Why Did the Disciples Ask Jesus (PBUH) for a Table of Food From Heaven?
لماذا طلب الحواريون من عيسى عليه السلام مائدة من الطعام ينزلها الله تعالى من السماء؟
They wanted a proof that Jesus was indeed a Messenger from Allah. So when Jesus asked Allah to send it down, Allah Almighty said: I will send down a table with food to feast on, but if after that there is still anyone who disbelieves, I will punish him.
(˹Remember˺ when the disciples asked, “O Jesus, son of Mary! Would your Lord be willing to send down to us a table spread with food from heaven?” Jesus answered, “Fear Allah if you are ˹truly˺ believers.” They said, “We ˹only˺ wish to eat from it to reassure our hearts, to verify you are indeed truthful to us, and to become its witnesses.” Jesus, son of Mary, prayed, “O Allah, our Lord! Send us from heaven a table spread with food as a feast for us - the first and last of us - and as a sign from You. Provide for us! You are indeed the Best Provider.” Allah answered, “I am sending it down to you. But whoever among you denies afterwards will be subjected to a torment I have never inflicted on anyone of My creation.”) Al-Ma’idah 5:112-115
أرادوا برهانا من الله تعالى على أن عيسى عليه السلام رسول من الله. فلما طلبها عيسى من الله قال الله تعالى: إنه سينزلها لهم مع طعام لتكون وليمة. ولكن من كفر بعد أن يرى المائدة تنزل من السماء سينال عقابا
(إِذْ قَالَ ٱلْحَوَارِيُّونَ يٰعِيسَى ٱبْنَ مَرْيَمَ هَلْ يَسْتَطِيعُ رَبُّكَ أَن يُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْنَا مَآئِدَةً مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ قَالَ ٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ إِن كُنْتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ ﴿١١٢﴾ قَالُوا نُرِيدُ أَن نَّأْكُلَ مِنْهَا وَتَطْمَئِنَّ قُلُوبُنَا وَنَعْلَمَ أَن قَدْ صَدَقْتَنَا وَنَكُونَ عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الشَّاهِدِينَ ﴿١١٣﴾ قَالَ عِيسَى ٱبْنُ مَرْيَمَ ٱللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَآ أَنزِلْ عَلَيْنَا مَآئِدَةً مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ تَكُونُ لَنَا عِيداً لأَوَّلِنَا وَآخِرِنَا وَآيَةً مِّنْكَ وَٱرْزُقْنَا وَأَنتَ خَيْرُ ٱلرَّازِقِينَ ﴿١١٤﴾ قَالَ اللَّـهُ إِنِّي مُنَزِّلُهَا عَلَيْكُمْ ۖ فَمَن يَكْفُرْ بَعْدُ مِنكُمْ فَإِنِّي أُعَذِّبُهُ عَذَابًا لَّا أُعَذِّبُهُ أَحَدًا مِّنَ الْعَالَمِينَ ﴿١١٥﴾) المائدة 5: 112-115
1. The Disciples' Request for a Heavenly Table | طلب المائدة من السماء وأدب الخطاب
The disciples asked Jesus (peace be upon him): "Would your Lord be willing to send down to us a table spread with food from heaven?" (5:112). He answered, "Fear Allah if you are ˹truly˺ believers," which Ibn Kathir explains as: fear Allah and do not ask for this, lest it become a trial for you, and rely on Allah for your provision.
إِذْ قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ يَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ هَلْ يَسْتَطِيعُ رَبُّكَ أَن يُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْنَا مَائِدَةً مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ قَالَ اتَّقُوا اللَّـهَ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ (سورة المائدة: 112)
سأل الحواريون نبيهم عيسى سؤال استعطاف ورجاء: هل يستجيب لك ربك إن سألته أن ينزل علينا مائدة طعام من السماء؟ فقال لهم: (اتَّقُوا اللَّـهَ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ)، قال ابن كثير: "اتقوا الله، ولا تسألوا هذا، فعساه أن يكون فتنة لكم، وتوكلوا على الله في طلب الرزق إن كنتم مؤمنين".
2. The Sincere Motivations Behind the Request | الدوافع الإيمانية الأربعة لطلب المائدة
The disciples explained their sincere motivations: they wished to eat from blessed divine provision, attain absolute reassurance in their hearts (tatma'inna qulubuna), know that Jesus had told them the truth, and be its witnesses (5:113).
قَالُوا نُرِيدُ أَن نَّأْكُلَ مِنْهَا وَتَطْمَئِنَّ قُلُوبُنَا وَنَعْلَمَ أَن قَدْ صَدَقْتَنَا وَنَكُونَ عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الشَّاهِدِينَ (سورة المائدة: 113)
أفصح الحواريون عن مقصدهم النبيل بأربعة أمور: الأكل من بركة الرزق الإلهي، وسكون قلوبهم وزيادة يقينهم، والعلم الجازم بصدق نبوته، وأن يكونوا عليها من الشاهدين.
3. Reassurance of the Heart Across Sacred History | طمأنينة القلب وسنة الأنبياء في طلب اليقين
Al-Qurtubi explains (5:112) that, on one view, the disciples did not doubt Allah's power: they knew it by reasoning and report and wanted to see it with their own eyes, just as Prophet Ibrahim asked Allah to show him how He gives life to the dead: "Yes, but only that my heart may be satisfied" (Al-Baqarah 2:260).
وَتَطْمَئِنَّ قُلُوبُنَا (سورة المائدة: 113)
ذكر القرطبي في أحد الأقوال أن القوم لم يشكوا في استطاعة الباري سبحانه، "وقد كانوا عالمين باستطاعة الله تعالى لذلك ولغيره علم دلالة وخبر ونظر فأرادوا علم معاينة"، كما قال إبراهيم عليه السلام: (رَبِّ أَرِنِي كَيْفَ تُحْيِي الْمَوْتَىٰ) (البقرة 2: 260).
4. Jesus's Humble Supplication for the Table | دعاء المسيح الضارع واستنزال الرحمة الإلهية
Jesus then turned to Allah in prayer: "O Allah, our Lord, send down to us a table spread with food from heaven to be for us a festival (Eid) for the first of us and the last of us, and a sign from You. And provide for us, for You are the best of providers."
قَالَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ اللَّـهُمَّ رَبَّنَا أَنزِلْ عَلَيْنَا مَائِدَةً مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ تَكُونُ لَنَا عِيدًا لِّأَوَّلِنَا وَآخِرِنَا وَآيَةً مِّنكَ وَارْزُقْنَا وَأَنتَ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ (سورة المائدة: 114)
ثم توجه عيسى إلى ربه بدعاء خاشع جامع: "اللهم ربنا أنزل علينا مائدة من السماء تكون لنا عيداً لأولنا وآخرنا وآية منك وارزقنا وأنت خير الرازقين".
5. The Divine Response and the Solemn Warning | الاستجابة الربانية والتحذير الشديد من الكفر بعد الآية
Allah answered, "I am sending it down to you," and warned that whoever denied afterwards would face a torment He had never inflicted on anyone (5:115). Ibn Kathir reports that Mujahid and al-Hasan held it was not sent down, but that the majority held it was, the view Ibn Jarir chose and Ibn Kathir calls correct. The table is one of the miracles Allah gave Jesus.
قَالَ اللَّـهُ إِنِّي مُنَزِّلُهَا عَلَيْكُمْ فَمَن يَكْفُرْ بَعْدُ مِنكُمْ فَإِنِّي أُعَذِّبُهُ عَذَابًا لَّا أُعَذِّبُهُ أَحَدًا مِّنَ الْعَالَمِينَ (سورة المائدة: 115)
قال الله تعالى: (إِنِّي مُنَزِّلُهَا عَلَيْكُمْ فَمَن يَكْفُرْ بَعْدُ مِنكُمْ فَإِنِّي أُعَذِّبُهُ عَذَابًا لَّا أُعَذِّبُهُ أَحَدًا مِّنَ الْعَالَمِينَ). ونقل ابن كثير عن مجاهد والحسن أنها لم تنزل، ثم قال: "ولكن الذي عليه الجمهور أنها نزلت، وهو الذي اختاره ابن جرير"، وصوّبه.
Scholarly Insight: Al-Qurtubi explains the alternative reading addressed to Jesus and reports Aisha’s interpretation (5:112): “As for the reading with the letter t, it was said that the meaning is: can you ask your Lord? This is the view of Aisha and Mujahid, may Allah be pleased with them.” See the identity of Jesus’s disciples. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Ma'idah.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Why did the disciples ask for a table of food from heaven?
They wanted to eat from divine sustenance, bring reassurance to their hearts, verify Jesus's truthfulness, and become witnesses to the sign.
Did the disciples doubt Allah's ability to send down the table?
Al-Qurtubi gives several views (5:112): al-Suddi read it as 'Will your Lord answer you?'; another view is that they knew His power and wanted to see it, as Ibrahim (peace be upon him) did; a third is that they asked early, before their knowledge was firm.
What did Prophet Jesus say in his dua for the table?
He asked Allah to make it a feast (Eid) for the first and last of them, a sign from Him, and provision from the Best of Providers.
What warning did Allah attach to the sending of the table?
Allah warned that anyone who disbelieved after this clear sign would face a severe, unprecedented punishment.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →