بحيث يتفكر الإنسان فيما يقول في الصلاة وما يدعو به ربه -عز وجل-، وهذا من أعظم مقاصد الصلاة.
(قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ ﴿١﴾ الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ ﴿٢﴾) [المؤمنون 23: 1-2]
الصلاة من أعظم أركان الدين العملية، لكن الخشوع فيها من المطالب الشرعية، والشيطان -لعنه الله- توعد أن يوسوس للناس حتى لا ينتبهوا في الصلاة. ذكر الله عنه:
(ثُمَّ لَآتِيَنَّهُم مِّن بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ وَعَنْ أَيْمَانِهِمْ وَعَن شَمَائِلِهِمْ ۖ وَلَا تَجِدُ أَكْثَرَهُمْ شَاكِرِينَ) [الأعراف 7: 17]
(فَوَيْلٌ لِّلْمُصَلِّينَ ﴿٤﴾ الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَن صَلَاتِهِمْ سَاهُونَ ﴿٥﴾ الَّذِينَ هُمْ يُرَاءُونَ ﴿٦﴾ وَيَمْنَعُونَ الْمَاعُونَ ﴿٧﴾) [الماعون 107: 4-7]
وكأن الشيطان همه الأول إفساد صلاة المؤمن عن طريق الوسوسة، وعن طريق إلغاء الخشوع فيها. والخشوع في الصلاة كما أن الإنسان في حال التدبر، كلما زاد التركيز وطرد كل شيء يشغل الإنسان بالدنيا، زاد صفاء النفس. وقد دعا النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال:
(اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عِلْمٍ لاَ يَنْفَعُ وَمِنْ دُعَاءٍ لاَ يُسْمَعُ وَمِنْ قَلْبٍ لاَ يَخْشَعُ وَمِنْ نَفْسٍ لاَ تَشْبَعُ)
[أخرجه الترمذي والنسائي عن عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص]
1. Those Who Humble Themselves in Prayer | الذين هم في صلاتهم خاشعون
Successful indeed are the believers: those who humble themselves in prayer (23:1-2). Ibn Kathir reports from Ibn Abbas that “humble” here means fearing and still; from Ali ibn Abi Talib: humility is the humility of the heart; and from al-Hasan al-Basri: their humility was in their hearts, so they lowered their gaze and were gentle. Both kinds the scholar names are in these words: stillness, and the heart.
الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ (سورة المؤمنون: 2)
قال تعالى: (قد أفلح المؤمنون الذين هم في صلاتهم خاشعون) (المؤمنون 23: 1-2)، قال ابن كثير: قال علي بن أبي طلحة، عن ابن عباس: (خاشعون): خائفون ساكنون ... وعن علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه: الخشوع: خشوع القلب ... وقال الحسن البصري: كان خشوعهم في قلوبهم، فغضوا بذلك أبصارهم، وخفضوا الجناح. وفي هذه الأقوال النوعان اللذان ذكرهما الجواب: سكون الجوارح وحضور القلب.
2. Stillness of the Limbs | خفضوا أبصارهم إلى موضع سجودهم
Ibn Kathir cites Muhammad ibn Sirin: the Companions used to raise their eyes to the sky in prayer, and when this verse was revealed they lowered their eyes to the place of their prostration; and they used to say: his gaze should not go beyond his place of prayer. This is the scholar’s first kind, the limbs kept still; much needless movement, he says, may even invalidate the prayer, as explained in the nullifiers of prayer.
قال ابن كثير: وقال محمد بن سيرين: كان أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يرفعون أبصارهم إلى السماء في الصلاة، فلما نزلت هذه الآية: (قد أفلح المؤمنون الذين هم في صلاتهم خاشعون) خفضوا أبصارهم إلى موضع سجودهم، قال ابن سيرين: وكانوا يقولون: لا يجاوز بصره مصلاه. وهذا النوع الأول في الجواب: سكون الجوارح، وقد ذكر الجواب أن كثرة الحركة في الصلاة قد تؤدي إلى بطلانها.
3. Only a Tenth of His Prayer | وما كتب له إلا عشر صلاته
The second kind is presence of the heart, which the scholar calls one of the greatest purposes of prayer. The Prophet said that only part of a prayer may be recorded for the one who prays: A man finishes his prayer and nothing is recorded for him but a tenth of his prayer, a ninth, an eighth, a seventh, a sixth, a fifth, a quarter, a third, a half (Sunan Abi Dawud 796, graded hasan by al-Albani).
وحضور القلب هو النوع الثاني، وقد عدّه الجواب من أعظم مقاصد الصلاة. وأخبر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أن المصلي قد لا يكتب له إلا بعض صلاته، فقال: "إن الرجل لينصرف وما كتب له إلا عشر صلاته تسعها ثمنها سبعها سدسها خمسها ربعها ثلثها نصفها" (سنن أبي داود 796، وحسنه الألباني).
4. Satan’s Threat From Every Side | ثم لآتينهم من بين أيديهم ومن خلفهم
I will approach them from their front, their back, their right, their left, and then You will find most of them ungrateful (7:17). Ibn Kathir reports from Ibn Abbas: from their front, I will make them doubt their Hereafter; from behind them, I will make them desire their world; from their right, I will confuse them in their religion; from their left, I will make sins attractive to them. The scholar says it is as if Satan’s first concern is to ruin the believer’s prayer by whispering and by removing humility from it; the remedies are explained in what helps us pray with humility.
ثُمَّ لَآتِيَنَّهُم مِّن بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ وَعَنْ أَيْمَانِهِمْ وَعَن شَمَائِلِهِمْ ۖ وَلَا تَجِدُ أَكْثَرَهُمْ شَاكِرِينَ (سورة الأعراف: 17)
قال تعالى حكاية عن إبليس: (ثم لآتينهم من بين أيديهم ومن خلفهم وعن أيمانهم وعن شمائلهم ولا تجد أكثرهم شاكرين) (الأعراف 7: 17)، قال ابن كثير: قال علي بن أبي طلحة، عن ابن عباس: (ثم لآتينهم من بين أيديهم) أشككهم في آخرتهم، (ومن خلفهم) أرغبهم في دنياهم، (وعن أيمانهم) أشبه عليهم أمر دينهم، (وعن شمائلهم) أشهي لهم المعاصي. وجاء في الجواب أن الشيطان كأن همه الأول إفساد صلاة المؤمن بالوسوسة وإلغاء الخشوع فيها.
Scholarly Insight: Humility is asked of Allah as well as worked for: the supplication the scholar quotes is also in Sahih Muslim, from Zayd ibn Arqam: O Allah, I seek refuge with You from knowledge that does not benefit, from a heart that is not humble, from a soul that is not satisfied, and from a supplication that is not answered (Sahih Muslim 2722). Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Mu’minun.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What is humility in prayer?
It is a fear of Allah that leads to honouring and exalting Him; in prayer it is stillness of the limbs together with presence of the heart.
Is humility only found in prayer?
No. Its place is the heart, so a person may be humble in prayer and outside it.
What are the two kinds of humility in prayer?
Stillness of the limbs, without needless movement, and presence of the heart, reflecting on what one says and asks of one’s Lord.
Can a prayer be recorded only in part?
Yes. A man may finish his prayer with only a tenth, a ninth or up to a half of it recorded for him (Sunan Abi Dawud 796, graded hasan by al-Albani).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →