Surah Al Maidah (The Table Spread)

سورة المائدة

120 Verses

In the Name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate

120 آية

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ

Tafsir of the Verses

{يٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ أَوْفُواْ بِٱلْعُقُودِ أُحِلَّتْ لَكُمْ بَهِيمَةُ ٱلأَنْعَامِ إِلاَّ مَا يُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ غَيْرَ مُحِلِّي ٱلصَّيْدِ وَأَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَحْكُمُ مَا يُرِيدُ}

{يَا أَيُّهَا} {آمَنُواْ} {ٱلأَنْعَامِ}

(1) – يَا أيُّها الذِينَ آمَنُوا التَزِمُوا الوَفَاءَ بِجَميعِ العُهُودِ التِي بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ اللهِ، وَالعُهُودِ المَشْرُوعَةِ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ النَّاسِ، (وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: إنَّ المُرَادَ بِالعُقُودِ فِي هَذِهِ الآيَةِ هِيَ عُهُودُ اللهِ التِي عَهِدَ بِهَا إلَى عِبَادِهِ، أيْ مَا أَحَلَّ وَمَا حَرَّمَ، وَمَا فَرَضَ وَمَا حَدَّ فِي القُرْآنِ كُلِّهِ فَلاَ غَذْرَ وَلاَ نَكْثَ).

فَاللهُ تَعَالَى يَأْمُرُ فِي هَذِهِ الآيَةِ المُؤْمِنينَ بِالوَفَاءِ بِمَا عَقَدُوهُ، وَارْتَبَطُوا بِهِ مِنْ قَوْلٍ أوْ فِعْلٍ كَمَا أَمَرَ اللهُ تَعَالَى، مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ يُحَرِّمُ حَلاَلاً، أوْ يُحَلِّلُ حَرَاماً: كَالعَقْدِ عَلَى الرِّبا، أوْ أَكْلِ مَالِ النَّاسِ بِالبَاطِلِ (كَالرَّشْوَةِ وَالقِمَارِ).

ثُمَّ فَصَّلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى الأَحْكَامَ التِي أَمَرَ بِهَا فَقَالَ: إنَّهُ أحَلَّ لِلنَّاسِ أكْلَ البَهِيمَةِ مِنَ الأنْعَامِ (وَهِيَ البَقَرُ وَالإِبْلُ وَالمَاعِزُ وَالغَنَمُ وَألحِقَ بِهَا الظِّبَاءُ وَبَقَرُ الوَحْشِ وَنَحْوُهَا)، إلاّ مَا سَيُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ تَحْرِيمِ بَعْضِهَا فِي بَعْضِ الأَحْوَالِ، كَقَولِهِ تَعَالَى:{حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلْمَيْتَةُ وَٱلْدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ ٱلْخِنْزِيرِ} وَعَلَى أنْ لاَ يُحِلُّوا صَيْدَ الحَيَوَانَاتِ البَرِّيَّةِ، حِينَمَا يَكُونُونَ مُحْرِمِينَ لِحَجٍّ أوْ عُمْرَةٍ، أوْ لِدُخُولِ مِنْطَقَةِ الحَرَمِ، وَلَوْ لَمْ يَكُونُوا مُحْرِمِينَ لِحَجٍّ أوْ عُمْرَةٍ.

وَاللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ يَقْضِي فِي خَلقِهِ بِمَا يَشَاءُ مِنْ تَحْلِيلٍِ وَتَحْرِيمٍ، بِحَسَبِ الحِكمِ وَالمَصَالِحِ التِي يَعْلَمُهَا.

العُقُودُ – كُلُّ مَا تَعَاقَدَ عَلَيهِ المَرْءُ وَالتَزَمَ فِيهِ بُمُوجِبٍ نَحْوَ اللهِ وَنَحْوَ النَّاسِ.
وَأنْتُمْ حُرمٌ – وَأنْتُمْ فِي حَالَةِ الإِحْرَامِ.
غَيْرَ مُحِلِّي الصَّيْدِ – غَيْرَ مُسْتَحِلِّيهِ فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 1

1. O believers, respect all your commitments to Almighty Allah and fulfill your responsibilities towards men. (According to Ibn Abbas, the commitments here mentioned refer to those things which Almighty Allah has permitted or forbidden to His servants, acts that He has prescribed or forbidden, throughout the Quran. The believers must therefore neither act perfidiously nor break their word. In this verse, Allah Almighty calls upon believers to fulfill their contracts and to honour the commitments they have made orally or in writing, unless such commitments prohibit that which is permitted by Allah or legitimize that which He forbids, such as signing a contract which involves usury, or of unjustly taking possession of the property of others (or profiting from bribes or gambling).

Allah then gives in detail His commandments concerning food, first saying that He has permitted His servants to partake of the meat of domestic animals (that is, cows, dromedaries, goats, lambs and sheep, to which can be added deer, buffaloes, and others), with the exception of those foods which they are forbidden to eat in certain circumstances, as is explained later, such as when Almighty Allah says: “You are forbidden to feed upon carrion, blood, and pork” (see chapter 5- Al-Ma’ida (The Table Spread), 3). Allah forbids believers to hunt wild animals while on pilgrimage or enter into the area of the sacred mosque unless they are engaged in pilgrimage or intend to visit the holy sites. Allah commands His servants whatsoever He pleases. He permits or prohibits according to reasons and goals which He alone knows.

{يَا أَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ لاَ تُحِلُّواْ شَعَآئِرَ ٱللَّهِ وَلاَ ٱلشَّهْرَ ٱلْحَرَامَ وَلاَ ٱلْهَدْيَ وَلاَ ٱلْقَلاۤئِدَ وَلاۤ آمِّينَ ٱلْبَيْتَ ٱلْحَرَامَ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلاً مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ وَرِضْوَاناً وَإِذَا حَلَلْتُمْ فَٱصْطَادُواْ وَلاَ يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ أَن صَدُّوكُمْ عَنِ ٱلْمَسْجِدِ ٱلْحَرَامِ أَن تَعْتَدُواْ وَتَعَاوَنُواْ عَلَى ٱلْبرِّ وَٱلتَّقْوَىٰ وَلاَ تَعَاوَنُواْ عَلَى ٱلإِثْمِ وَٱلْعُدْوَانِ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلْعِقَابِ}

{يَا أَيُّهَا} {آمَنُواْ} {شَعَآئِرَ} {ٱلْقَلاۤئِدَ} {آمِّينَ} {رِضْوَاناً} {شَنَآنُ} {ٱلْعُدْوَانِ}

(2) – يَا أيُّها الذِينَ آمَنُوا لاَ تَسْتَبِيحْوا حُرْمَةَ شَعَائِرِ اللهِ بِأنْ تَجْعَلُوا شَعَائِرَ دِينِ اللهِ حَلاَلاً لَكُمْ تَتَصَرَّفُونَ فِيهَا كَيْفَ تَشَاؤُونَ، بَلِ اعْمَلُوا بِمَا بَيَّنَهُ لَكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ، وَلاَ تَتَهَاوَنُوا بِحُرْمَتِها، وَلاَ تَحُولُوا بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ المُتَنَسِّكِينَ بِهَا، فَتَصُدُّوا النَّاسَ عِنِ الحَجِّ وَالعُمْرَةِ.

ولا تُحِلُّوا القِتَالَ فِي الأشْهُرِ الحُرُمِ. (وَهِيَ ذُو القَعْدَةِ وَذُو الحِجَّةِ وَالمُحَرَّمُ وَرَجَبٌ)، وَلاَ تَمْنَعُوا الهَدْيَ (وَهُوَ مَا يُهْدَى إلى الحَرَمِ مِنَ الأنْعَامِ ليُذْبَحَ فِيهِ تَقَرُّباً إلى اللهِ) وَذَلِكَ بِأخْذِهِ غَصْباً وَسَرِقَةً.

وَلاَ تُحِلُّوا أخْذَ المُقَلَّدِ مِنَ الهَدْي (وَكَانُوا يُقَلِّدُونَ الأنْعَامَ التي تُوَجَّهُ إلَى البَيْتِ هَدْياً بِوَضْعِ قِلاَدَةٍ فِي أعْنَاقِهَا لِكَيْلا يَتَعَرَّضَ لَهَا أحَدٌ بِسُوءٍ).

وَلاَ تُحِلُّوا قِتَالَ قَاصِدِي البَيْتِ الحَرامِ لِزِيارتِهِ فَتَصُدُّوهُمْ عَنْ ذَلِكَ بِأيِّ وَجْهٍ كَانَ.

وَلاَ تُصُدُّوا مَنْ قَصَدَ البَيْتَ الحَرَامَ لِلتِّجَارَةِ أوْ لِلنُّسْكِ وَالرَّغْبَةِ بِالفَوْزِ بِرِضْوَانِ اللهِ (يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلاً مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَرِضْوَاناً).

وإذا فَرَغْتُمْ مِنْ إحْرَامِكُمْ بِالحَجِّ وَالعُمْرَةِ، أوْ خَرَجْتُمْ مِنْ أرْضِ الحَرَمِ فَاصْطَادُوا إذا شِئْتُمْ. وَلا يَحْمِلَنَّكُمْ بُغْضُ قَوْمٍ وَعَدَاوَتُهُمْ، (وَهُمُ الذِينَ صَدُّوكُمْ عَنِ المَسْجِدِ الحَرَامِ عَامَ الحُدَيْبِيَةِ) عَلَى أنْ تَعْتَدُوا، وَتَتَجَاوَزُوا أمْرَ اللهِ فِيهِمْ، فَتَقْتَصُّوا مِنْهُمْ ظُلْماً وَعُدْواناً، بَلِ احْكُمُوا بِمَا أمَرَكُمْ بِهِ اللهُ مِنَ العَدْلِ فِي حَقِّ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ.

وَرُوِيَ أنَّ الرَّسُولَ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ فِي الحُدَيْبِيةِ مَعَ أصْحَابِهِ، وَقَدِ اشْتَدَّ عَلَى المُسْلِمِينَ صَدُّ المُشْرِكِينَ لَهُمْ عَنْ بُلوغِ البَيْتِ، فَمَرَّ بِهِمْ أنَاسٌ مِنَ المُشْرِكِينَ مِنْ أهْلِ المَشْرِقِ، يُرِيدُونَ العُمْرَةَ، فَقَالَ المُسْلِمُونَ نَصُدُّ هؤُلاءِ كَمَا صَدَّنَا أصْحَابُهُمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الآيَةَ. وَفِيهَا يَأمُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى عِبَادَهُ المُؤمِنينَ بِالتَّقْوَى، وَبِالتَّعَاوُنِ عَلَى فِعْلِ الخَيْرَاتِ (وَهُوَ البِرُّ)، وَعَلَى تَرْكِ المَعَاصِي والمُنْكَراتِ (وَهُوَ التَّقْوَى)، وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ التَّنَاصُرِ عَلَى البَاطِلِ، وَالتَّعَاوُنِ عَلَى المَآثِمِ وَالمَحَارِمِ، وَيُحَذِّرُ اللهُ المُؤْمِنينَ مِنْ بَطْشِهِ وَعِقَابِهِ، لأنَّهُ تَعَالَى شَدِيدُ العِقَابِ لِمَنْ عَصَاهُ وَتَعَدَّى حُدُودَهُ.

شَعَائِرَ اللهِ – جَمْعُ شَعِيرَةٍ، مَا شَرَعَ اللهُ وَأمَرَ بِهِ.
الهَدْيَ – مَا يُهدَى مِنَ الأنْعَامِ لِلحَرَمِ لِيُذْبَحَ عِنْدَهُ تَقَرُّباً للهِ.
القَلائِدَ – مَا قُلِّدَ مِنَ الأنْعَامِ التِي تُوَجَّهُ إِلَى الحَرَمِ هَدْياً بِطَوْقٍ ليُعْرَفَ أنَّهُ مُوَجَّهٌ إلى الكَعْبَةِ فَلاَ يَتَعَرَّضُ لَهُ أحَدٌ بِسُوءٍ.
الشَّنآنُ – البُغْضُ وَالكَرَاهِيَةُ.
صَدُّوكُمْ عَنِ المَسْجِدِ الحَرَامِ – مَنَعُوكُمْ عَنِ الوُصُولِ إليهِ.
لاَ تُحِلُّوا – لاَ تَنْتَهِكُوا حُرْمَتَهُ.
لاَ يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ – لاَ يَحْمِلَنَّكُمْ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 2

2. O you who believe! do not profane what Allah has sanctified, by taking the liberty of practicing the rites of divine religion according to your own wishes. Follow rather the rules that Allah Almighty has prescribed for you, and do not take lightly that which is sacred. Do not prevent the pure from acting according to these rites, and do not prevent people from carrying out their pilgrimage or visiting holy sites. Do not countenance combat during the holy months (that is, Dhul-Qi’da, Dhul-Hijja, Muharram, and Rajab). Do not prevent the offering of sacrificial animals (a chain was hung around the necks of animals destined for sacrifice during the holy months, so that no on would harm them).

Similarly, do not countenance an attack upon those undertaking a visit to the holy mosque, and do not in any way hinder them in their enterprise. Do not oppose those who approach the holy places in order to trade or to carry out their pilgrimage in search of Allah’s grace (seeking the grace and favour of Allah).

When you have completed your pilgrimage or your visit to the holy places and have quitted the holy site, you may engage in hunting if you wish. Let not any hate or hostility you may feel towards certain persons (those who denied you access to the holy sites in the year of Hudaybiya) lead you into becoming the aggressors and breaking Allah’s commandments by seeking revenge against them unjustly and unlawfully. Rather, judge each of them justly and in conformity with the instructions of the Lord.

It is said that the Prophet (peace be upon him) was at Hudaybiya with his companions, who were saddened and indignant at seeing the polytheists denying them access to the holy sites. The Muslims therefore now wanted to prevent them from entering, just as they themselves had been prevented by the evildoers. Allah sent this verse in which He enjoins His faithful servants to fear Him and to assist each other in doing good (that is, in being virtuous) and to abandon sin, disobedience, and wrongdoing (that is, to remain pious). He forbids them to assist each other in committing evil, sin, and prohibited acts. He warns believers against His punishment, for His punishment is terrible for those who transgress His commands and go astray from His true path.

{حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلْمَيْتَةُ وَٱلْدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ ٱلْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَآ أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ ٱللَّهِ بِهِ وَٱلْمُنْخَنِقَةُ وَٱلْمَوْقُوذَةُ وَٱلْمُتَرَدِّيَةُ وَٱلنَّطِيحَةُ وَمَآ أَكَلَ ٱلسَّبُعُ إِلاَّ مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى ٱلنُّصُبِ وَأَنْ تَسْتَقْسِمُواْ بِٱلأَزْلاَمِ ذٰلِكُمْ فِسْقٌ ٱلْيَوْمَ يَئِسَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِن دِينِكُمْ فَلاَ تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَٱخْشَوْنِ ٱلْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ ٱلإِسْلٰمَ دِيناً فَمَنِ ٱضْطُرَّ فِي مَخْمَصَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍ لإِثْمٍ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ}

{بِٱلأَزْلاَمِ} {يَئِسَ} {ٱلإِسْلٰمَ}

(3) – يُبَيِّنُ اللهُ تَعَالَى فِي هَذِهِ الآيَةِ مَا حَرَّمَ أكْلَهُ عَلَى عِبَادِهِ مِنْ لَحْمِ الأنْعَامِ وَهِيَ:

المَيْتَةُ – وَهِيَ التِي مَاتَتْ حَتْفَ أَنْفِهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ ذَكَاةٍ وَلاَ اصْطِيَادٍ وَذَلِكَ لِمَا فِيهَا مِنَ المَضَرَّةِ، وَيُسْتَثْنَى مِنَ المَيْتَةِ السَّمَكُ، فَإنَّهُ حَلالٌ سَوَاءٌ مَاتَ بتَذْكِيَةٍ أَوْ بِغَيْرِهَا.

وَالدَّمُ المَسْفُوحُ – وَهُوَ الدَّمُ الذِي يَسِيلُ مِنَ الحَيَوَانَاتِ.

وَكَانَ الأَعْرَابُ فِي البَادِيَةِ إذا جَاعُوا فِي الصَّحْرَاءِ يَأخُذُونَ شَيْئاً مُحَدَّداً مِنْ عَظْمٍ أوْ نَحْوِهِ فَيَفْصِدُونَ بِهِ حَيَواناً فَيَجْمَعُونَ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ مِنْ دَمٍ فَيَشْرَبُونَهُ، فَحَرَّمَ اللهُ ذَلِكَ.

وَجَاءَ فِي الحَدِيثِ: أحِلَّتْ لَنَا مِيتَتَانِ وَدَمَانِ، فَأمَّا المِيتَتَانِ فَالسَّمَكُ وَالجَرَادُ، وَأمَّا الدَّمَانِ فَالكَبِدُ وَالطِّحَالُ. (رَوَاهُ أحْمَدُ وَالبَيْهَقِيُّ).

لَحْمُ الخِنْزِيرِ – إنْسِيَّهِ وَوَحْشِيِّهِ. فَلَحْمُهُ حَرَامٌ.

مَا أهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللهِ بِهِ – أيْ مَا ذُبِحَ فَذُكِرَ اسْمٌ غَيْرُ اسْمِ اللهِ عِنْدَ ذَبْحِهِ. لأنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى أوْجَبَ أنْ تُذْبَحَ الأنْعَامُ عَلَى اسْمِهِ العَظِيمِ.

(وَالإِهْلالُ هُوَ رَفْعُ الصَّوْتِ، وَالإِهْلالُ هُنَا رَفْعُ الصَّوْتِ بِذِكْرِ اسْمٍ غَيْرِ اسْمِ اللهِ عِنْدَ الذَّبْحِ).

المُنْخَنِقَةُ – وَهِيَ التِي تَمُوتُ خَنْقاً، بِأيَّةِ صُورَةٍ تَمَّ فِيها خَنْقُها. فَهِيَ مُحَرَّمَةٌ عَلَى المُسْلِمِينَ.

وَالمَوْقُوذَةُ – وَهِيَ التِي تُضرَبُ بِشَيءٍ ثَقيلٍ غَيْرِ مُحَدَّدٍ حَتَّى تَمُوتَ.

وَالمُتَرَدِّيَةُ – وَهِيَ التِي تَقَعُ مِنْ مَكَانٍ مُرْتَفِعٍ، أوْ تَقَعُ فِي بِئْرٍ فَتَمُوتُ فَلا يَحِلُّ أكْلُ لَحْمِهَا.

وَالنَّطِيحَةُ – وَهِيَ التِي مَاتَتْ بِسَبَبِ نَطْحِ غَيْرِهَا لَهَا، فَهِيَ حَرَامٌ وَلَوْ خَرَجَ مِنَهَا الدَّمُ، وَلَوْ مِنْ مَذْبَحِهَا.

وَمَا أكَلَ السَّبُعُ – وَهِيَ مَا عَدَتْ عَلَيهَا الحَيَوَانَاتُ الجَارِحَةُ فَقَتَلَتْها فَلا تَحِلُّ بِالإِجْمَاعِ.

وَاسْتَثْنَى اللهُ تَعَالَى مِنْ جَمِيعِ مَا تَقَدَّمَ الحَيَوَانَ الذِي لَحِقَهُ الإِنْسَانُ بِالذَّبْحِ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ، وَفِيهِ حَيَاةٌ مُسْتَقِرَّةٌ، فَإنَّهُ إذا ذُبِحَ أصْبَحَ حَلالاً يَجُوزُ أَكْلُهُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ.

وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ – مُحَرَّمٌ أَكْلُهُ.

وَالنُّصُبُ هِيَ حِجَارَةٌ حَوْلَ الكَعْبَةِ، كَانَتِ العَرَبُ فِي جَاهِلِيَّتِهَا تَذْبَحُ عِنْدَهَا الذَّبَائِحَ، وَيُنْضَحُ مَا أقْبلَ مِنْها إلى البَيْتِ بِدِمَاءِ تِلْكَ الذَّبَائِحِ، وَيُشَرِّحُونَ اللحْمَ وَيَضَعُونَهُ عَلَى النُّصُبِ. فَحَرَّمَ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى المُؤْمِنينَ أكْلَ الذَّبَائحِ التِي تَمَّ ذَبْحُها عندَ تلكَ النُّصُبِ. فَالذَّبْحُ عِنْدَ النُّصُبِ مِنْ الشِّرْكِ.

ثُمَّ أضَافَ اللهُ تَعَالَى إلَى مُحَرَّمَاتِ الطَّعَامِ التِي كَانَ أهْلُ الجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَسْتَحِلُّونَهَا، عَمَلاً آخَرَ مِنْ أعْمَالِهِمْ وَهُوَ الاسْتِقْسَامُ بِالأزْلاَمِ.

وَالأزْلاَمُ وَاحِدُهَا (زَلَمٌ)، هِيَ عِبَارَةَ عَنْ قِدَاحٍ (سِهَامٍ) ثَلاَثَةٍ أحَدُهَا مُكْتُوبٌ عَلَيْهِ: (افْعَلْ) وَثَانِيهَا مَكْتُوبٌ عَلَيهِ. (لاَ تَفْعَلْ). وثَالِثُهَا لَمْ يُكْتَبْ عَلَيهِ شَيءٌ. فَإِذا أجَالَهَا فَطَلَعَ السَّهْمُ المَكْتُوبُ عَلَيْهِ (لاَ تَفْعَلْ)، لَمْ يَفْعَلْ. وَإذا خَرَجَ السَّهْمُ المَكْتُوبُ عَلَيْهِ (افْعَلْ) فَعَلَ. وَإذَا خَرَجَ السَّهْمُ الغُفْلُ مِنَ الكِتَابَةِ أعَادَ. فَحَرَّمَ اللهُ الاسْتِقْسَامَ بِالأزْلاَمِ، وَعَدَّهُ فِسْقاً، وخُرُوجاً عَنَ طَاعَةِ اللهِ.

وَقَدْ أمَرَ اللهُ المُؤْمِنينَ إذَا تَرَدَّدُوا فِي أمْرِهِمْ أنْ يَسْتَخِيرُوهُ بِأنْ يَعْبُدُوهُ، ثُمَّ يَسْألُوهُ الخِيَرَةَ فِي الأمْرِ الذِي يُرِيدُونَ.
ثُمَّ يَقُولُ تَعَالَى لِلْمُؤْمِنينَ: اليَوْمَ يَئِسَ الكُفَّارُ مِنَ القَضَاءِ عَلَى دِينِ اللهِ، وَمِنْ رُجُوعِ المُؤْمِنينَ عَنْ دِينِهِمْ، لِمَا شَاهَدُوهُ مِنْ فَضْلِ اللهِ عَلَيكُمْ، إذْ وَفى بِوَعْدِهِ، وَأظْهَرَ دِينَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ، فَلاَ تَخُافُوهُمْ فِي مُخَالَفَتِكُمْ إيَّاهُمْ، وَاخشوني أنا، فَأنَا أنْصُرُكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَأجْعَلُكُمْ فَوْقَهُمْ فِي الدُّنيا وَالآخِرَةِ.

ثُمَّ يَقُولُ تَعَالَى مُخَاطِباً المُؤْمِنينَ: إنَّهُ أكْمَلَ لَهُمُ اليَوْمَ دِينَهُمُ الإِسْلاَمَ، فَلاَ يَحْتَاجُونَ إلى دِينٍ غَيْرِهِ، وَلاَ إلى نَبِيِّ غَيْرِ نَبِيِّهِمْ. وَلَمَّا أكْمَلَ اللهُ لَهُمْ دِينَهُمْ تَمَّتْ عَلَيهِمْ نِعْمَةُ رَبِّهِمْ، فَلْيَرْضَوْا بِالإِسْلاَمِ دِيناً لَهُمْ، فَإنَّهُ الدِّينُ الذِي أحَبَّهُ اللهُ وَرَضِيَهُ لَهُمْ. فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ إلى تَنَاوُلِ شَيءٍ مِمّا حَرَّمَ اللهُ مِمَّا سَبَقَ ذِكْرُهُ، لِضَرُورَةٍ ألْجَأتْهُ إلى ذَلِكَ، فَلاَ بَأسَ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَلَهُ تَنَاوُلُهُ فِي حُدُودِ مَا يَدْفَعُ عَنْهُ الضَّرُورَةَ، واللهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ، لأنَّهُ تَعَالَى يَعْلَمُ حَاجَةَ العَبْدِ المُضْطَرِّ، وَافْتِقَارَهُ إلى ذَلِكَ فَيَتَجَاوَزُ عَنْهُ، وَيَغْفِرُ لَهُ. بِشَرْطِ ألاَّ يَكُونَ تَنَاوُلُهُ المُحَرَّمَ مَيْلاً مِنْهُ إلى مَعْصِيَةِ اللهِ، وَرَغْبَةً في الاعْتِدَاءِ عَلَى حُرُمَاتِ اللهِ (غَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍ لإِثْمٍ).

(وَفِي الحَدِيثِ: ” إنَّ اللهَ يُحِبُّ أنْ تُؤْتَى رُخَصُهُ، كَمَا يَكْرَهُ أنْ تُؤْتَى مَعْصِيتُهُ ” ).

(وَرُوِيَ أَيْضاً: ” إنَّ مَنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ رُخْصَةَ اللهِ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الإِثْمِ مِثْلُ جِبَالِ عَرَفَةَ ” ). (رَوَاهُمَا أَحْمَدُ).

المَخْمَصَةُ – حَالَةُ الجُوعِ الشَّدِيدِ.
غَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍ لإِثْمٍ – غَيْرَ رَاغِبٍ فِي ارْتِكَابِ إثْمٍ.
الأزْلاَمُ – سِهَامٌ ثَلاثَةٌ يَسْتَعْمِلُونَها فِي الاسْتِسْقَامِ، وَالاقْتِرَاعِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 3

3. Almighty Allah indicates in this verse what kinds of meat His servants are forbidden to consume, that is to say:
– Animals which have died from natural causes and which have been neither sacrificed nor hunted, for they can be harmful to the health; with the exception of fish, whether they have been sacrificed or not.
– The blood which has been shed by animals. When they were in the middle of the desert and were hungry, the bedouins used a bone or some such instrument to bleed an animal. They collected the animal’s blood in this way, and drank it. Allah forbade this practice.
According to Ahmad and Al-Bayhaqiy, prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) said: “We have been permitted to consume two kinds of carrion and two kinds of blood. The two kinds of carrion are fish and locusts; the two kinds of blood permitted to us are those of the liver and the spleen.”
– Pork, both wild and domesticated, it is forbidden to consume. Animals whose throats are cut otherwise than in the name of Allah, that is, those whose throats are cut while a name other than Allah’s is pronounced over them. For Allah requires that one should cut the throat of an animal while praising His name. (This means praising the name of Allah aloud at the moment of cutting the animal’s throat.)
– Animals which die of strangulation, whatever the method used, are forbidden to Muslims.
– Animals which are beaten to death with a hard instrument.
– Animals which die as the result of a fall from a high place, or down a well, may not be consumed. Animals which die as the result of being gored by a horn, even if they bleed from the neck, may not be consumed.
– Animals attacked and killed by beasts of prey are prohibited, without exception. From all the preceding cases, Allah excepts those animals whose throats are cut in time, and before they die. If they are bled in time, Muslims may consume their meat. It is forbidden to consume animals whose throats are cut before idol-stones. The reference here is to certain stones placed around the Kaaba in pre-Islamic times, on which the Arabs immolated the animals they sacrificed. Their blood was sprinkled on those who came to the Kaaba, and their meat was cut into slabs and hung on the statues. Almighty Allah forbids believers to feed upon the beasts sacrificed at these altars, for it was an act of idolatry.

To this list of foods forbidden by Allah but considered legitimate during the Jahiliyyah (the pre-Islamic period), Allah adds another practice: that of foretelling fortunes by means of arrows. The custom was to make use of three arrows. On one was written “Do it,” on another “Do not do it,” and on the third nothing at all. After throwing them down, if one received that arrow marked “Do not do it,” one abstained from the action in question. If, on the other hand, one received the arrow marked “Do it,” one carried out the action. If one received the arrow on which nothing was written, the arrows were cast again. Allah forbids the casting of arrows for the purpose of influencing the future and considers the practice wrong and an act of disobedience towards the Lord.

Allah commands believers who are in doubt as to whether to undertake an act or not to appeal to Him by worshipping Him and then asking Him to indicate the right course of action. Allah Almighty then says to the believers: “Today, the unbelievers have abandoned their hope of destroying your religion and leading you into apostasy. For they have witnessed the favours which Allah has granted you. He has indeed kept His promise and caused His religion to prosper. Therefore, do not fear them because you are in conflict with them; rather, fear me. For I will grant you victory over them and I will cause you to triumph. Addressing Himself to the believers, Allah Almighty adds that He has now brought the religion of Islam to perfect completion. They will therefore need no other religion from now on, nor any other prophet but theirs. In perfecting their religion for them, Allah has showered His grace upon them. They must therefore accept Islam as their religion, for it is the religion that Allah loves and has chosen for them. Whoever is obliged by necessity to act counter to the preceding instructions by eating forbidden food or committing other proscribed acts runs no risk. In times of famine, a man may consume what Allah has forbidden, but only in cases of absolute necessity. Allah is Merciful and Forgiving, for, knowing the extent of His servant’s needs, He overlooks and pardons his misdeed, on condition that while he eats the forbidden food he does not incline towards sin or towards infringing Allah’s commandments.
The Prophet (peace be upon him) says: “Allah loves us to do what He permits and hates us to disobey Him.”)
(Also quoting the prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him), Ahmad reports: “He who fails to act according to Allah’s commandments will be weighed down with sins as heavy as Mount Arafat.”)

{يَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَآ أُحِلَّ لَهُمْ قُلْ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ ٱلطَّيِّبَاتُ وَمَا عَلَّمْتُمْ مِّنَ ٱلْجَوَارِحِ مُكَلِّبِينَ تُعَلِّمُونَهُنَّ مِمَّا عَلَّمَكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فَكُلُواْ مِمَّآ أَمْسَكْنَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَٱذْكُرُواْ ٱسْمَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَرِيعُ ٱلْحِسَابِ}

{يَسْأَلُونَكَ} {ٱلطَّيِّبَاتُ}

(4) – سَأَلَ عَدِيُّ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ مُهَلْهِلٍ الطَّائِييَّنِ رَسُولَ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالاَ: قَدْ حَرَّمَ اللهُ المَيْتَةَ، فَمَاذَا يَحِلُّ لَنَا مِنْهَا؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الآيَةَ.

وَهَذِهِ الآيَةُ تَعْنِي: أنَّ اللهَ أَحَلَّ الذَبَائِحَ الحَلاَلَ الطَّيِّبَةَ لَهُمْ، التِي ذُكِرَ اسْمُ اللهِ عَلَيْهَا، وَأحَلَّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ مِنْ الرِّزْقِ، وَأَحَلَّ لَهُمْ مَا اصْطَادُوهُ بِِالجَوَارِحِ كَالكِلاَبِ وَالصُّقُورِ وَالفُهُودِ.

(وَسُمِّيَتْ هَذِهِ الحَيَوانَاتُ بِالجَوَارِحِ، اشْتِقَاقاً مِنَ الجَرْحِ وَهُوَ الكَسْبُ، وَمِنْهُ قَوْلُهُمْ: فُلانٌ لاَ جَارِحَ لَهُ، أيْ لاَ كَاسِبَ لَهُ).

وَمِنْهُ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى:{وَيَعْلَمُ مَا جَرَحْتُم بِٱلنَّهَارِ} أَيْ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ.

وَهَذِهِ الجَوَارِحُ تَقْتَنِصُ الفَرَائِسَ بِمَخَالِبِهَا وَأظْفَارِهَا، وَتَكُونُ قَدْ عُلِّمَتْ عَلَى الصَّيْدِ، فَإِذَا أرْسَلَهَا أصْحَابُها اسْتَرْسَلَتْ، وَإِذا أَشْلَوْهَا اسْتَشْلَتْ، وَإذا أخَذَتِ الصَّيْدَ أَمْسَكَتْهُ عَلَى أصْحَابِهَا حَتَّى يَجِيئُوا إلَيْهَا، وَلاَ تُمْسكُهُ لِنَفْسِهَا، فَمَتَى كَانَ الجَارِحَ مُعَلِّماً، وَأمْسَكَ الصَّيْدَ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ، وَكَانَ صَاحِبُهُ قَدْ ذَكَرَ اسْمَ اللهِ قَبْلَ إطْلاَقِهِ، حَلَّ الصَّيْدُ، وَإنْ قَتَلَهُ بِالإِجْمَاعِ.

وَيَأمُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى المُؤْمِنينَ بِتَقْوَاهُ، وَبِأنْ لاَ يُقْدِمُوا عَلَى مُخَالَفَةِ أوَامِرِهِ، بِالأَكْلِ مِنَ المُحَرَّمَاتِ التي سَبَقَ ذِكْرُهَا، وَيُعْلِمُهُمْ أنَّهُ سَيُحَاسِبُهُمْ عَلَى أَعْمَالِهِمْ فِي الدُّنيا جَميعِها، وَأنَّهُ تَعَالَى سَرِيعُ الحِسَابِ، يُحَاسِبُ النَّاسَ كُلَّهُمْ فِي وَقْتٍ وَاحِدٍ.

الجَوَارِحُ – الحَيوانَاتُ التِي يُصَادُ بِهَا كَالكِلاَبِ وَالصُّقُورِ.
التَّكْلِيبُ – تَعْلِيمُ الجَوَارِحِ عَلَى الصَّيْدِ وَتَضْرِيَتُهَا.
الطَّيِّبُ – هُوَ مَا تَسْتَطِيبُهُ النُّفُوسُ السَّلِيمَةُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 4

4. Adiyyu bnu Hateim and Zaydu bnu Muhalhel of the tribe of Ta’e asked Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him): “Allah has forbidden us to eat of the flesh of carrion. What part of them can we then eat?” Allah therefore sent this verse. It means that Allah permits them to consume the proper animals whose throats are slit while the name of Allah is proclaimed, and also the wholesome food and animals captured by beasts of prey such as dogs, falcons, and leopards. (The Arabic word corresponding to “beasts of prey” is “jawareh.” It is derived from “jarh” which means “gain” or “profit”. Hence Allah’s words: “He knows what you gain by day”, see chapter 6- Al-An’am (Cattle), 60). For the beasts of prey in question are those which pounce upon their quarry with their claws and fangs. Once they are trained to hunt, they chase after their prey at their master’s bidding. When it has captured its prey, a hunting animal holds onto it until the hunter catches up, and never takes the prey for itself. If the hunting animal is well-trained and keeps its prey for its master, and if the latter has invoked the name of Allah before sending the animal in pursuit of the quarry, then the hunt is unanimously considered legitimate, even if the prey has been killed by the hunter’s animal.)

Allah Almighty orders His servants to fear Him and not to transgress His commandments by consuming the aforementioned forbidden foods. He tells them that He will judge all their actions upon earth, and that He is not slow to draw up the reckoning, and that He will judge everyone at the same time.

{ٱلْيَوْمَ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ ٱلطَّيّبَـٰتُ وَطَعَامُ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ حِلٌّ لَّكُمْ وَطَعَامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ وَٱلْمُحْصَنَـٰتُ مِنَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَـٰتِ وَٱلْمُحْصَنَـٰتُ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ إِذَا ءاتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَٰفِحِينَ وَلاَ مُتَّخِذِيۤ أَخْدَانٍ وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِٱلإِيمَٰنِ فَقَدْ حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ وَهُوَ فِي ٱلآخِرَةِ مِنَ ٱلْخَٰسِرِينَ}

{ٱلطَّيِّبَاتُ} {ٱلْكِتَابَ} {وَٱلْمُحْصَنَاتُ} {ٱلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ} {آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ} {مُسَافِحِينَ} {بِٱلإِيمَانِ} {ٱلْخَاسِرِينَ}

(5) – لَمَّا ذَكَرَ اللهُ تَعَالَى مَا حَرَّمَ عَلَى عِبَادِهِ المُؤْمِنينَ مِنَ الخَبَائِثِ، وَمَا أحَلَّ لَهُمْ مِنَ الطَّيبَاتِ، ذَكَرَ حُكْمَ ذَبَائِحِ أهْلِ الكِتَابِ مِنَ اليَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى: فَقَالَ: إنَّها حَلاَلٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ لأنَّهُمْ يَعْتَقِدُونَ تَحْرِيمَ ذَبْحِ الذَّبَائِحِ لِغَيْرِ اللهِ، وَلاَ يَذْكُرُونَ عَلَى ذَبَائِحِهِمْ غَيْرَ اسْمِ اللهِ.

وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: إنَّهُ يَحِلُّ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنْ يَطْعَمُوا مِنْ ذَبَائِحِ أهْلِ الكِتَابِ مِمَّا لَمْ يَرِدْ نَصٌ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِهِ. وَأحَلَّ اللهُ لِلْمُسْلِمينَ نِكَاحَ العَفِيفَاتِ مِنْ أهْلِ الكِتَابِ (وَقِيلَ بَلْ مَعْنَاهُ المُحْصَنَاتُ بِالحُرِّيَّةِ)، إذا دَفَعُوا لَهُنَّ مُهُورَهُنَّ (أُجُورَهُنَّ).

وَكَمَا شَرَطَ اللهُ الإِحْصَانَ، وَهُوَ العِفَّةُ، فِي النِّسَاءِ، كَذَلِكَ شَرَطَهُ فِي الرِّجَالِ، وَهُوَ أنْ يَكُونَ الرَّجُلُ مُحْصَناً عَفِيفاً، وَلِهذا قَالَ (غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ) (وَالمُسَافِحُونَ هُمُ الزُّنَاةُ الذِينَ لاَ يَرْتَكِعُونَ عَنْ مَعْصِيَةٍ، وَلاَ يَرُدُّونَ أنْفُسَهُمْ عَمَّنْ جَاءَهُمْ، أوْ هُمُ الذِينَ يُجَاهِرُونَ بِالمَعْصِيَةِ التِي يَأتُونَهَا)، وَلا مَتَّخِذِي أخْدَانٍ (وَهُمْ أصْحَابُ العَشِيقَاتِ – أوْ هُمُ الذِينَ يَأتُونَ المَعْصِيَةَ سِرّاً)، لِذَلِكَ ذَهَبَ الإِمَامُ أحْمَدُ إلى أنَّهُ لاَ يَصِحُّ عِنْدَهُ عَقْدُ الرَّجُلِ الفَاجِرِ عَلَى امْرَأةٍ عَفِيفَةٍ حَتَّى يَتُوبَ.

وَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِالإِيمَانِ، وَيَجْحَدْ بِالدِّينِ فَقَدْ هَلَكَ عَمَلُهُ وَبَطلَ (حَبِطَ) وَسَيَكُونُ فِي الآخِرَةِ مِنَ الخَاسِرِينَ.

مُحْصِنِينَ – أصْحَابَ عِفَّةٍ يَتَعَففُونَ بِالزَّوَاجِ عَنِ الزِّنَى.
غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ – غَيْرَ مُجَاهِرِينَ بِالزِّنَى.
مُتَّخِذِي أخْدَانٍ – مُصَاحِبِي خَلِيلاتٍ لِلزِّنى سِرّاً.
حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ – هَلَكَ عَمَلُهُ وَبَطَلَ ثَوَابُهُ.
طَعَامُ – ذَبَائِحُ اليَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى.
يَكْفُرْ بِالإِيمَانِ – يُنْكِرْ شَرَائِعَ الإِسْلاَمِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 5

5. In addition to specifying the bad foods forbidden and the good foods permitted to His servants, Allah Almighty reveals His Attitude regarding those animals whose throats are cut by other peoples of the Book, that is, Jews and Christians. He says in this regard that Muslims are permitted to eat the meat of animals slaughtered by other people of the Book, since they too consider that it is improper to slaughter an animal otherwise than in the name of Allah, and they pronounce only Allah’s name as they slit the animal’s throat.

Allah Almighty says that Muslims are permitted to consume all the foods of the peoples of the Book which He has not specifically prohibited. He also allows them to marry virtuous women among them who have accepted the Book (according to certain commentators, the reference is rather to free-born women), on condition that they provide them with a dowry.

Just as Allah requires chastity of women, He requires it also of men, who should be virtuous. Thus He has said: “Do not fall into debauchery.” Allah refers here to those who fornicate and repeat their offence, to those libertines who do not restrain themselves from committing sin or try to shield themselves from temptation. And He has also said: “Do not fornicate secretly.” Here He refers to those who take a mistress and abandon themselves clandestinely to lasciviousness. When He says, “Do not commit adultery,” Allah is referring to those who commit adultery openly or secretly. Thus the Imam Ahmad considers it illegal for a debauched man to conclude a marriage contract with a virtuous woman, unless he has repented.

Whoever denies the faith and turns away from the religion loses any gains from his deeds and will be among the lost souls on the Day of Judgement.

{يَا أَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى ٱلصَّلاةِ فٱغْسِلُواْ وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى ٱلْمَرَافِقِ وَٱمْسَحُواْ بِرُؤُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى ٱلْكَعْبَينِ وَإِن كُنتُمْ جُنُباً فَٱطَّهَّرُواْ وَإِن كُنتُم مَّرْضَىۤ أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَآءَ أَحَدٌ مِّنْكُمْ مِّنَ ٱلْغَائِطِ أَوْ لاَمَسْتُمُ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُواْ مَآءً فَتَيَمَّمُواْ صَعِيداً طَيِّباً فَٱمْسَحُواْ بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ مِّنْهُ مَا يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ لِيَجْعَلَ عَلَيْكُم مِّنْ حَرَجٍ وَلَـٰكِن يُرِيدُ لِيُطَهِّرَكُمْ وَلِيُتِمَّ نِعْمَتَهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ}

{يَا أَيُّهَا} {آمَنُواْ} {ٱلصَّلاةِ} {ٱلْغَائِطِ} {لاَمَسْتُمُ}

(6) – فِي هَذِهِ الآيَةِ يَبَيِّنُ اللهُ تَعَالَى لِعِبَادِهِ المُؤْمِنينَ شُرُوطَ الوَضُوءِ وَالتَّيَمُمِ، وَيَأمُرُ المُؤْمِنِينَ بِالوُضُوءِ إذا قَامُوا إلى الصَّلاَةِ وَهُمْ مُحْدِثُونَ (وَيُسْتَحَبُّ الوُضُوءُ عِنْدَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ). وَالوُضُوءُ هُوَ غَسْلُ الوَجْهِ، وَغَسْلُ اليَدَينِ إلى المِرْفَقَيْنِ، وَمَسْحُ الرَّأسِ كُلِّهِ أوْ بَعْضِهِ، وَغَسْلُ الرِّجْلَيْنِ إلى الكَعْبَيْنِ. وَيَقُولُ تَعَالَى لِلْمُؤْمِنينَ: إذَا كُنْتُمْ جُنُباً فَاغْتَسِلُوا، وَإذا كُنْتُمْ مَرْضَى لاَ تَسْتَطِيعُونَ مَسَّ المَاءِ لِلوُضُوءِ وَالاغْتِسَالِ، أوْ كُنْتُمْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ، وَلَمْ يَتَيَسَّرْ لَكُمُ المَاءُ، وَإذا أَحْدَثْتُمْ (جَاءَ أحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ مِنَ الغَائِطِ)، أوْ بَاشَرْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ، وَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً لِتَغْتَسِلُوا وَتَتَوضَّؤُوا فَتَيَمَّمُوا مَا صَعدَ عَلى سَطْحِ الأرْضِ مِنْ تُرَابٍ طَاهِرٍ (طَيِّبٍ) فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأيْدِيكُمْ مِنْهُ، وَاللهُ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُيَسِّرَ الأمْرَ عَلَيْكُمْ، وَلاَ يُحْرِجَكُمْ فِي أمُورِ دِينِكُمْ، وَلَكِنَّهُ يُرِيدُ أنْ يُطَهِّرَكُمْ، وَأَنْ يُتِمَّ نِعْمَتَهُ عَلَيْكُمْ، فَيَجْمَعَ لَكُمْ بَيْنَ طَهَارَةِ الأَبْدَانِ وَطَهَارَةِ الرُّوحِ، لِيُعِدَّكُمْ بِذَلِكَ لِدَوَامِ شُكْرِهِ عَلَى نِعَمِهِ عَلَيْكُمْ، وَعَلَى مَا يَسَّرَهُ لَكُمْ.

الغَائِطِ – مَكَانَ قَضَاءِ الحَاجَةِ.
لاَمَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ – وَاقَعْتُمُوهُنَّ أوْ مَسَسْتُمْ بَشَرَتَهُنَّ.
صَعِيداً طَيِّباً – تُرَاباً طَاهِراً.
حَرَجٍ – ضِيقٍ فِي دِينِهِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 6

6. In this verse, Allah indicates to the believers among His servants the conditions for ablution or, in the absence of water, purification by means of clean earth. He orders them to carry out their ablution when they are about to pray and after using the lavatory. (It is, however, preferable to perform one’s ablution before every prayer.) This consists in washing one’s face and one’s arms up to the elbows, cleaning one’s head partially or entirely, and washing one’s feet up to the ankles. Allah Almighty tells believers: “If you have engaged in the pleasures of the flesh, wash your body. If you are sick and incapable of touching water in order to perform your ablution and wash yourself, or if you are travelling and water is not available, if you have defecated, or if you have had sexual relations with a woman, and you can find no water for your ablution or for washing yourself, you may substitute clean earth and rub your face and hands with that. Allah wishes to make things easier for you, and does not wish to make the practice of your religion burdensome for you. He wishes to purify you and shed His bounties upon you, by permitting you to combine the purity of the body with that of the soul. He will thus deliver you into a state in which you thank Him continuously for the favours that He has granted to you and which He continues to procure for you.

{وَٱذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَمِيثَاقَهُ ٱلَّذِي وَاثَقَكُم بِهِ إِذْ قُلْتُمْ سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ}

{مِيثَاقَهُ}

(7) – وَتَذَكَّرُوا أيُّها المُؤْمِنُونَ إذْ كُنْتُمْ كُفَّاراً مُتَبَاغِضِينَ فَأَصْبَحْتُمْ بِفَضْلِ اللهِ إخْوَاناً مُتَحَابِّينَ، وَتَذَكَّرُوا العَهْدَ الذِي عَاهَدَكُمْ بِهِ، حِينَ بَايَعْتُمْ رَسُولَ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَلَى السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ فِي المَنْشَطِ وَالمَكْرَهِ (أي المَحْبُوبِ وَالمَكْرُوهِ)، وَالعُسْرِ وَاليُسْرِ، حِينَ قُلْتُمْ سَمِعْنَا مَا أَمَرْتَنَا بِهِ، وَمَا نَهَيْتَنَا عَنْهُ، وَأطَعْنَاكَ فِيهِ فَلاَ نَعْصِيكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ، وَكُلُّ مَا جِئْتَنَا بِهِ فَهُوَ مَعْرُوفٌ. وَاتَّقُوا اللهَ فَلاَ تَنْقُضُوا عَهْدَهُ، وَلاَ تُخَالِفُوا مَا أَمَرَكُمْ بِهِ، وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ، إنَّ اللهَ لاَ يَخْفَى عَلَيهْ شَيءٌ مِمَّا أضْمَرَهُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُمْ مِمَّنْ أخَذَ عَلَيْهِم المِيثَاقَ مِنَ الوَفَاءِ بِهِ، أوْ عَدَمِ الوَفَاءِ بِهِ، وَمَا تَنْطَوِي عَلَيهِ السَّرَائِرُ مِنَ الإِخْلاَصِ وَالرِّيَاءِ.

المِيثَاقُ – هُوَ البَيْعَةُ التِي كَانَ المُسْلِمُونَ يُبَايعُونَ رَسُولَ اللهِ عَلَيْها حِينَ إسْلاَمِهِمْ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 7

7. Remember, O believers, that beforehand you were sinners, and detested each other. Thanks to Allah, you have become brothers who love each other. Remember the pact which you concluded with Allah when you agreed in the presence of the prophet to listen to him and obey him, in all things both agreeable and disagreeable, in good times and in bad. Remember when you said to him: “We have heard what you have commanded us to do and forbidden us to do. We have obeyed you. We will not depart from your wise precepts which enjoin us to do good. For what you teach us is good.” Fear Allah and do not violate the pact that you have made with Him. Do not break His commandments, and do not commit acts which He has forbidden. Allah knows each of you to the depths of your heart, and knows whether each one of you who has made a pact with Him has the intention of remaining true to your commitment. The sincerity or hypocrisy deep within you cannot escape His eye.

{يَا أَيُّهَآ ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ كُونُواْ قَوَّامِينَ للَّهِ شُهَدَآءَ بِٱلْقِسْطِ وَلاَ يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ عَلَىۤ أَلاَّ تَعْدِلُواْ ٱعْدِلُواْ هُوَ أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَىٰ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ}

{يَا أَيُّهَآ} {آمَنُواْ} {قَوَّامِينَ} {شَنَآنُ}

(8) – يَا أَيُّهَا الذِينَ آمَنُوا لِيَكُنْ هَمُّكُمْ وَدَأبُكُمُ التِزَامَ الحَقِّ فِي أنْفُسِكُمْ (بِدُونِ اعْتِدَاءٍ عَلَى أحَدٍ)، وَفِي غَيْرِكُمْ (بِالأمْرِ بِالمَعْرُوفِ وَالنَّهْي عَنِ المُنْكَرِ ابْتَغَاءَ مَرْضَاةِ اللهِ وَحْدَهُ، لاَ لأجْلِ إرْضَاءِ النَّاسِ، وَاكْتِسَابِ السُّمْعَةِ الحَسَنَةِ عِنْدَهُمْ)، وَكُونُوا شُهَدَاءَ بِالعَدْلِ (القِسْطِ)، دُونَ مُحَابَاةٍ لِمَشْهُودٍ لَهُ، وَلا لِمَشْهُودٍ عَلَيهِ، فَالعَدْلُ مِيزَانُ الحُقُوقِ، وَمَتَى وَقعَ الجُوْرُ فِي أُمَّةٍ، زَالَتِ الثِّقَةُ مِنْ نُفُوسِ النَّاسِ، وَانْتَشَرَتِ المُفَاسِدُ، وَتَقَطَّعَتْ رَوَابِطُ المُجْتَمَعِ. وَلا تَحْمِلَنَّكُمْ عَدَاوَتُكُمُ الشَّدِيدَةُ لِقَوْمٍ، وَبُغْضُكُمْ لَهُمْ عَلَى عَدَمِ العَدْلِ فِي أمْرِ الشَّهَادَةِ لَهُمْ بِحَقِّهِمْ إذَا كَانُوا أصْحَابَ حَقٍّ، أوْ عَلَى عَدَمِ الحُكْمِ لَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ، فَالمُؤْمِنُ يُؤْثِرُ العَدْلَ علَى الجَوْرِ وَالمُحَابَاةِ. ثُمَّ يُؤَكِّدُ اللهُ تَعَالَى أمْرَهُ السَّابِقَ بِضَرُورَةِ إقَامَةِ العَدْلِ، وَأدَاءِ الشَّهَادَةِ بِالقِسْطِ فَيَقُولُ: اعْدِلُوا لأنَّ العَدْلَ أقْرَبُ لِتَقْوَى اللهِ، وَأبْعَدُ عَنْ سَخْطِهِ، وَاتَّقُوا سَخَطَ اللهِ وَعِقَابَهُ لأنَّهُ لاَ يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ شَيءٌ مِنْ أَعْمَالِكُمْ ظَاهِرَهَا وَبَاطِنِهَا، وَاحْذَرُوا أنْ يُجَازِيَكُمْ بِالعَدْلِ عَلَى تَرْكِكُمُ القِيَامَ بِالعَدْلِ.

شُهَدَاءَ بِالقِسْطِ – شَاهِدِينَ بِالعَدْلِ.
لاَ يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ – لاَ يَحْمِلَنَّكُمْ.
شَنآنُ قَوْمٍ – بُغْضُكُمْ لَهُمْ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 8

8. You who believe, take care to work constantly on the side of truth, whether it be in matters relating to yourself (without harming anyone) or in matters related to others (preaching goodness and preventing evil, so as to please Allah alone, and not in order to please men or to gain a good reputation in their eyes). Be impartial when you bear witness, and do not be guided by prejudice either for or against the person concerned. For fairness is the balance upon which justice depends, and when an injustice is committed at the heart of a society the people’s confidence is eroded, corruption spreads, and the bonds uniting the people dissolve. Do not allow the deep hostility and hatred that you feel towards certain people to cause you to bear false witness against them, and do not refrain from giving evidence in their favour if they have a right to it. For a true believer prefers fairness to injustice and bias. Allah Almighty then repeats His earlier injunction to hold fast to justice and be impartial in giving evidence: “Be just. In that way you remain closest to piety and you shield yourself from the wrath and punishment of Allah. Avoid Allah’s anger and His punishment, for none of your latent or overt actions escapes Him. Beware that He does not mete out a just punishment to you because you yourselves have abandoned justice.”

{وَعَدَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُم مَّغْفِرَةٌ وَأَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ}

{آمَنُواْ} {ٱلصَّالِحَاتِ}

(9) – وَعَدَ اللهُ الذِينَ آمَنُوا بِهِ وَبِكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ.. وَعَمِلُوا الأعْمَالَ الصَّالِحَةَ التِي يَرْضَاهَا رَبُّهُمْ (مِثْلَ العَدْلِ، وَالأمْرِ بِالمَعْرُوفِ، وَالنَّهيِ عَنِ المُنْكَرِ، وَمُرَاعَاةِ جَانِبِ اللهِ فِي أوَامِرِهِ وَنَوَاهِيهِ، فِي أنْفُسِهِمْ وَفِي رَوَابِطِهِم الاجْتِمَاعِيَّةِ)، بِأنَّهُ سَيَغْفِرُ لَهُمْ ذُنُوبَهُمْ، وَيَتَجَاوَزُ عَنْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ، وَيُثِيبُهُمْ بِالأجْرِ العَظِيمِ، وَهُوَ الجَزَاءُ المُضَاعَفُ عَلى الإِيمَانِ وَالعَمَلِ الصَّالِحِ، فَضْلاً مِنْهُ وَرَحْمَةً مِنْ لَدُنْهُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 9

9. To those who believe in Him, in His Books and His Messengers, and who practice goodness as prescribed by the Lord (such as holding fast to justice, making the good prevail, preventing evil, and respecting the bounds imposed by Allah by following His commandments and avoiding what He has forbidden, shunning wrongdoing, and maintaining good social relations), Allah promises that He will absolve them from the sins they may have committed and to reward them generously. That is part of His grace and mercy.

{وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَكَذَّبُواْ بِآيَاتِنَآ أُوْلَـۤئِكَ أَصْحَابُ ٱلْجَحِيمِ}

{بِآيَاتِنَآ} {أُوْلَـۤئِكَ} {أَصْحَابُ}

(10) – أمَّا الذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِاللهِ وَبِرُسُلِهِ كُلِّهِمْ أوْ بَعْضِهِمْ، وَكَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِ اللهِ (سَوَاءٌ مِنْهَا التِي أنْزَلَها عَلَى رُسُلِهِ، أَوْ التِي أقَامَهَا فِي الأنْفُسِ وَالآفَاقِ، لِلدَّلاَلَةِ عَلَى وُجُودِهِ وَوَحْدَانِيَّتِهِ وَكَمَالِ قُدْرَتِهِ، وَعَلَى صِدْقِ رُسُلِهِ فِيمَا يُبلِّغُونَ عَنْهُ) فَسَيَكُونُونَ مِنْ أهْلِ النَّارِ فِي الآخِرَةِ، وَلَنْ يَجِدُوا لَهُمْ نَاصِراً وَلا مُنْقِذاً مِنْ دُونِ اللهِ.

الجَحِيمِ – النَّارِ العَظِيمَةِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 10

10. On the other hand, those who have denied Allah and have rejected all or some of His Messengers, those who have impugned the signs of the Lord (be they signs which He has revealed through His messengers or those He has established deep in the souls of mankind or those in the universe which testify to His existence, His uniqueness, and His omnipotence, and the truth of His prophets’ messages), they will be consigned to hell on the Last Day and will find no one to succour them or save them, apart from Allah Himself.

{يَا أَيُّهَآ ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ ٱذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَتَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ هَمَّ قَوْمٌ أَن يَبْسُطُواْ إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ فَكَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنكُمْ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ}

{يَا أَيُّهَآ} {آمَنُواْ} {نِعْمَتَ}

(11) – رُوِيَ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عيه وسلم نَزَلَ مَنْزِلاً، وَتَفَرَّقَ النَّاسُ فِي العَضاةِ يَسْتَظِلُّونَ تَحْتَها، وَعَلَّق النَّبِيُّ سِلاَحَهُ عَلى شَجَرَةٍ، فَجَاءَ أعْرَابِيٌّ إلى سَيْفِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَأخَذَهُ وَسَلَّهُ، وَأقْبَلَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ فَقَالَ: مَنْ يَمْنَعَكَ مِنِّي؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم: اللهُ. وَكَرَّرَ الأعْرَابيّ مَقَالَتَهُ مَرَّتَينِ أوْ ثَلاَثاً، وَالنَّبِيُّ يُجِيبُهُ بِقَوْلِهِ: اللهُ. فَرَدَّ الأَعْرَابِيُّ السَّيْفَ إلى مَكَانِهِ فَأنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الآيَةَ.

وَقِيلَ أيْضاً: إنَّ اليَهُودَ حَاوَلُوا قَتْلَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أكْثَرَ مِنْ مَرَّةٍ، فَأنْجَاهُ اللهُ مِنْهُمْ وَخَذَلَهُمْ.

وَفِي هَذِهِ الآيَةِ تَذْكِيرٌ لِلْمُؤْمِنينَ بِنِعْمَةِ اللهِ تَعَالَى عَلَيهِمْ إذْ دَفَعَ الشَّرَّ وَالمَكْرُوهَ عَنْ نَبِيِّهِمْ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَعَنْهُمْ، حِينما هَمَّ قَوْمٌ أنْ يَمُدُّوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ بِصُنُوفِ الشَّرِّ وَالإِيذَاءِ، فَكَفَّ اللهُ تَعَالَى بِلُطْفِهِ وَرَحْمَتِهِ أيْدِيَهُمْ عَنِ المُؤْمِنينَ، فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِيعُوا تَنْفِيذَ مَا هَمُّوا بِهِ.

وَيَأمُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى المُؤْمِنِينَ بِأنْ يَتَّقُوهُ، وَهُوَ تَعَالَى الذِي أرَاهُمْ قُدْرَتَهُ عَلَى أعْدَائِهِمْ وَقْتَ ضَعْفِ المُؤْمِنينَ، وَقُوَّةِ أعْدَائِهِمْ، وَيَأمُرُهُمْ بِأنْ يَتَوَكَّلُوا عَلَيهِ وَحْدَهُ، بَعْدَ أنْ أرَاهُمْ عِنَايَتَهُ بِمَنْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ عَلَيهِ.

يَبْسُطُوا إلَيْكُمْ أيْدِيَهُمْ – يَبْطُشُوا بِكُمْ بِالقَتْلِ وَالإِهْلاَكِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 11

11. It is related that the Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) settled himself in his tent one day and the people dispersed to various shaded places. The Prophet (peace be upon him) hung his sabre on a tree. A bedouin came, seized the sword, unsheathed it, then went up to the Prophet and said: “Who can now defend you against me?” “Allah,” replied the Prophet (peace be upon him). The bedouin repeated the challenge a second and a third time, and the Prophet made the same reply: “Allah.” The bedouin then replaced the sabre on the tree, and Allah revealed this verse.

It is also related that the Jews tried several times to kill the prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him). Allah saved him and confounded the Jews.

In this verse, Allah reminds believers of the loving care He has shown towards them by protecting their Prophet and protecting them too against the harm certain people wished to bring upon them by doing them wrong. Through His grace and mercy, Allah Almighty protects believers against their enemies, who have not been able to carry out the injuries they had planned.

Allah Almighty enjoins believers to fear Him, who has manifested His great power against their enemies when the believers were weak and their enemies were strong. He orders them to place all their hopes in Him, since He has given proof that He will take care of those who trust in Him.

{وَلَقَدْ أَخَذَ ٱللَّهُ مِيثَاقَ بَنِيۤ إِسْرَآئِيلَ وَبَعَثْنَا مِنهُمُ ٱثْنَيْ عَشَرَ نَقِيباً وَقَالَ ٱللَّهُ إِنِّي مَعَكُمْ لَئِنْ أَقَمْتُمُ ٱلصَّلاَةَ وَآتَيْتُمُ ٱلزَّكَاةَ وَآمَنتُمْ بِرُسُلِي وَعَزَّرْتُمُوهُمْ وَأَقْرَضْتُمُ ٱللَّهَ قَرْضاً حَسَناً لأُكَفِّرَنَّ عَنْكُمْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ وَلأُدْخِلَنَّكُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلأَنْهَارُ فَمَن كَفَرَ بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ مِنْكُمْ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَآءَ ٱلسَّبِيلِ}

{مِيثَاقَ} {ۤ إِسْرَآئِيلَ} {لَئِنْ} {ٱلصَّلاَةَ} {وَآتَيْتُمُ} {ٱلزَّكَاةَ} {وَآمَنتُمْ} {جَنَّاتٍ} {ٱلأَنْهَارُ}

(12) – يَقُولُ تَعَالَى: إنَّهُ أخَذَ العُهُودَ وَالمَوَاثِيقَ عَلَى بَنِي إسْرَائِيلَ لَيَعْمَلُنَّ بِأحْكَامِ التَّورَاةِ التِي تَحْوي شَرِيعَتَهُمْ. وَأمَرَ مُوسَى عَلَيهِ السَّلاَمُ، بِأنْ يَخْتَارَ مِنْ كُلِّ سِبْطٍ، مِنْ أسْبَاطِ بَنِي إسْرَائِيلَ الاثْنَيِ عَشَرَ، نَقِيباً يَكُونُ كَفِيلاً عَلَى جَمَاعَتِهِ، بِالوَفَاءِ بِتَنْفِيذِ مَا أُمرُوا بِهِ، فَاخْتَارَ مُوسَى النُّقَبَاءَ، وَأخَذَ المِيثَاقَ وَتَكَفَّلَ لَهُ النُّقَبَاءُ بِالوَفَاءِ بِمَا الْتَزَمُوا بِهِ.

فَسَارَ بِهِمْ مُوسَى إلى الأرْضِ المُقَدَّسَةِ التِي وَعَدَهُمُ اللهُ السُّكْنَى فِيهَا، وَكَانَ فِيها الكَنْعَانِيُّونَ، فَلَمَّا دَنَا مِنْهَا بَعَثَ مُوسَى النُّقَبَاءَ يَتَحَسَّسُونَ الأخْبَارَ، فَرَأوا أجْسَامَ الكَنْعَانِيِّينَ قَوَّيةً، فَهَابُوهُمْ، وَرَجَعُوا يُحَدِّثُونَ قَوْمَهُمْ بِمَا رَأوا، وَكَانَ مُوسَى قَدْ نَهَاهُمْ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَنَكَثُوا المِيثَاقَ، وَلَمْ يَلْتَزِمْ بِهِ إلاَّ نَقِيبَانِ.

وَقَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى لِبَني إسْرَائِيلَ عَلَى لِسَان مُوسَى عَلَيهِ السَّلاَمُ: إنَّكُمْ بِحِفْظِي وَرِعَايَتِي، وَإنِّي نَاصِرُكُمْ وَمُعِينُكُمْ مَا دُمْتُمْ مُحَافِظِينَ عَلَى المِيثَاقِ، وَإني مَشْرِفٌ عَلَيكُمْ، وَمُبْصِرٌ لأَفْعَالِكُمْ، سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ بِضَمَائِرِكُمْ، وَقَادِرٌ عَلَى مُجَازَاتِكُمْ، فَإذا أقَمْتُمُ الصَّلاَةَ، وَأدَّيتُمُوهَا حَقَّ أدَائِها، وَدَفَعْتُمْ زَكَاةَ أَمْوَالِكُمْ، وَآمَنْتُمْ بِرُسُلِي جَمِيعاً، وَصَدَّقْتُمُوهُمْ فِيمَا جَاؤُوا بِهِ مِنَ الوَحْي، وَنَصْرَتُمُوهُمْ وَآزَرْتُمُوهُمْ عَلَى الحَقِّ (عَزَّرْتُمُوهُمْ)، وَأنْفَقْتُم الأمْوَالَ فِي سَبيلِ اللهِ، وَابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاتِهِ (أَقْرَضَتْمُ اللهَ)… إذَا فَعَلْتُمْ كُلَّ ذَلِكَ لأكَفِّرنَّ عَنْكُمْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ، وَأمْحُونَّ ذُنُوبَكُمْ، وَأسْتُرُهَا عَلَيكُمْ، وَلا أَؤاخِذُكُمْ عَلَيها وَلأدْخِلَنَّكُمْ فِي رَحْمَتِي، وَأسْكِنُكُمْ جَنَّتِي التِي تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَارُ. وَمَنْ خَالَفَ هَذا المِيثَاقَ بَعْدَ عَقْدِهِ وَتَوْكِيدِهِ، فَقَدْ أخْطأ الطَّرِيقَ الوَاضِحَ، وَعَدَلَ عَنِ الهُدَى إلى الضَّلالِ.

التَّعْزِيرُ – النُّصْرَةُ مَع التَّعْظِيمِ.
النَّقِيبُ – الشَّخْصُ يَخْتَارُهُ جَمَاعَتُهُ لِيَكُونَ كَفِيلاً عَلَيهِمْ.
قَرْضاً حَسَناً – احْتِسَاباً بِطِيبِ خَاطِرٍ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 12

12. Allah Almighty says that He received a covenant from the children of Israel to respect the precepts of the Torah, which contains their laws, and that He commanded Moses (peace be upon him) to choose from each of the twelve tribes of Israel a leader as a guarantor that all the members of his group would carry out His commands. Moses selected the leaders and exacted from them a promise to hold fast to their covenant. He then led them to the holy land which Allah had promised to them. It was at that time inhabited by Canaanites. When Moses drew near, he sent out the leaders to gather information. They discovered that the Canaanites had strong bodies, and they were filled with fear. They returned to tell their followers what they had seen. Moses had instructed them not to do this, but they violated the agreement they had made with him, all except two of them. Through Moses, Allah Almighty says to the children of Israel: “You are under my protection. I will grant you victory and I will support you as long as you hold fast to your covenant. You are under my supervision. I see all your actions and I hear and know all your most hidden thoughts. I am capable of punishing you. If you perform your prayers and act in the best possible way, if you disburse the prescribed alms, if you believe all of My messengers and everything that has been revealed to them, if you support them, if you place your wealth at the service of Allah in order to please Him, if you do all that, I will forgive you your offences and absolve your sins and overlook them. I will grant you My mercy and will welcome you into My paradise, through which run clear streams. Whoever violates this covenant, after having made and confirmed it, has renounced the true path and chosen the false one, and has gone astray.”

{فَبِمَا نَقْضِهِم مِّيثَاقَهُمْ لَعنَّاهُمْ وَجَعَلْنَا قُلُوبَهُمْ قَاسِيَةً يُحَرِّفُونَ ٱلْكَلِمَ عَن مَّوَاضِعِهِ وَنَسُواْ حَظًّا مِّمَّا ذُكِرُواْ بِهِ وَلاَ تَزَالُ تَطَّلِعُ عَلَىٰ خَآئِنَةٍ مِّنْهُمْ إِلاَّ قَلِيلاً مِّنْهُمُ فَٱعْفُ عَنْهُمْ وَٱصْفَحْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ}

{مِّيثَاقَهُمْ} {لَعنَّاهُمْ} {قَاسِيَةً} {خَائِنَةٍ}

(13) – فَبِسَبَبَ نَقْضِهِم المِيثَاقَ الذِي أخَذَهُ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمْ (وَمِنْهُ الإِيمَانُ بِكُلِّ نَبِيٍّ يُرْسِلُهُ اللهُ، وَنَصْرُهُ وَتَبْجيلُهُ) اسْتَحَقُّوا مَقْتَ اللهِ وَغَضَبَهُ، حَتَّى قَتَلُوا الأنْبِيَاءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ، وَافْتَرَوا عَلَى مَرْيَمَ، وَأَسَاؤُوا إلى عِيسَى، الذِي جَاءَ لإِصْلاَحِ مَا فَسَدَ مِنْ عَقَائِدِهِمِ وَأخْلاَقِهِمْ، وَحَاوَلُوا قَتْلَهُ، فَبِسَبَبِ جَمِيعِ مَا اقْتَرَفُوهُ مِنْ ذُنُوبٍ وَمَعَاصٍ جَعَلَ اللهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ قَاسِيَةً، فَلاَ يَتَّعِظُونَ بِمَوْعِظَةٍ لِغِلْظَةِ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَقَسْوَتِها، وَجَعَلَ أَفْهَامَهُمْ فَاسِدَةً فَسَاءَتْ تَصَرُّفَاتُهُمْ فِي آيَاتِ اللهِ، فَأخَذُوا فِي تَحْرِيفِها وَتَأوِيلِها عَلَى غَيْرِ مَا أنْزِلَتْ لَهُ، وَحَمَلُوهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ المُرَادِ مِنْهَا (يُحَرِّفُونَ الكَلِمَ عَنْ مَوَاضِعِهِ) وَتَرَكُوا العَمَلَ بِهَا رَغْبَةً عَنْهَا (نَسُوْا حَظّاً مِمَّا ذُكِّرُوا بِهِ)، وَلاَ تَزَالُ تَكْتَشِفُ مِنْ أكْثَرِهِمْ غَدْراً وَمَكْراً بِكَ وَبِأصْحَابِكَ (تَطَّلِعُ عَلَى خَائِنَةٍ مِنْهُمْ)، فَاعْفُ عَنْهُمْ وَاصْفَحْ، وَهذا هُوَ النَّصْرُ وَالظَّفَرُ، وَفِيهِ تَألُّفٌ لِقُلُوبِهِمْ، لَعَلَّ اللهَ أنْ يَهْدِيَهُمْ إلَى الحَقِّ، إنَّ اللهَ يُحِبُّ المُحْسِنِينَ.

(وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ إنَّ مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى – وَنَسُوا حَظّاً مِمَّا ذُكِّرُوا بِهِ – هُوَ أنَّهُمْ نَسُوا الكِتَابَ الذِي أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِمْ).

يُحَرِّفُونَ الكَلِمَ – يُؤَوِّلُونَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِ مَا أنْزِلَ بِهِ وَيَحْمِلُونَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِ المَعْنَى المَقْصُودِ بِهِ.
تَطَّلِعُ عَلَى خَائِنَةٍ – تَكْشِفُ مِنْهُمْ عَيْنَ غَدْرٍ وَخِيَانَةٍ.
نَسُوا حَظّاً – تَرَكُوا نَصِيباً وَافِراً.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 13

13. Because they reneged on the covenant which Allah had received from them (including the commitment to believe, support, and honour every prophet sent by the Lord), they fully merited the malediction of Allah and deserved His wrath. They even went so far as to murder His prophets, to defame Mary, and to crucify Jesus, who had come to rectify what had become corrupted in their religion and in their morality, and they even tried to kill him. Because they had committed all these sins and these acts of disobedience, Allah so hardened their hearts that they did not accept His advice and did not profit by His lessons. He caused their spirits to be so depraved that they misinterpreted Allah’s signs and interpreted them in ways contrary to Allah’s meaning. They turned from them and spurned them (they forgot a large part of the reminder sent to them). Like your companions, you will discover that most of them are treacherous and perfidious (and you will perceive yet another crime on their part). Pardon them however and do not hold it against them. Therein lies the victory, and the triumph. That is how affinity will develop in their hearts. Perhaps Allah will show them the true path. Allah loves those who are generous. (According to Ibn Abbas, Allah’s statement “They forgot a large part of the reminder sent to them” means that they have forgotten the Book which was revealed to them.)

{وَمِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُواْ إِنَّا نَصَارَىٰ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَهُمْ فَنَسُواْ حَظّاً مِّمَّا ذُكِرُواْ بِهِ فَأَغْرَيْنَا بَيْنَهُمُ ٱلْعَدَاوَةَ وَٱلْبَغْضَآءَ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ وَسَوْفَ يُنَبِّئُهُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَصْنَعُونَ}

{نَصَارَىٰ} {مِيثَاقَهُمْ} {ٱلْقِيَامَةِ}

(14) – وَكَذَلِكَ أخَذَ اللهُ تَعَالَى المِيثَاقَ مِنَ النَّصَارَى عَلَى الثَّبَاتِ عَلَى طَاعَتِهِ، وَالقِيَامِ بِمَا فَرَضَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَاتِّبَاعِ رُسُلِهِ، وَالتَّصْدِيقِ بِهِمْ، فَسَلَكُوا فِي مِيثَاقِ اللهِ طَرِيقَ اليَهُودِ، فَبَدَّلُوا دِينَهُمْ، وَنَقَضُوا المِيثَاقَ الذِي أَخَذَهُ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَنَسُوا حَظّاً كَبيراً مِنْ كِتابِهِمْ. وَسَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أنَّ المَسِيحَ عَلَيهِ السَّلاَمُ لَمْ يَكْتُبْ مَا ذَكَّرَهُمْ بِهِ مِنَ المَواعِظِ، وَتَوحِيدِ اللهِ وَتَنْزِيهِهِ، وَلاَ طُرُقَ الإِرْشَادِ إلى عِبَادَةِ اللهِ، وَكَانَ الذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ مِنَ العَامَّةِ (الحَوَارِيُّونَ كَانُوا مِنَ الصَّيَّادِينَ)، وَاشْتَدَّ اليَهُودُ فِي مُطَارَدَتِهِمْ فَتَفَرَّقُوا، وَلَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُمْ جَمَاعَاتٌ ذَاتُ قُوَّةٍ وَنُفُوذٍ وَعِلْمٍ تُدَوِّنُ مَا حَفِظُوهُ مِنَ الإِنْجِيلِ. وَالإِنْجِيلُ لَمْ يُكْتَبْ إلاَّ بَعْدَ ثَلاَثَةِ قُرُونٍ عِنْدَمَا دَخَلَ قِسْطَنْطِينُ في النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ سَبَبَاً فِي تَفَرُّقِهِمْ وَتَعَادِيهِمْ، وَاخْتِلاَفِهِمْ شِيَعاً وَطَوَائِفَ، كُلُّ فِئَةٍ تُكَفِّرُ الأخْرَى وَتُعَادِيها.

وَيَقُولُ تَعَالَى: إِنَّهُ ألْقَى بَيْنَهُمُ العَدَاوَةَ وَالبَغْضَاءَ بِسَبَبِ ذَلِكَ، وَلاَ يَزَالُونَ مُخْتَلِفِينَ حَتَّى قِيامِ السَّاعَةِ.

وَيَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ يُنْبِئُهُمُ اللهُ بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ فِي الدُّنْيَا، وَبِمَا اقْتَرَفُوهُ مِنَ الكَذِبِ عَلَى اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَبِمَا نَسَبُوا إلَيهِ مِنْ أنَّ لَهُ صَاحِبَةً وَوَلَداً سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى.

فَأغْرَيْنَا – هَيَّجْنَا وَحَرَّشْنَا.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 14

14. Allah thus received the promise of the Christians to obey Him totally, to hold fast to their commitments, to follow His messengers and believe in them. Their attitude with regard to the pact concluded with Him is, however, similar to that of the Jews. They have modified their religion, violated their commitment to Allah, and forgotten a large part of their Book. The reason for this is that the Messiah did not write down the precepts he came to remind them of, notably the fact of worshipping one Allah, unique and infallible, and the rites to be performed when worshipping the Lord. His disciples were ordinary people (indeed, the apostles were fishermen). The Jews set upon them to persecute them, and they disbanded. They were not powerful, and they lacked both the influence and the expertise to write down what they had learned from the Messiah. The Gospels were not written down until three centuries later, when Constantine was converted to Christianity. That was the reason for their dispersal and their internal enmity. They divided into various groups and sects, each accusing the others of disbelief, and treating each other as foes.

Allah Almighty says that He therefore sowed enmity and hate amongst them. And they will remain in discord until the Day of Resurrection. On that day, Allah will describe to them their actions during their lives here on earth, and the lies perpetrated by them concerning Allah and His messengers, in ascribing a companion and a son to Him. Glory be to Allah.

{يَا أَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَابِ قَدْ جَآءَكُمْ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ كَثِيراً مِّمَّا كُنْتُمْ تُخْفُونَ مِنَ ٱلْكِتَابِ وَيَعْفُواْ عَن كَثِيرٍ قَدْ جَآءَكُمْ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ نُورٌ وَكِتَابٌ مُّبِينٌ}

{يَا أَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَابِ} {ٱلْكِتَابِ} {وَيَعْفُواْ} {كِتَابٌ}

(15) – يَا أهْلَ الكِتَابِ إنَّا أرْسَلْنَا مُحَمَّداً رَسُولَ اللهِ، وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَكُمْ كَثِيراً مِنَ الأحْكَامِ التي أنْزَلَهَا اللهُ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالإِنْجِيلِ، وَكُنْتُمْ تُخْفُونَهَا (كَالرَّجْمِ للزّانِي المُحْصِنِ، وَكَصِفَاتِ مُحَمَّدِ، وَالبشَارَةِ بِهِ التِي حَرَّفْتُمُوهَا وَحَمَلْتُمُوهَا عَلَى مَعَانٍ أخْرَى، وَمِثْلِ الأحْكَامِ التِي أخْفَيْتُمُوهَا وَنَسِيتُمُوهَا كَنِسْيَانِ اليَهُودِ مَا جَاءَ فِي التَّورَاةِ مِنْ أخْبَارِ الحِسَابِ وَالجَزَاءِ فِي الآخِرَةِ، وَقَدْ أظْهَرَ الرَّسُولُ لَهُمْ كَلَّ ذَلِكَ) وَمَعَ هَذا فَقَدْ كَانَ الرَّسُولُ الكَرِيمُ يَعْفُو عَنْ كَثِيرٍ مِمَّا كَانُوا يُحْفُونَهُ، وَلا يُظْهِرُ الكَثِيرَ مِمَّا كَانُوا يِكْتُمُونَهُ.

ثُمَّ يَقُولُ تَعَالَى مُخَاطِباً أهْلَ الكِتَابِ: إِنَّهُمْ قَدْ جَاءَهُمْ نُورٌ مِنَ اللهِ وَكِتَابٌ مُبِينٌ، فَالنُّورُ هُوَ النَّبِيُّ الذِي لَوْلاَ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ مِنَ الهُدَى وَالقُرْآنِ، لَمَا عَرَفُوا الدِّينَ الحَقَّ، وَلاَ مَا طَرَأَ عَلَى التَّوْرَاةِ وَالإِنْجِيلِ مِنْ تَبْدِيلٍ وَتَحْرِيفٍ، وَالكِتَابُ هُوَ القُرآنُ.

نُورٌ – هُوَ مُحَمَّدٌ صلى الله عليه وسلم.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 15

15. O people of the Book, we have sent Mohammad (peace be upon him) as a messenger and the last of the prophets to indicate to you many of the precepts revealed by Allah in the Torah and the Gospels and which you were suppressing (such as stoning adulterers to death, the qualities of Mohammad (peace be upon him), the fact that his coming was foretold in those Books, which you have falsified and misinterpreted, also the precepts that you have concealed and forgotten, just as the Jews have forgotten what the Torah reveals about the Last Judgement and retribution on the Day of Resurrection. The Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) has fully shown them all that.) The noble Prophet pardoned them for much of what they had suppressed, and did not reveal the full extent of their concealment.

Addressing Himself to the peoples of the Book, Allah Almighty tells them that a light and an explicit Book have been sent to them by Allah. The light is the Prophet who brought them the Quran and showed them the true path, without which they could not have known the true religion or become aware of the modifications and falsifications to which the Torah and Gospels had been subjected. The Book is the Quran.

{يَهْدِي بِهِ ٱللَّهُ مَنِ ٱتَّبَعَ رِضْوَانَهُ سُبُلَ ٱلسَّلاَمِ وَيُخْرِجُهُمْ مِّنِ ٱلظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى ٱلنُّورِ بِإِذْنِهِ وَيَهْدِيهِمْ إِلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ}

{رِضْوَانَهُ} {ٱلسَّلاَمِ} {ٱلظُّلُمَاتِ} {صِرَاطٍ}

(16) – يَهْدِي اللهُ بِالقُرْآنِ، مَنْ أرَادَ اتِّبَاعَ رِضْوَانَ رَبِّهِ، إلى طَرِيقِ الجَنَّةِ وَالسَّلاَمَةِ، وَمَناهِجِ الاسْتِقَامَةِ، وَيُخْرَجُهُمْ مِنْ ظُلُمَاتِ الكُفْرِ وَالجَهْلِ وَالظُّلْمِ إلى نُورِ الإِيمَانِ وَالحَقِّ وَالعَدْلِ، بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِ، وَيَهْدِيهِمْ إلى الطَّرِيقِ القَوِيمِ.

صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ – طَرِيقٍ قَويمٍ، لاَ عِوَجَ فِيهِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 16

16. By means of the Quran, Allah guides all those who seek His grace on the path of righteousness towards paradise and salvation. He leads them, by His will, out of the darkness of disbelief, ignorance, and injustice, towards the light of faith, truth, and justice, and He will direct them on the right path.

{لَّقَدْ كَفَرَ ٱلَّذِينَ قَآلُوۤاْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ ٱلْمَسِيحُ ٱبْنُ مَرْيَمَ قُلْ فَمَن يَمْلِكُ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ شَيْئاً إِنْ أَرَادَ أَن يُهْلِكَ ٱلْمَسِيحَ ٱبْنَ مَرْيَمَ وَأُمَّهُ وَمَن فِي ٱلأَرْضِ جَمِيعاً وَللَّهِ مُلْكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَآءُ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ}

{ٱلسَّمَاوَاتِ}

(17) – يَقُولُ تَعَالَى إنَّ الذِينَ قَالُوا: إنَّ المَسِيحَ عِيسَى بِنْ مَرْيَمَ هُوَ اللهُ، قَدْ كَفَرُوا بِذَلِكَ القَوْلِ، لأنَّ المَسْيحَ عَبْدٌ مِنْ عِبَادِ اللهِ، وَخَلْقٌ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ، فَقُلْ لَهُمْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ: مَنْ ذَا الذِي يَقْدِرُ أَنْ يَمْنَعَ المَسْيِحَ وَأُمَّهُ مِنَ اللهِ، وَأنْ يَحْمِيَهُمَا مِنْهُ إنْ أرَادَ اللهُ أنْ يُهْلِكَهُمَا؟ بَلْ مَنْ يَسْتَطِيعُ أنْ يَعْتَرِضَ سَبيلَ إرَادَةِ اللهِ إنْ أرَادَ أنْ يُهْلِكَ جَميعَ مَنْ فِي الأرْضِ مِنَ الخَلاَئِقِ؟ فَاللهُ هُوَ مَالِكُ السَّمَاواتِ وَالأرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا يَتَصَرَّفُ فِيهِمَا كَيْفَ يَشَاءُ، وَهُوَ القَادِرُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيءٍ يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاءُ وَلا مُعَقِّبَ عَلَى تَصَرُّفِهِ، فَإذا كَانَ الأمْرُ قَدِ التَبَسَ عَلَى هَؤُلاءِ بِسَبَبِ خَلْقِ عِيسَى مِنْ دُونِ أبٍ، فَإنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى خَلَقَ آدَمَ مِنْ دُونِ أبٍ وَلا أمٍّ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 17

17. Allah says they are unbelievers who assert that Jesus the Messiah, son of Mary, is himself Allah. For the Messiah is the servant of Allah and part of His creation. Say to them, Mohammad (peace be upon him): “If Allah had wished to destroy the Messiah and his mother, who could have defended them against Him? Indeed, who could prevent Allah even if He wished to destroy every single inhabitant on earth? For to Allah alone belongs control over the entire realm of the heavens and the earth and all that lies between. He does with them whatsoever He wishes. He is Omnipotent. He creates whatsoever He wishes, and no one can call Him to account. If the fact that Jesus was created without a father has led some people into confusion, let them recall that Adam was created with neither father nor mother.”

{وَقَالَتِ ٱلْيَهُودُ وَٱلنَّصَٰرَىٰ نَحْنُ أَبْنَٰؤُاْ ٱللَّهِ وَأَحِبَّٰؤُهُ قُلْ فَلِمَ يُعَذِّبُكُم بِذُنُوبِكُم بَلْ أَنتُمْ بَشَرٌ مِمَّنْ خَلَقَ يَغْفِرُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَللَّهِ مُلْكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا وَإِلَيْهِ ٱلْمَصِيرُ}

{وَٱلنَّصَارَىٰ} {أَبْنَاءُ} {وَأَحِبَّاؤُهُ} {ٱلسَّمَاوَاتِ}

(18) – قَالَ كُلٌّ مِنَ اليَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى نَحْنُ مُنْتَسِبُونَ إلى أنْبِيَاءِ اللهِ، وَهُمْ بَنُوهُ، وَلَهُ بِهِمْ عِنَايَةٌ، وَهُوَ يُحِبُّنَا.

وَأوْرَدُوا فِي كِتَابِهِمْ أنَّ اللهَ قَالَ لِعَبْدِهِ إِسْرَائِيلَ (يَعْقُوبَ) أنْتَ ابْنِي البِكْرُ. فَحَمَلُوا هَذا القَوْلَ عَلَى غَيْرِ تَأوِيلِهِ وَحَرَّفُوهُ. وَقَدْ رَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ عُقَلائِهِمْ: إنَّ هذا القَوْلَ يُطْلَقُ عِنْدَهُمْ عَلَى سَبيلِ التَّكْرِيمِ وَالتَّشْرِيفِ.

وَوَرَدَ فِي الإِنجيلِ: إنَّ المَسِيحَ قَالَ لَهُمْ: إنِّي ذَاهِبٌ إلى أبي وَأبِيكُمْ، يَعْنِي رَبِّي وَرَبِّكُمْ.

وَيَقُولُ اللهُ تَعَالَى لِمُحَمَّدٍ رَدّاً عَلَى أقْوالِ هَؤُلاءِ وَهَؤُلاءِ أنْ يَقُولَ لَهُمْ: لَوْ كَنْتُمْ كَمَا تَدَّعُونَ أبْنَاءَ اللهِ وَأحِبَّاءَهُ فَلِمَ أعَدَّ اللهُ لَكُمْ جَهَنَّمَ جَزَاءً لَكُمْ عَلَى كُفْرِكُمْ وَكَذِبِكُمْ وَافِتِرائِكُمْ؟ بَلْ أنْتُمْ بَشَرٌ مِمَّنْ خَلَقَ اللهُ، وَلَكُمْ أسْوَةٌ بِأمْثَالِكُمْ، وَهُوَ سَبْحَانَهُ خَالِقُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ، وَالحَاكِمُ المَتَصَرِّفُ فِي جَمِيعِ عِبَادِهِ، فَيَغْفِرُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ، وَيُعَذِّبُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ، وَلا مَعَقِّبَ عَلَى حُكْمِهِ، وَهُوَ سَريعُ الحِسَابِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 18

18. The Jews and Christians say: “We are the descendants of the prophets of Allah. They are His sons. He covers them with grace and loves us.” They point out that in their Book Allah says to His servant Israel (Jacob): “You are my firstborn son.” They have misinterpreted and falsified this statement. Many of their sages have commented that such remarks are often made to confer honour on a person. In the Gospel one finds: “Jesus said unto them, ‘I am going to my father and yours,’” meaning “my Allah and yours.”

Allah Almighty tells Mohammad (peace be upon him) to reply to those who make such claims: “If, as you claim, you are the children and well-beloved of Allah, why has Allah created hell in order to punish your disbelief, your lies, and your libels? You are, rather, human beings like all those He has created. You will be treated just like everyone else. Allah is the Creator of the heavens and the earth. He is the absolute ruler of all His servants. He pardons whomsoever He wishes and punishes whomsoever He wishes, and His judgement is incontestable. He is swift in His punishment.”

{يَا أَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَابِ قَدْ جَآءَكُمْ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ عَلَىٰ فَتْرَةٍ مِّنَ ٱلرُّسُلِ أَن تَقُولُواْ مَا جَآءَنَا مِن بَشِيرٍ وَلاَ نَذِيرٍ فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَشِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ}

{يَا أَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَابِ}

(19) – يَقُولُ تَعَالَى لأهْلِ الكِتَابِ إِنَّهُ أرْسَلَ إلَيْهِمْ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولاً بَعْدَ مُدَّةٍ مُتَطَاوِلَةٍ مَا بَيْنَ إرْسَالِ عِيسَى وَإِرْسَالِهِ، لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهَا رَسُولٌ (عَلَى فَتْرَةٍ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ)، فَانْطَمَسَتْ سُبُلُ الهُدَى، وَتَغَيَّرَتِ الأدْيَان، وَكَثُرَ عُبَّادُ الأوْثَانِ وَالنِّيرَانِ، وَقَدْ بَعَثَهُ اللهُ إلى أهلِ الكِتَابِ، بَعْدَ أنْ بَشَّرَهُمْ بِهِ فِي الكُتُبِ التي أنْزَلَهَا عَلَى أنْبِيائِهِمْ، وَأَخْبَرَهُمْ بِهِ أنْبِيَاؤُهُمْ، وَذَلِكَ لِكَيْلا يَحْتَجُّوا وَيَقُولُوا: مَا جَاءَنا رَسُولٌ يُبَشِّرُ بِالخَيْرِ وَيُنْذِرُ بِالشَّرِّ. فَها قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ مُحَمَّدٌ بَشِيراً وَنَذِيراً، وَاللهُ قَدِيرٌ عَلَى عِقَابِ مَنْ عَصَاهُ، وَعَلَى إثَابَةِ مَنْ أطَاعَهُ.

عَلَى فَتْرَةٍ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ – بَعْدَ مُدَّةٍ طَويلةٍ لَمْ يَأتِ فِيهَا رُسُلٌ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 19

19. Allah tells the people of the Book that He sent Mohammad (peace be upon him) to them as a prophet after Jesus and after a long period devoid of prophets, for the reason that the paths of truth had been obliterated, religions had been modified, and idolaters and fire-worshippers had proliferated. Allah sent Mohammad (peace be upon him) to the people of the Book after having revealed the glad tidings of his coming in Books revealed to their prophets and announced by them, so that the people could not complain, saying: “No messenger has come to proclaim the good and warn us against evil.” Well, then! Here is Mohammad (peace be upon him), who has been sent to you as a bearer of glad tidings and to warn you against evil. Allah is capable of punishing whosoever transgresses His commandments, and of rewarding whosoever obeys Him.

{وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِ يَاقَوْمِ ٱذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ جَعَلَ فِيكُمْ أَنْبِيَآءَ وَجَعَلَكُمْ مُّلُوكاً وَآتَاكُمْ مَّا لَمْ يُؤْتِ أَحَداً مِّن ٱلْعَٱلَمِينَ}

{يَاقَوْمِ} {وَآتَاكُمْ} {ٱلْعَٱلَمِينَ}

(20) – وَاذْكُرْ يَِا مُحَمَّدُ لأهْلِ الكِتَابِ، وَأَنْتَ تُبِلِّغُهُمْ دَعْوَةَ رَبِّهِمِ، مَا قَالَهُ مُوسَى لِقَوْمِهِ، وَمَا ذَكَّرَهُمْ بِهِ مِنْ أَنْعُمِ اللهِ وَأفْضَالِهِ عَلَيهِمْ، بِمَا جَمَعَهُ لَهُمْ مِنْ خَيْرِ الدُّنْيَا وَالآخِرَةِ، لَوِ اسْتَقَامُوا عَلَى الهُدَى، فَقَدْ جَعَلَ الأَنْبِياءَ فِيهِمْ، كُلَّمَا هَلَكَ نَبِيٌّ قَامَ فِيهِمْ نَبِيٌّ يَدْعُوهُم إلى اللهِ، وَيُحَذِّرُهُمْ نِقَمَهُ، وَأنَّهُ تَعَالَى قَدْ جَعَلَهُمْ مُلُوكاً (بِمَعْنَى أنَّ وَاحِدَهُمْ يَمْلِكُ نَفْسَهُ وَمَالَهُ وَأهْلَهُ – وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: كَانَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ بَنِي إسْرَائِيلَ إذَا كَانَتْ لَهُ زَوْجَةٌ وَخَادِمٌ وَدَارٌ سُمِّيَ مَلِكاً). وَأنَّهُ تَعَالَى آتَاهُمْ مَا لَمْ يُؤْتِ أحَداً مِنَ العَالَمِينَ مِنْ أهْلِ زَمَانِهِمْ، فَقَدْ أنْزَلَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمْ المَنَّ وَالسَّلْوَى، وَظَلَّلَهُمْ بِالغَمَامِ فِي مَسِيرَتِهِمْ فِي صَحْرَاءِ سِينَاءَ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 20

20. Mohammad (peace be upon him), when you transmit the message of Allah to the people of the Book, remember what Moses said to his people when he reminded them of the favours and benefits that Allah had lavished upon them, and how He could have united in their favour the rewards of this world and the next, if they had persevered in following the path of righteousness. In fact, He sent prophets amongst them, and if a prophet perished He sent yet another to preach the word of Allah to them and to put them on their guard. He made them kings (that is, each of them was free to dispose of his person, his goods, and his family. Ibn Abbas says: “If one of the children of Israel had a wife, a servant, and a dwelling, he was called ‘king’.”) Moses (peace be upon him) told them that Allah had granted them favours that He had accorded to nobody else at that time. He had sent them manna and quails, and shaded them with dense clouds when they crossed the Sinai.

{يَٰقَوْمِ ٱدْخُلُوا ٱلأَرْضَ ٱلمُقَدَّسَةَ ٱلَّتِي كَتَبَ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَلاَ تَرْتَدُّوا عَلَىٰ أَدْبَارِكُمْ فَتَنْقَلِبُوا خَٰسِرِينَ}

{يَاقَوْمِ} {خَاسِرِينَ}

(21) – ثُمَّ أخْبَرَ اللهُ تَعَالَى أنَّ مُوسَى قَالَ لِقَوْمِهِ مُحَرِّضاً إيَّاهُمْ عَلَى الجِهَادِ لِلاسْتِيلاءِ عَلَى الأرْضِ المُقَدَّسَةِ (أي المُطَّهَرَةِ مِنْ عِبَادَةِ الأَوْثَانِ لِمَا بَعَثَ اللهُ فِيها مِنَ الأنْبِيَاءِ الدُّعَاةِ إلى التَّوحِيدِ)، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: يَا قَوْم سِيرُوا إلى الأرْضِ المُقَدَّسَةِ التِي وَعَدَ اللهُ أبَاكُمْ إبْرَاهِيمَ بأنْ يُسْكِنَ فِيها مَنْ آمَنَ مِنْ نَسْلِهِ، وَلاَ تَرْجِعُوا – بَعْدَ الذِي جِئْتُكُمْ بِهِ مِنَ التَّوْحِيدِ وَالهُدَى – إلَى الوَثَنِيَّةِ وَالفَسَادِ فِي الأرْضِ المُقَدَّسَةِ وَالبَغْي وَاتِّبَاعِ الأهْوَاءِ، فَإِنَّ فِي هذا الرُّجُوعِ خُسْراناً لَكُمْ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 21

21. Almighty Allah then says that, in order to exhort His people in their struggle to take possession of the sanctified land (in the sense that it was purified of idolatry, since Allah had sent so many prophets preaching monotheism), Moses told them: “O my people, direct your steps towards the holy land where Allah has promised your father Abraham to house the believers among his offspring. Now that I have revealed monotheism to you and indicated the true path to you, do not revert to idolatry and corruption and impropriety in the holy land. Do not surrender to your passions, or you will run headlong into perdition.”

{قَالُوا يَامُوسَىٰ إِنَّ فِيهَا قَوْماً جَبَّارِينَ وَإِنَّا لَن نَّدْخُلَهَا حَتَّىٰ يَخْرُجُواْ مِنْهَا فَإِن يَخْرُجُواْ مِنْهَا فَإِنَّا دَاخِلُونَ}

{يَامُوسَىٰ} {دَاخِلُونَ}

(22) – فَاعْتَذَرُوا عَنْ دُخُولِ البَلَدِ بِأَنَّ فِيها قَوْماً جَبَّارِينَ ذَوي خِلَقٍ هَائِلَةٍ، وَأجْسَامٍ ضَخْمَةٍ، وَقُوى شَدِيدةٍ، وَأنَّهُمْ لاَ يَقْدِرُونَ عَلَى قِتَالِهِمْ، وَلاَ يُمْكِنُهُمُ الدُّخُولُ إليها، مَا دَامَ الجَبَّارُونَ فِيها، فَإِنْ خَرَجُوا مِنْهَا، دَخَلَها قَوْمُ مُوْسَى، وَإلاَّ فَإِنَّهُمْ لاَ طَاقَةَ لَهُمْ بِقِتَالِ الجَبَّارِينَ.

الجَبَّارُ – هُوَ القَوِيّ العَاتِي الذِي يُجْبِرُ غَيْرَهُ عَلَى فِعْلِ مَا يُرِيدُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 22

22. They refused to enter into that land on the pretext that it was occupied by a race of giants with terrible features and enormous, powerful bodies; they told Moses that they were incapable of fighting against such creatures and that therefore they would not enter the country so long as it was inhabited by these giants. If, however, these monstrous beings were to quit the holy land, they could enter; otherwise, they had no power to fight against them.

{قَالَ رَجُلاَنِ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَخَافُونَ أَنْعَمَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمَا ٱدْخُلُواْ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْبَابَ فَإِذَا دَخَلْتُمُوهُ فَإِنَّكُمْ غَالِبُونَ وَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَتَوَكَّلُوۤاْ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ}

{غَالِبُونَ}

(23) – فَلَمَّا نَكَلَ بَنُو إسْرَائِيلَ عَنْ إطَاعَةِ أمْرِ رَبِّهِمْ، وَمُتَابَعَةِ مُوسَى، حَرَّضَهُمْ رَجُلاَنِ، للهِ عَلَيْهِمَا نِعْمَةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ، وَهُمَا مِمَّنْ يَخَافُ اللهُ وَيَخْشَى عِقَابَهُ، فَقَالاَ لِقَوْمِهِمَا: إنْ تَوَكَّلْتُمْ عَلَى اللهِ، وَتَبِعْتُمْ أمْرَهُ، وَوَافَقْتُمْ رَسُولَهُ، نَصَرَكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ عَلى أعْدَائِكُمْ، وَأيَّدَكُمْ وَأظْفَرَكُمْ بِهِمْ، وَدَخَلْتُمُ البَلَدَ الذِي كَتَبَ اللهُ لَكُمُ السُّكْنَى فِيها، فَلَمْ يَنْفَعْ فِيهِمْ هذا القَوْلُ شَيئاً.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 23

23. When the children of Israel refused to obey their Lord’s command and follow Moses, two men exhorted them to obey. They were greatly favoured by the beneficence of Allah, they feared Him, and had learned to beware of His punishment. They said to their people: “If you put your trust in the Lord, if you obey His commandments and follow His messenger, Allah will grant you victory. He will support you and make you triumph over your enemies. And thus you will enter into that land which Allah has assigned to you.” But these exhortations had no influence upon them.

{قَالُواْ يَامُوسَىۤ إِنَّا لَنْ نَّدْخُلَهَآ أَبَداً مَّا دَامُواْ فِيهَا فَٱذْهَبْ أَنتَ وَرَبُّكَ فَقَاتِلاۤ إِنَّا هَاهُنَا قَاعِدُونَ}

{يَامُوسَىۤ} {فَقَاتِلاۤ} {هَاهُنَا} {قَاعِدُونَ}

(24) – وَلَكِنَّ بَنِي إسْرَائِيلَ أصَرُّوا عَلَى النُّكُولِ عَنِ الجِهَادِ، وَعَلَى مُخَالَفَةِ رَسُولِهِمْ، فَقَالوُا لَهُ: إنَّهُمْ لَنْ يَدْخُلُوا البَلَدَ مَا دَامَ الجَبَّارُونَ مُقِيمِينَ فِيهَا، فَإِذا أصَرَّ مُوسَى عَلَى الجِهَادِ فَلْيَذْهَبْ هُوَ وَرَبُّهُ فَلْيُقَاتِلاَ الجَبَّارِينَ، وَهُمْ يَنْتَظِرُونَ نَتِيجَةَ المَعْرَكَةِ قَاعِدِينَ، حَيْثُ هُمْ يُقِيمُونَ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 24

24. The children of Israel persisted in shrinking from the fight and in disobeying the orders of their prophet. They answered him: “Moses, we will never enter that land as long as the giants are there. If you insist, go there yourself, you and your Allah. Fight them. The rest of us will remain at our ease here and await the outcome of the battle.”

{قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي لاۤ أَمْلِكُ إِلاَّ نَفْسِي وَأَخِي فَٱفْرُقْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ ٱلْقَوْمِ ٱلْفَاسِقِينَ}

{ٱلْفَاسِقِينَ}

(25) – فَلَمَّا نَكَلُوا عَنِ القِتَالِ، غَضِبَ عَلَيْهِمْ مُوسَى، وَاتَّجَهَ إلى اللهِ بِالدُّعَاءِ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَبِّ لَيْسَ بَيْنَ هَؤُلاءِ مَنْ يُطِيعُنِي وَيُجِيبُنِي إلى تَنْفِيذِ مَا أَمَرْتَنِي بِهِ إلاَّ نَفْسِي وَأخي هَارُونَ، فَاقْضِ يَا رَبِّ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ هَؤُلاءِ القَوْمِ، الخَارِجِينَ عَلَى طَاعَتِكَ (الفَاسِقِينَ)، بِقَضَاءِ تَقْضِيهِ بَيْنَنَا، فَتَحْكُمَ لَنَا بِمَا نَسْتَحِقُّ، وَتَحْكُمَ لَهُمْ بِمَا يَسْتَحِقُّونَ.

(وَقِيلَ إنَّ المَعْنَى هُوَ: إنَّكَ إذَا أَخَذْتَهُمْ بِالعِقَابِ عَلَى فِسْقِهِمْ، وَخُرُوجِهِمْ عَنْ طَاعَتِكِ، فَلا تُعَاقِبْنا مَعَهُمْ).

فَافْرُقْ – فَافَصِلْ بِحُكْمِكَ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 25

25. Prevented thus from entering into battle, Moses was filled with anger against them, and appealed to Allah with these words: “Lord, not one of all these people is ready to obey me and no one is willing to carry out your orders except for myself and my brother Aaron. Separate us from these rebellious people. Judge us according to our own merits, and render them also the reward they deserve.” Some people interpret this verse as follows: “If you punish them for their wickedness and their disobedience, do not punish us with them.”

{قَالَ فَإِنَّهَا مُحَرَّمَةٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً يَتِيهُونَ فِي ٱلأَرْضِ فَلاَ تَأْسَ عَلَى ٱلْقَوْمِ ٱلْفَاسِقِينَ}

{ٱلْفَاسِقِينَ}

(26) – فَلَمَّا دَعَا مُوسَى عَلَيهم، حِينَ نَكَلُوا عَنِ الجِهَادِ، قَضَى اللهُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِأنْ حَرَّمَ عَلَيهِمْ دُخُولَها أربعينَ سَنَةً، يَتِيهُونَ خِلاَلَهَا فِي الأرْضِ (أيْ فِي صَحْراءِ سِينَاءَ)، وَيَبْقَوْنَ مُتَحَيِّرِينَ مُتَرَدِّدينَ، لاَ يَدْرُونَ مَصِيرَهُمْ، وَلاَ يَهْتَدُونَ إلى الخُرُوجِ مِمَّا هُمْ فِيهِ، خِلاَلَ المُدَّةِ التِي قَضَاهَا اللهُ عَلَيْهِمْ.

وَخِلاَلَ وُجُودِهِمْ فِي صَحْرَاءِ سِينَاءَ تُوُفِّي مُوسَى وَهَارُونُ، عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ، وَتَوَلَّى قِيَادَةَ بَني إسْرَائِيلَ يُوشَعُ بْنُ نُونٍ (وَهُوَ مِنْ نَسْلِ يُوسُفَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ) وَجَعَلَهُ الله نَبِيّاً فِيهِمْ، وَتُوُفِّيَ أكْثَرُ الجِيلِ القَدِيمِ، وَنَشَأ فِي الصَّحْرَاءِ وَالحُرِّيَّةِ جِيلٌ جَدِيدٌ. فَلَمَّا انْقَضَتِ المُدَّةُ التِي قَضَاهَا اللهُ عَلَيهِمْ، خَرَجَ بِهِمْ يُوشَعُ بْنُ نُونٍ، وَتَوَجَّهَ بِهِمْ إلى إحْدَى المُدُنِ فَحَاصَرَهَا وَفَتَحَها.

ثُمَّ سَلَّى اللهُ نَبِيَّهُ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ فَقَالَ لَهُ: لاَ تَأسَفْ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَلاَ تَحْزَنْ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيمَا قَضَيْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَإِنَّهُمْ مُسْتَحِقُّونَ ذَلِكَ.

وَهَذِهِ القِصَّةُ تَتَضَمَّنُ تَقْرِيعاً لِليَهُودِ، وَبَياناً لِفَضَائِحِهِمْ وَمُخَالَفَتِهِمْ أمْرَ رَبِّهِمْ وَأمْرَ رَسُولِهِ، ونكُولِهِمْ عَنْ طَاعَتِهِمَا.

يَتِيهُونَ فِي الأرْضِ – يَضِلُّونَ فِي الأرْضِ وَيَسيرُونَ عَلَى غَيرِ هُدىً.
فَلاَ تَأسَ – فَلاَ تَحْزَنْ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 26

26. When Moses (peace be upon him) appealed to Allah against his people for having refused to do battle, Allah decided to deny the holy land to them for forty years, during which time they were condemned to wander the earth (that is to say, the Sinai desert), to remain perplexed and insecure, not knowing their fate and unable to find a way out of their predicament.

Moses and Aaron died during this period of wandering in the Sinai. Yucha son of Nun, a descendant of Joseph’s, took over the leadership. Allah made him a prophet amongst them. Most of the older generation died, and a new generation grew up in the desert and at liberty. When they had completed the period of wandering imposed by Allah, Yucha led them against a city, and besieged and conquered it.

Allah then consoles His Prophet Moses (peace be upon him), saying: “Do not be cast down on their account. You need feel no sorrow at the punishment I imposed upon them, for they fully deserved it.” This story contains a reprimand for the Jews. It reveals their shame, their transgression of the commands of their Lord and His Messenger, and their refusal to obey them.

{وَٱتْلُ عَلَيْهِمْ نَبَأَ ٱبْنَيْ ءَادَمَ بِٱلْحَقِّ إِذْ قَرَّبَا قُرْبَاناً فَتُقُبِّلَ مِن أَحَدِهِمَا وَلَمْ يُتَقَبَّلْ مِنَ ٱلآخَرِ قَالَ لأَقْتُلَنَّكَ قَالَ إِنَّمَا يَتَقَبَّلُ ٱللَّهُ مِنَ ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ}

{ءَادَمَ}

(27) – يُبِيِّنُ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَاقِبَةَ البَغْي وَالحَسَدِ وَالظُّلْمِ، فِي خَبْرِ ابْنَيْ آدَمَ (قَابِيلَ وَهَابِيلَ)، وَكَيْفَ عَدا أحَدُهُمَا عَلَى الآخَرِ فَقَتَلَهُ بَغْياً عَلَيهِ، وَحَسَداً لَهُ، فِيمَا وَهَبَهُ اللهُ مِنَ النِّعْمَةِ، وَتَقَبَّلَ القُرْبَانَ الذِي أخْلَصَ فِيهِ صَاحِبُهُ للهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَفَازَ المَقْتُولُ بِغُفْرَانِ اللهِ لَهُ خَطَايَاهُ، وَبِالدُّخُولِ إلى الجَنَّةِ، وَعَادَ القَاتِلُ وَقَدْ خَسِرَ الدَّارَيْنِ الدُّنْيا وَالآخِرَةَ.

فَقَالَ تَعَالَى لِرَسُولِهِ الكَرِيمِ: أقْصُصْ عَلى البُغَاةِ الحَسَدَةِ مِنَ اليَهُودِ وَأمْثَالِهِمْ وَأشْبَاهِهِمْ خَبَرَ ابْنَيْ آدَمَ الذِي يَرْوِيهِ النَّاسُ وَيَتَنَاقَلُونَهُ، لَقَدْ قَرَّبَ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا قُرْبَاناً إلَى اللهِ، فِي أمْرٍ اخْتَلَفَا عَلَيْهِ، فَتَقَبَّلَ اللهُ مِنْ أحَدِهِما قُرْبَانَهُ (وَهُوَ هَابِيلُ) وَلَمْ يَتَقَبَّلْ قُرْبَانَ الآخَرِ (قَابِيلَ)، بِأنْ أنْزَلَ اللهُ نَاراً مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَأكَلَتْ قُرْبَانَ هَابِيلَ، وَلَمْ تَمَسَّ النَّارُ قُرْبَانَ قَابِيلَ. فَغَضِبَ قَابِيلُ، وَهَدَّدَ أَخَاهُ بِالقَتْلِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ هَابِيلُ: إنَّمَا يَتَقَبَّلُ اللهُ القُرْبَانَ وَالصَّدَقَاتِ مِنَ المُتَّقِينَ، الذِينَ أَخْلَصُوا العِبَادَةَ للهِ، وَاتَّقَوْا الشِّرْكَ، وَخَافُوا عِقَابَ اللهِ، وَاجْتَنَبُوا المَعَاصِي.

قُرْبَاناً – مَا يُتَقَرَّبُ بِهِ إلى اللهِ تَعَالَى.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 27

27. In recounting the story of Cain and Abel, the sons of Adam (peace be upon him), Allah indicates the punishment meted out to the immoderate, the envious, and the unjust. He relates how Cain attacked Abel and murdered him. He was driven by feelings of envy because his brother had been favoured by Allah because of the offerings Abel had made to Allah in all sincerity. The victim earned the remission of his sins and entered into paradise, whereas the murderer forfeited his life here on earth and in the hereafter.

Allah Almighty says to His Prophet (peace be upon him): “Tell the immoderate and the envious among the Jews, and those like them, the story of the two sons of Adam as it has been related and passed down by mankind. Both of them made offerings to the Lord in order to resolve a dispute between them. Allah accepted Abel’s offering but not Cain’s. His sign was a fire which He sent down from Heaven and which consumed the offering made by Abel but left Cain’s offering untouched. The latter was filled with anger, and threatened to kill his brother. Abel answered him: “Allah accepts the offerings and the alms of those who fear Him, who sincerely worship Him, who shield themselves from polytheism, fear Allah’s punishment, and avoid wickedness.”

{لَئِن بَسَطتَ إِلَيَّ يَدَكَ لِتَقْتُلَنِي مَآ أَنَاْ بِبَاسِطٍ يَدِيَ إِلَيْكَ لأَقْتُلَكَ إِنِّيۤ أَخَافُ ٱللَّهَ رَبَّ ٱلْعَالَمِينَ}

{لَئِن} {ٱلْعَالَمِينَ}

(28) – وَإذِا أَرَدْتَ أنْ تَبْسُطَ إلَيَّ يَدَكَ وَتَمُدَّهَا بِالشَّرِّ، وَإذَا نَوَيْتَ قَتْلِي، فَإنِّي لَنْ أقَابِلَكَ عَلَى صَنِيعِكَ الفَاسِدِ بِمِثْلِهِ، فَأَكُونَ أنَا وَأنْتَ سَوَاءً فِي الخَطِيئَةِ، وَإنِّي أَخَافُ اللهَ مِنْ أنْ أَصْنَعَ بِكَ مَا تُرِيدُ أَنْتَ أنْ تَصْنَعَهُ بِي، وَلِذَلِكَ فَإنِّي أصْبِرُ وَأَحْتَسِبُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 28

28. “If you raise your hand against me to harm me, if you are resolved to kill me, I shall not even respond to your wickedness, otherwise both of us will fall into sin. I fear Allah too much to act towards you as you intend to act towards me. Therefore, I shall be patient and content.”

{إِنِّيۤ أُرِيدُ أَن تَبُوءَ بِإِثْمِي وَإِثْمِكَ فَتَكُونَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ ٱلنَّارِ وَذَلِكَ جَزَآءُ ٱلظَّالِمِينَ}

{تَبُوءَ} {أَصْحَابِ} {جَزَآءُ} {ٱلظَّالِمِينَ}

(29) – وَإنِّي إذْ أرْفُضُ مُقَابَلَةَ الجَرِيمَةِ بِمِثْلِهَا، فَإنَّنِي إنَّمَا أُرْيدُ أنْ تَتَحمَّلَ إثْمَ قَتْلي، وَالإِثْمَ الذِي عَلَيْكَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَمِنْ أَجْلِهِ لَمْ يَتَقَبَّلَ اللهُ قُرْبَانَكَ، فَتَكُونَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّارِ، وَهذا هُوَ الجَزَاءُ الذِي أَعَدَّهُ اللهُ لِلْمُعْتَدِينَ الظَّالِمِينَ.

وَلَكِنَّ قَابِيلَ لَمْ يَخَف النَّارَ التِي خَوَّفُه بِهَا أخُوهُ، وَلَمْ يَنْزَجِرْ (وَقِيلَ إنَّ القَاتِلَ يَحْمِلُ فِي الآخِرَةِ إثْمَ مَنْ قَتَلَهُ وَمَا عَلَيهِ مِنْ ذُنُوبٍ وَآثَامٍ وَحُقُوقٍ لِلْعِبَادِ، لأَنَّهُ بِقَتْلِهِ مَنَعَهُ مِنْ أنْ يَرْجِعَ إلَى اللهِ بِالتَّوْبَةِ وَالاسْتِغْفَارِ، وَوَفَاءِ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ حُقُوقِ العِبَادِ إنْ أرَادَ ذَلِكَ).

تَبُوءُ بِإِثْمِي – تَرْجِعُ أوْ تَحْمِلُ إثْمَ قَتْلِي إذَا قَتَلْتَنِي.
وَإثْمِكَ – السَّابِقِ المَانِعِ مِنْ قُبُولِ قُرْبَانِكَ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 29

29. “But though I refuse to answer your crime with a similar crime, I pray that the sin of my murder may weigh upon your head together with all the other sins you have already committed and as a result of which Allah rejected your offering. You will thus be condemned to Hell. Such is the punishment that Allah Almighty has reserved for those who transgress against His justice.”

But Cain was not afraid of Hell, which his brother meant to frighten him with. He was not deterred (it is said that on the Day of Judgement the murderer is weighed down with both his own sins and those of his victim, for in killing him he has prevented his victim from turning towards Allah, repenting, and fulfilling his obligations towards others, even if he had intended to).

{فَطَوَّعَتْ لَهُ نَفْسُهُ قَتْلَ أَخِيهِ فَقَتَلَهُ فَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ ٱلْخَاسِرِينَ}

{ٱلْخَاسِرِينَ}

(30) – فَحَسَّنَتْ لَهُ نَفْسُهُ قَتْلَ أخِيهِ، وَشَجَّعَتْهُ عَلَيهِ، بَعْدَ أنْ سَمِعَ مِنْ أخِيهِ المَوْعِظَةَ فَلَمْ يَتَّعِظْ، وَلَمْ يَزْدَجِرْ، فَقَتَلَهُ، فَأصْبَحَ القَاتِلُ مِنَ الخَاسِرِينَ فِي الدُّنيا بِفَقْدِهِ أخَاهُ، وَفِي الآخِرَةِ إذْ أصْبَحَ مِنْ أهْلِ النَّارِ.

(وَجَاءَ فِي الحَدِيثِ الشَّرِيفِ: ” لاَ تُقْتَلُ نَفْسٌ ظُلْماً إلاَّ كَانَ عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ الأوَّلِ كِفْلٌ مِنْ دَمِهَا، لأَنَّهُ كَانَ أوَّلَ مَنْ سَنَّ القَتْلَ ” ). (رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ).

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 30

30. His soul chose the murder of his brother and urged him to it. After hearing his brother’s advice, he did not take it into consideration and hold back, but killed him. The murderer was thus among the lost souls of this earth, since he was deprived of his brother, and in the next world, since he will be consigned to Hell.

Quoting the Prophet (peace be upon him), Abdullah bnu Massoud reports: “No soul is unjustly killed without Cain shouldering part of the responsibility, since he was the first murderer.”

{فَبَعَثَ ٱللَّهُ غُرَاباً يَبْحَثُ فِي ٱلأَرْضِ لِيُرِيَهُ كَيْفَ يُوَارِي سَوْءَةَ أَخِيهِ قَالَ يَاوَيْلَتَا أَعَجَزْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِثْلَ هَـٰذَا ٱلْغُرَابِ فَأُوَارِيَ سَوْءَةَ أَخِي فَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ ٱلنَّادِمِينَ}

{يُوَارِي} {يَاوَيْلَتَا} {فَأُوَارِيَ} {ٱلنَّادِمِينَ}

(31) – ثُمَّ بَيَّنَ اللهُ تَعَالَى أنَّ الإِنْسَانَ قَدْ يَسْتَفِيدُ مِنْ تَجَارِبِ غَيْرِهِ، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ الأخُ القَتِيلُ، تَرَكَهُ القَاتِلُ فِي العَرَاءِ، وَهُوَ لاَ يَعْرِفُ كَيْفَ يَدْفِنُهُ، فَبَعَثَ اللهُ غُرَابَيْنِ فَاقْتَتَلاَ، فَقَتَلَ أحَدُهُما صَاحِبَهُ، فَحَفَرَ لَهُ حُفْرَةً ألْقَاهُ فِيهَا، ثُمَّ حَثَا عَلَيهِ التُّرَابَ. فَلَمَّا رَآهُ ابْنُ آدَمَ القَاتِلُ قَالَ: يَا وَيْلَتَا أَعَجَزْتُ أنْ أكُونَ مِثْلَ هَذا الغُرابِ فَأوَارِيَ سَوْءَةَ أَخِي؟ فَنَدِمَ عَلَى مَا فَعَل.

السَّوْءَةَ – مَا يَسُوء ظُهُورُهُ، وَالمَقْصُودُ بِهَا هُنَا جُثَّتُهُ.
يَبْحَثُ فِي الأرْضِ – يَحْفِرُ فِيها لِيَدْفِنَ غُراباً قَتَلَهُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 31

31. Allah Almighty then shows how man can benefit from other people’s experience. When Abel had been killed by his brother, Cain left him in the open, since he did not know how to bury him. Allah then sent two crows to fight each other to the death. One of them killed the other. The survivor dug a hole, threw the dead bird into it, and covered it with earth. Seeing this, Cain cried: “Woe is me! Am I then incapable of acting like this crow and burying my brother!” And he was filled with remorse.

{مِنْ أَجْلِ ذٰلِكَ كَتَبْنَا عَلَىٰ بَنِيۤ إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنَّهُ مَن قَتَلَ نَفْساً بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ أَوْ فَسَادٍ فِي ٱلأَرْضِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ ٱلنَّاسَ جَمِيعاً وَمَنْ أَحْيَاهَا فَكَأَنَّمَا أَحْيَا النَّاسَ جَمِيعاً وَلَقَدْ جَآءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُنَا بِٱلّبَيِّنَٰتِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ كَثِيراً مِّنْهُمْ بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ فِي ٱلأَرْضِ لَمُسْرِفُونَ}

{بَنِيۤ إِسْرَائِيلَ} {بِٱلّبَيِّنَٰتِ}

(32) – يُخْبِرُ تَعَالَى: أنَّهُ بِسَبَبِ قِتْلِ ابْنِ آدَمَ أخَاهُ، شَرَعَ اللهُ لِبَنِي إسْرَائِيلَ، وَقَضَى عَلَيْهِمْ، أَنَّهُ مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْساً بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ مِنْ قِصَاصٍ أوْ إِفْسَادٍ فِي الأرْضِ، وَاسْتَحَلَّ قَتْلَهَا، بِلاَ سَبَبٍ وَلاَ جِنَايَةٍ، فَكَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ النَّاسَ جَمِيعاً، لأَنَّهُ لاَ فَرْقَ عِنْدَهُ بَيْنَ نَفْسٍ. وَمَنْ حَرَّمَ قَتْلَهَا، وَكَانَ سَبباً فِي حَيَاةِ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، بِإِنْقَاذِهَا مِنْ مَوْتٍ، فَكَأنَّمَا أَحْيَا النَّاسَ جَمِيعاً، لأنَّ البَاعِثَ عَلَى الامتِنَاعِ عَنِ القَتْلِ هُوَ اعْتِقَادُهُ بِأنَّ ذَلِكَ شَرٌّ وَأنَّ اللهَ حَرَّمَهُ، وَلِذَلِكَ فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ كُلَّهُمْ يَسْلَمُونَ مِنْ شَرِّهِ، وَيَأمَنُونَ أذَاهُ، وَلأنَّ البَاعِثَ عَلَى إنْقَاذِ النَّفْسَ مِنَ المَوْتِ الذِي كَانَ يَتَهَدَّدُهَا هُوَ الرَّحْمَةُ وَالشَّفَقَةُ، وَالوُقُوفُ عِنْدَ حُدُودِ الشَّرائعِ، فَذَلِكَ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أنَّهُ مُسْتَعِد لإِنْقَاذِ كُلِّ نَفْسٍ إنِ اسْتَطَاعَ، وَلِذَلِكَ يَكُونُ كَأنَّمَا أَحْيَا النَّاسَ جَمِيعاً. وَلَقَدْ جَاءَتْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالحُجَجِ وَالبَرَاهِينِ وَالدَّلاَئِلَ الوَاضِحَةِ، وَلَكِنَّ الكَثِيرينَ مِنْهُمْ كَانُوا مَعَ ذَلِكَ مُسْرِفِينَ فِي فَسَادِهِمْ فِي الأرْضِ.

(وَهَذَا تَوْبِيخٌ مِنَ اللهَ تَعَالَى لِبَنِي إسْرَائِيلَ عَلَى ارْتِكَابِهِم المَحَارِمَ بَعْدَ عِلْمِهِمْ بِأَنَّهَا مَحَارِم).

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 32

32. Allah Almighty says that it is because of the murder of Abel by his brother Cain that He imposed the following law on the children of Israel: Whoever kills a human being who is not guilty of killing another human soul or of sowing corruption on earth, and whoever judges it legitimate to kill a human soul without a valid reason and without his having committed any crime, it is as if he had killed the entire human race. For Allah makes no distinction between one soul and another. On the other hand, whoever declares a murder illegal or saves a single life shall be considered as having saved the entire human race. For one refrains from killing because one believes that it is evil to kill and because Allah has forbidden such an act. Thus all men can be sheltered from this evil and need not fear that their lives are in danger. On the other hand, and given the fact that one has saved a human life because one is motivated by a feeling of mercy and pity and because one respects the limits imposed by law, that is proof that one is ready to save every soul, if possible. It is as if one bestowed life on the whole of humanity. The Prophets among the children of Israel provided them with incontrovertible proofs and arguments. But in spite of that, most of them sow abuse and corruption on earth. Allah Almighty here reprimands the children of Israel for committing prohibited acts, all the while knowing that they were illegal.

{إِنَّمَا جَزَآءُ ٱلَّذِينَ يُحَارِبُونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَسْعَوْنَ فِي ٱلأَرْضِ فَسَاداً أَن يُقَتَّلُوۤاْ أَوْ يُصَلَّبُوۤاْ أَوْ تُقَطَّعَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُم مِّنْ خِلافٍ أَوْ يُنفَوْاْ مِنَ ٱلأَرْضِ ذٰلِكَ لَهُمْ خِزْيٌ فِي ٱلدُّنْيَا وَلَهُمْ فِي ٱلآخِرَةِ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ}

{جَزَآءُ} {خِلافٍ}

(33) – المُحَارَبَةُ هُنَا هِيَ المُخَالَفَةُ وَالمُضَادَّةُ، لأنَّ فِيهَا عَدَمَ إذْعَانٍ لِدِينِ اللهِ وشَرْعِهِ، فِي حِفْظِ الحُقُوقِ، وَهِيَ تَصْدُقُ عَلَى الكُفْرِ، وَعَلى قَطْعِ الطَّرِيقِ، وَإِخَافَةِ السَّابِلَةِ. وَكَذَلِكَ يُطْلَقُ الإِفْسَادُ فِي الأرْضِ عَلَى أنْواعٍ مِنَ الشَّرِّ وَالفَسَادِ.

وَيَقُولُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: إنَّ هَذِهِ الآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي قَوْمٍ مِنْ أهْلِ الكِتَابِ كَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَهْدٌ وَمِيثَاقٌ فَنَقَضُوا العَهْدَ، وَأَفْسَدُوا فِي الأرْضِ، فَخَيَّرَ اللهُ رَسُولَهُ صلى الله عليه وسلم إنْ شَاءَ أنْ يَقْتُلَهُمْ، وَإنْ شَاءَ أنْ يَقْطَعَ أيْدِيَهُمْ وَأرْجُلَهُمْ مِنْ خِلافٍ (أيْ إنْ قَطَعَ اليَدَ اليُمْنَى قَطَعَ مَعَهَا الرِّجْلَ اليُسْرَى، وَالعَكْسُ عَلَى العَكْسِ) أَو أَنْ يَنْفِيَهُمْ مِنَ الأرْضِ التِي ارْتُكِبَ فِيها الجُرْمُ إلى أرْضٍ أُخْرى لِيُسْجَنُوا فِيهَا (وَالنَفْي فِي مَفْهُومِ أبي حَنِيفَة هُوَ السِجْن) وَالصَحِيح: أنَّ الآيَّةَ عَامَّةٌ تَشْمَلُ كُلَّ مَنْ ارتَكَبَ عَمَلاً منْ أعمَالِ الفَسَادِ فِي الأرْضِ.

وَحُكْمُ المُحَارَبَةِ عِنْدَ الأئْمَةِ مَالِكٍ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ وابْنِ حَنْبَل يَكُونُ فِي الأمْصَارِ كَمَا يَكُونُ فِي الطُرقِ خَارِجَ المُدُنِ، حَتَّى إِنَّ مَالِكاً جَعَلَ المُحَارَبَةَ تَشْمَلُ حَالَةَ الرَّجُلِ الذِي يَخْدَعُ رَجُلاً فَيُدْخِلُهُ بَيْتَهُ فَيَقْتُلُهُ وَيَأخُذُ مَا مَعَهُ.

وَقَالَ أبو حَنِيفَة إنَّمَا تَكُونُ المُحَارَبَةُ فِي الطُّرُقَاتِ لِبُعْدِ النَّاسِ عَمَّنْ يُغِيثُ، أَمَّا فِي الأمْصَارِ فَلاَ تَكُونُ مُحَارَبَةٌ لأنَّ الإِنْسَانَ قَدْ يَلْحَقُهُ غَوْثٌ إذَا اسْتَغَاثَ.

وَفِي حَالَةِ المُحَارَبَةِ يَكُونُ دَمُ المَقْتُولِ للسُّلْطَانِ لاَ إلى وَليِّ المَقْتُولِ، وَلاَ يَكُونُ عَفْوُهُ سَبَباً فِي اسْقَاطِ العُقُوبَةِ.

وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ إنَّ العُقُوبَةَ تَكُونُ عَلَى الشَّكْلِ التَّالِي:

إذَا قَتَلُوا يُقْتَلُونَ بِمَنْ قَتَلُوا.

إذَا قَطَعُوا الطَّرِيقَ وَغَصَبُوا المَالَ وَلَمْ يَقْتُلُوا تُقْطَعُ أيْدِيهِمْ وَأرْجُلُهُمْ مِنْ خِلافٍ، وَيُنْفَوْنَ مِنْ بَلَدٍ إلى بَلَدٍ آخَرَ.

إذَا أخَافُوا السَّابِلَةَ فَقَطْ يُحْبَسُونَ.

وَهذا الجَزَاءُ هُوَ عَارٌ لَهُمْ وَنَكَالٌ وَذِلَّةٌ فِي الحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيا (خِزْيٌ)، وَلَهُمْ فِي الآخِرَةِ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ، إذَا لَمْ يَتُوبُوا مِنْ فِعْلِهِمْ حَتَّى تَحِينَ وَفَاتُهُمْ.

وَأكْثَرُ الأئِمَّةِ يَتَّفِقُونَ عَلَى أنَّ هَاتَينِ الآيَتَينِ نَزَلَتَا فِي جَمَاعةٍ مِنْ عُكْلٍ وَعُرَيْنَةَ، قَدِمُوا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، وَتَكَلَّمُوا بِالإِسْلاَمِ فَوَجَدُوا المَدِينَةَ رَدِيئَةَ المُنَاخِ، فَأَمَرَ لَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ بِبَعْضِ الإِبْلِ وَبِراعٍ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِالخُرُوجِ مِنَ المَدِينَةِ إِلَى أَطْرَافِهَا لِيَشْرَبُوا مِنْ أبْوالِهَا وَأَلْبَانِهَا، فَانْطَلَقُوا حَتَّى إذَا كَانُوا بِنَاحِيَةِ الحَرَّةِ كَفَرُوا بَعْدَ إِسْلاَمِهِمْ، وَقَتَلُوا رَاعِيَ النَّبِيِّ، وَاسْتَاقُوا الإِبِلَ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيّّ فَأَرْسَلَ فِي الطَلَبِ فِي آثَارِهِمْ، فأُتِيَ بِهِمْ إلى النَّبِيِّ، فَأَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِهِمْ، فَسُمِلَتْ أَعْيُنُهُمْ، وَقُطِعَتْ أيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُمْ وَتُرِكُوا حَتَّى مَاتُوا.

فَأنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى هَاتَيْنِ الآيَتَيْنِ لِبَيَانِ عُقُوبَةِ المُفْسِدِينَ فِي الأرْضِ.

يُنْفَوْا مِنَ الأرْضِ – يُبْعَدُوا أوْ يُسْجَنُوا.
خِزْيٌ – دُلٌّ وَفَضِيحَةٌ وَعُقُوبَةٌ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 33

33. “To combat Allah” here means to contravene His laws and contradict them, and to transgress His injunction to respect the right. To lie in ambush and terrify those who pass by is to be an unbeliever. To do corruption on earth also consists in committing other sins and sowing the seeds of corruption. According to Ibn Abbas: “This verse was revealed in connection with a group of people of the Book allied to the prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) by treaty and engagements. They broke their pact and caused destruction to the territory. Allah gave His prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) the choice of executing them or, if he wished, cutting off their hands and feet diagonally (that is, severing the right hand and the left foot, or vice versa), or banishing them to another place where they would be imprisoned” (banishment in the eyes of Abu Hanifa means imprisonment). This verse has a general significance, and can be applied to any person who engages in wrongdoing or any act of corruption on earth.

This punishment inflicted for “combat against Allah” is applied by three religious leaders, Malek, al-Shafi’i, and Ibni Hanbal, to crimes which take place in cities as well as those on the roads between towns. Malek goes so far as to consider as “combat against Allah” the act of a man who dupes somebody, enters his house, kills him, and steals his possessions. Abu Hanifa, on the other hand, is of the opinion that the combat here referred to applies only to those roads where people are far distant from any help. As for the cities, there is no “combat” because a victim could be helped if he called for someone to come to the rescue.

In the case of “combat,” the blood-price is determined by the governor rather than the victim’s family. A pardon is therefore no ground for abolishing the penalty. Citing Ibn Abbas, al-Shafi’i describes the applicable punishment as follows:
– If they kill, they too should be killed.
– If they ambush and then steal money, without killing anybody, one hand and one foot (from opposite sides) should be cut off, and they should be sent into banishment.
– If they only frighten travellers, they should just be imprisoned. The punishment covers them with shame, dishonour, and humiliation in this world. A terrible punishment will await them in the next unless they repent of their evil deeds before they die.

Most of the religious leaders agree that these two verses were revealed in connection with a group of men from the tribes of Okl and Ourayna. They came to see the prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) and converted to Islam. But they did not like the climate in Medina. The Prophet (peace be upon him) therefore ordered several dromedaries for them and a shepherd, and commanded them to quit Medina and go out into the surrounding region where they might drink the urine and the milk of their dromedaries. They set off, and once they had arrived in the area of Harra they reverted to idolatry, after having embraced Islam. They killed the shepherd and made off with the dromedaries. When the Prophet (peace be upon him) heard of this, he sent people in search of them. They were brought back to the Prophet (peace be upon him), who ordered them to be punished. Their eyes were put out, their hands and feet cut off, and they were left for dead. Allah then sent these two verses to indicate the appropriate punishment to be inflicted on those who sow corruption on earth.

{إِلاَّ ٱلَّذِينَ تَابُواْ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَقْدِرُواْ عَلَيْهِمْ فَٱعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ}

(34) – فَإِذا تَابَ الجُنَاةُ المُفْسِدُونَ فِي الأرْضِ قَبْل أنْ تَقْدِرَ عَلَيْهِمْ السُّلْطَةُ فِي البَلَدِ، سَقَطَ عَنْهُمُ العِقَابُ المَفْرُوضُ (وَهُوَ القَتْلُ أَوِ الصَّلْبُ أَوْ قَطْعُ اليَدَينِ..) وَاللهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ، يَقْبَلُ تَوْبَةَ مَنْ تَابَ، وَهُوَ مُخْلِصٌ فِيهَا، لأَِنَّ تَوْبَتَهُمْ وَهُمْ فِي قُوَّةٍ وَمَنَعَةٍ جَدِيرَةٌ بِأَنْ تَكُونَ خَالِصَةً للهِ، صَادِرَةً عَنْ اعْتِقَادٍ بِقُبْحِ الذَّنْبِ، وَالعَزْمِ عَلَى تَرْكِ العَوْدَةِ إِلى فِعْلِ مِثْلِهِ (وَلَكِنْ تَبْقَى عَلَيهِمْ حُقُوقُ العِبَادِ).

قَبْلَ أنْ تَقْدِرُوا عَلَيْهِمْ – قَبْلَ وُقُوعِهِمْ بِيَدِ السُّلْطَةِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 34

34. If the criminals and sowers of corruption repent before they are arrested by the authorities, the prescribed penalty is no longer applicable (that is: execution, crucifixion, cutting off hands and feet). Allah is merciful and forgiving. He accepts the repentance of someone who is truly sincere. Furthermore, when a criminal repents while he is still in full possession of himself, his act is judged to be sincere and to issue from the conviction that the sin he committed was utterly detestable, and that he will therefore never revert to it again. (There remain however the victim’s claims to be satisfied.)

{يَا أَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ ٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱبْتَغُوۤاْ إِلَيهِ ٱلْوَسِيلَةَ وَجَاهِدُواْ فِي سَبِيلِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ}

{يَا أَيُّهَا} {آمَنُواْ} {وَجَاهِدُواْ}

(35) – يَأمُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى عِبَادَهُ المُؤْمِنينَ بِتَقْوَاهُ وَطَاعَتِهِ حَقّاً وَصِدْقاً، وَاتِّقَاءِ سَخَطِهِ وَعِقَابِهِ، وَذَلِكَ بِعَدَمِ مُخَالَفَةِ شَرْعِهِ، وَالانْكِفَافِ عَنْ إتْيانِ مَحَارِمِهِ، وَتَرْكِ مَا نَهَى عَنْهُ، وَبِأنْ يَتَقَرَّبُوا إليهِ بَطَاعَتِهِ، وَبِالعَمَلِ بِمَا يُرْضِيهِ (وَابْتَغُوا إلَيهِ الوَسِيلَةَ). ثُمَّ أمَرَهُمْ بِجِهَادِ أعْدائِهِمْ، وَأعْدَاءِ اللهِ، الخَارِجِينَ عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ المُسْتَقِيمِ. وَرَغَّبَهُمْ تَعَالَى فِي الجِهَادِ، بِأنْ أبَانَ لَهُمْ مَا أعَدَّهُ لِلْمُجَاهِدِينَ فِي سَبِيلِهِ يَوْمَ القَيَامَةِ مِنْ جَزِيلِ الثَّوَابِ، وَكَرِيمِ المَنْزِلَةِ، فَلَعَلَّهُمْ، إنْ قَامُوا بِأمْرِ رَبِّهِمْ، أنْ يُفْلِحُوا بِالفَوْزِ بِرِضَى اللهِ وَجَنَّتِهِ.

(وَيَشْمُلُ الجِهَادُ كُلَّ جَهْدٍ فِي الدِّفَاعِ عَنِ الحَقِّ، وَحَمْلِ النَّاسِ عَلَى التِزَامِهِ، كَمَا يَشْمُلُ جِهَادَ النَّفْسِ بِكَفِّهَا عَنْ أهْوائِها، وَحَمْلِها عَلَى العَدْلِ وَالإِنْصَافِ فِي جَمِيعِ الأحْوالِ).

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 35

35. Allah Almighty commands believers to fear Him and obey Him truly and sincerely. He warns them to protect themselves from His anger and His punishment, by not transgressing His laws and by abstaining from committing acts which He has prohibited and declared illicit; by coming close to Him by obeying Him and working to please Him (“seek to find ways of coming closer to Him”). Then He commands believers to struggle against their enemies and Allah’s enemies who have strayed from the true path. Allah Almighty incites them to do battle by revealing to them what He has reserved on Judgement Day for those who have fought for the cause: they will be generously rewarded and honoured. Perhaps, then, if they obey the orders of the Lord, they will succeed in gaining His well-being and His paradise.
The struggle includes every effort made to defend the right and to encourage people to do the same. It also means the struggle of the soul to shield itself against the passions and to gird itself to be fair and equitable in all circumstances.)

{إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لَوْ أَنَّ لَهُمْ مَّا فِي ٱلأَرْضِ جَمِيعاً وَمِثْلَهُ مَعَهُ لِيَفْتَدُواْ بِهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ يَوْمِ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ مَا تُقُبِّلَ مِنْهُمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ}

{ٱلْقِيَامَةِ}

(36) – إِنَّ الذِينَ كَفَروا بِرَبِّهِمْ، وَعَبَدُوا غَيْرَهُ، أوْ أشْرَكُوا مَعَهُ فِي الألُوهِيَّةِ غَيْرَهُ، وَمَاتوا قَبْلَ أنْ يَتُوبُوا، فَإِنَّهُم لاَ نَجَاةَ لَهُمْ مِنْ عَذَابِ اللهِ وَلَوْ أنَّ أحَدَهُمْ جَاءَ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ بِمِلْءِ الأرْضِ ذَهَباً، وَمِثْلِهِ مَعَهُ، لِيَفْتَدِيَ بِذَلِكَ الذَّهَبِ مِنْ عَذابِ اللهِ الذِي قَدْ أحَاطَ بِهِ، لَمَا تُقُبِّلَ مِنْهُ ذَلِكَ، فَلاَ مَنْدُوحَةَ عَنْ عَذَابِهِ، وَلا مَحِيصَ لَهُ مِنْ أنْ يُلاَقِيَ جَزَاءَهُ العَادِلَ مِنَ العَذَابِ، وَهُوَ عَذَابٌ مُوجِعٌ ألِيمٌ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 36

36. Those unbelievers who have denied Allah and adopted an idol instead of Him, or who have ascribed associates to Allah, and who die before having repented, will not escape the divine punishment. If one of them were to come on Judgement Day and offer all the riches of the world in gold, or twice that much, to be freed from the punishments encompassing him round, his ransom would be rejected. For he would undergo his inevitable punishment, and would suffer his appropriate share of torture. The penalty he will undergo will be horribly painful.

{يُرِيدُونَ أَن يَخْرُجُواْ مِنَ ٱلنَّارِ وَمَا هُم بِخَارِجِينَ مِنْهَا وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُّقِيمٌ}

{بِخَارِجِينَ}

(37) – وَحِينَما يُحِسُّ المُجْرِمُونَ بِثِقَلِ العَذَابِ فِي النَّارِ يُحَاوِلُونَ أنْ يَخْرُجُوا مِنَها، وَلَكِنْ لاَ سَبِيلَ لَهُمْ إلى ذَلِكَ، وَلَهُمْ عَذابٌ دَائِمٌ مُسْتَمِرٌ.

مُقِيمٌ – دَائِمٌ مُسْتَمِر لا يَتَوَقَّفُ وَلاَ يَفْتُرُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 37

37. When they have endured the terrible tortures of Hell, they will long to escape. Their suffering will be eternal and unremitting.

{وَٱلسَّارِقُ وَٱلسَّارِقَةُ فَٱقْطَعُوۤاْ أَيْدِيَهُمَا جَزَآءً بِمَا كَسَبَا نَكَالاً مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ}

{نَكَالاً}

(38) – يَأمُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى بِقَطْعِ يَدِ السَّارِقِ وَالسَّارِقَةِ، وَكَانَ القَطْعُ مَعْمَولاً بِهِ فِي الجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَقَرَّرَهُ الإِسْلاَمُ، وَجُعِلَتْ لَهُ شُرُوطٌ:

– الإِمامُ مَالِكٌ جَعَلَ النِّصَابَ الذِي يَسْتَوجِبُ قَطْعَ اليَدِ ثَلاثَةَ دَرَاهِمَ، مَتَى سَرَقَهَا أوْ سَرَقَ مَا يَبْلُغُهَا ثَمَناً وَجَبَ القَطْعُ.

– الإِمَامُ الشَّافِعِيُّ جَعَلَ النِّصَابَ رُبعَ دِينارٍ أوْ مَا يُسَاوِيهِ.

– الإِمَامِ أحْمَدُ يَرَى أنَّ كلاً مِنَ الدَّرَاهِمِ الثَّلاثَةِ وَرُبْعِ الدِّينَارِ مَرَدٌّ شَرْعِيٌّ فَمَنْ سَرَقَ وَاحداً مِنْهُمَا أوْ مَا يُسَاوِيهِ قُطِعَ.

– الإِمَامُ أبُو حَنيفَةَ وَزُفَرٌ جَعَلاَ النِّصَابَ عَشَرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ مَضْرُوبَةٍ غَيْرَ مَغْشُوشَةٍ لأنَّ التَرْسَ التِي قَطَعَ النَّبيُّ يَدَ سَارِقِها كَانَ ثَمَنُهَا عَشرةَ دَرَاهِمَ. وَجَعَلَ اللهُ عُقُوبَةَ القَطْعِ وَسِيلَةً تَرْدَعُ مَنْ فَكَّرَ فِي السَّرِقَةِ عَنِ الإِقْدَامِ عَلَيْهَا (نَكَالاً مِنَ اللهِ)، وَجَزَاءً لِلسَّارِقِ عَلَى ارْتِكَابِ فِعْلِ السَّرِقَةِ. وَاللهُ عَزِيزٌ فِي انْتِقَامِهِ، حَكِيمٌ فِي أمْرِهِ وَنَهْيهِ وَشَرْعِهِ وَقَدَرِهِ، فَمَا أمَرَ بِأَمْرٍ إِلاَّ وَهُوَ صَلاحٌ، وَلاَ نَهَى عَنْ أَمْرٍ إِلا وَهُوَ فَسَادٌ.

نَكَالاً – عُقُوبَةً رَادِعَةً تَجْعَلُ مَنْ أَرَادَ الإِقْدَامَ عَلَى الجُرْمِ يَنْكلُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 38

38. Allah Almighty commands that the hand of a male or a female thief must be cut off, a punishment already in force in pre-Islamic times. Islam endorsed this punishment and made it subject to certain conditions:
– The minimal sum stolen for which this penalty would be applied was set by Imam Malek at three dirhams in coin. Anyone stealing an object of equal value would be subject to the same penalty.
– Imam al-Shafi’i sets the sum at a quarter of a dinar or its equivalent.
– Imam Ahmad is of the opinion that the three dirhams in coin or the quarter of a dinar constitute the legal base for applying the penalty. He or she who steals such a sum must therefore have his or her hand cut off.
– Imam Abu Hanifa and Zoufar set the minimal sum at ten dirhams, coined and not forged, because the Prophet (peace be upon him) ordered the hand of a thief cut off after he had stolen a shield valued at that sum.
Allah decreed this penalty of severing a hand in order to deter anybody contemplating a robbery (“Allah’s deterrence”). This penalty is also designed to punish the thief. Allah is all-powerful in His vengeance, wise in His commands, His prohibitions, His law, and His decisions. He recommends nothing but the good and forbids nothing but the bad.

{فَمَن تَابَ مِن بَعْدِ ظُلْمِهِ وَأَصْلَحَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَتُوبُ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ}

(39) – فَمَنْ تَابَ مِنَ السَّارِقِينَ، بَعْدَ سَرِقَتِهِ، وَأنَابَ إلَى اللهِ، فَإنَّ اللهَ يَتُوبُ عَلَيهِ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ… أمَّا أمْوَالُ النَّاسِ فَلاَ بُدَّ مِنْ رَدِّهَا إلَيْهِمْ، أَوْ رَدِّ بَدَلِهَا.

وَيَقُولُ أبو حَنِيفَةَ: مَتَى قُطِعَتْ يَدُ السَّارِقِ، فَإنَّهُ لاَ يَرُدُّ بَدَلَ المَالِ المَسْرُوقِ إلى صَاحِبِهِ إذا هَلَكَ المَسْرُوقُ فِي يَدِهِ.

وَتَثْبُتُ السَّرِقَةِ بِالإِقْرَارِ أوِ البَيِّنَةِ، وَيَسْقُطُ الحَدَّ بِالعَفْوِ عَنِ السَّارِقِ قَبْلَ رَفْعِ أمْرِهِ إلَى الإِمَامِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 39

39. Allah pardons the thief who repents after committing his theft, and who turns towards Allah. The goods stolen must however be returned, or their equivalent if these are missing. Abu Hanifa says: “Once his hand has been cut off, the thief need not return the stolen money or its equivalent, if he has used it up.”
Theft is established by confession or by incontrovertible proof. The penalty is no longer applicable if a pardon is granted before the matter is referred to the governor.

{أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَهُ مُلْكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلأَرْضِ يُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَغْفِرُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ}

{ٱلسَّمَاوَاتِ}

(40) – يُخْبِرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى أنَّهُ مَالِكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ، وَهُوَ المُتَصَرِّفُ فِي جَمِيعِ مَا فِيهِما، وَلاَ مُعَقِّبَ عَلَى حُكْمِهِ، وَهُوَ الفَعَّالُ لِمَا يُرِيدُ، فَيَغْفِرُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ، وَيُعَذِّبُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ، وَاللهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيءٍ قَادِرٌ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 40

40. Allah Almighty says that He rules the kingdom of the heavens and the earth, and that He is absolute Lord of all. He is not accountable to anyone and can do whatsoever He likes. He pardons whomsoever He wishes and punishes whomsoever He wishes; He is Omnipotent.

{يٰأَيُّهَا ٱلرَّسُولُ لاَ يَحْزُنكَ ٱلَّذِينَ يُسَارِعُونَ فِي ٱلْكُفْرِ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُوۤاْ آمَنَّا بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَلَمْ تُؤْمِن قُلُوبُهُمْ وَمِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ هَادُواْ سَمَّاعُونَ لِلْكَذِبِ سَمَّاعُونَ لِقَوْمٍ آخَرِينَ لَمْ يَأْتُوكَ يُحَرِّفُونَ ٱلْكَلِمَ مِن بَعْدِ مَوَاضِعِهِ يَقُولُونَ إِنْ أُوتِيتُمْ هَـٰذَا فَخُذُوهُ وَإِن لَّمْ تُؤْتَوْهُ فَٱحْذَرُواْ وَمَن يُرِدِ ٱللَّهُ فِتْنَتَهُ فَلَن تَمْلِكَ لَهُ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ شَيْئاً أُوْلَـٰئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ لَمْ يُرِدِ ٱللَّهُ أَن يُطَهِّرَ قُلُوبَهُمْ لَهُمْ فِي ٱلدُّنْيَا خِزْيٌ وَلَهُمْ فِي ٱلآخِرَةِ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ}

{يٰأَيُّهَا} {يُسَارِعُونَ} {آمَنَّا} {بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ} {سَمَّاعُونَ} {آخَرِينَ} {أُوْلَـٰئِكَ} {ٱلآخِرَةِ}

(41) – نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ وَالتِي بَعْدَهَا فِي المُنَافِقِينَ، الذِينَ يَقُولُونَ آمَنَّا بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ، وَلَمْ تُؤْمِنْ قُلُوبُهُمْ، وَفِي أعْدَاءِ الإِسْلامِ مِنَ اليَهُودِ، الذِينَ كَانُوا كَثِيرِي الاسْتماعِ إلى كَلامِ الرَّسُولِ صلى الله عليه وسلم، وَالإِخْبَارِ عَنْهُ، لأجْلِ الكَذِبِ عَلَيهِ بِالتَّحْرِيفِ وَاسْتِنْباطِ الشُّبُهَاتِ، فَهُمْ جَوَاسِيسُ بَيْنَ المُسْلِمِينَ لأعْدَائِهِمْ، مَهَمَّتُهُمْ إبْلاغُ رُؤُوسِ الكُفْرِ أعْداءِ الإِسْلاَمِ، كُلَّ مَا يَقِفُونَ عَلَيهِ لِيَكُونَ مَا يَفْتَرُونَهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَالمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ كَذِبٍ مَقْبُولاً، لأنَّهُمْ يَرْوُونَ مَا يُقَالُ، وَيُحَرِّفُونَ فِيهِ، وَكَانَ هَؤُلاءِ يَأتُونَ إلى الرَّسُولِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لِيَسْتَمِعُوا مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ يَنْقُلُونَ مَا يَسْمَعُونَهُ مِنْهُ إلى الرُّؤسَاءِ ذَوِي الكَيْدِ، الذِينَ لَمْ يَأْتُوا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ لِيَسْتَمِعُوا مِنْهُ بِآذَانِهِمْ، إمّا كِبْراً وَإِمَّا تَمَرُّداً.

وَيَقُومُ الرُّؤسَاءُ الرُّوحِيُّونَ مِنَ اليَهُودِ بِتَحْرِيفِ كَلامِ التَّورَاةِ مِنْ بَعْدِ أنْ وَضَعَهُ اللهُ فِي مَوَاضِعِهِ، وَأَحْكَمَهُ، إمَّا تَحْريفاً لَفْظِيّاً، بِإبْدَالِ كَلِمَةٍ بِكَلِمَةٍ، وَإمّا بِإخْفَائِهِ وَكِتْمَانِهِ، وَإِما بِالزِّيَادَةِ فِيهِ، أوْ بِالنَّقْصِ مِنْهُ، وَإمَّا تَحْرِيفاً مَعْنَويّاً، بِحَمْلِ اللَّفْظِ عَلَى مَعْنى يَخْتَلِفُ عَنِ المَعْنَى الذِي قَصَدَهُ الشَّارِعُ، وَيَقُولُ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ: إنْ حَكَمَ لَكُمْ مُحَمَّدٌ الحُكْمَ الذِي تُرِيدُونَ فَاقْبَلُوهُ، وَإنْ قَضَى بِغَيْرِهِ فلا تَسْتَمِعُوا إليهِ.

(وَهَذِهِ الآيَةُ نَزَلَتْ فِي يَهُودَيَّين زَنَيا بَعْدَ هِجْرَةِ الرَّسُولِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِلَى المَدِينَةِ بِقَلِيلٍ، وَكَانَ اليَهُودُ قَدْ تَخَلَّوْا عَنْ تَنْفِيذِ مَا شَرَّعَهُ اللهُ لَهُمْ فِي التَّورَاةِ مِنْ رَجْمِ الزُّنَاةِ المُحْصَنِينَ، فَحَرَّفُوا حُكْمَ اللهِ، وَاصْطَلَحُوا فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى جَلْدِ الزَّانِي مِئَةَ جَلْدَةٍ مَعَ صَبْغِ الوَجْهِ بِالسَّوَادِ (وَيُسَمُّونَهُ التَّحْمِيمَ). فَلَمَّا وَقَعَتْ حَادِثَةُ الزِّنَى، قَالَ بَعْضُ اليَهُودِ لِبَعْضٍ تَعَالَوا نَتَحَاكَمُ إلى مُحَمَّدٍ فَإِنْ حَكَمَ بِالجَلْدِ، وَصَبْغِ الوَجْهُ بِالسَّوَادِ، فَخُذُوا ذلِكَ عَنْهُ، وَاجْعَلُوهُ حُجَّةً بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ اللهِ، وَيَكُونُ نَبِيٌّ مِنْ أنبياءِ اللهِ قَدْ حَكَمَ بَيْنَكُمْ بِذَلِكَ، وَإنْ حَكَمَ بِالرَّجْمِ فَلاَ تَتَّبِعُوهُ. فَلَمَّا جَاؤُوا إِلَى الرَّسُولِ صلى الله عليه وسلم سَألَهُمْ عَمَّا فِي كِتَابِهِمْ فِي حُكْمِ الزُّنَاةِ، فَقَالُوا نَفْضَحُهُمْ وَيُجْلَدُونَ. فَقَالَ لَهُمْ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَلاَّمٍ – وَكَانَ حَبْراً مِنْ أحْبَارِهِمْ ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ -: كَذَيْتُمْ إنَّ فِيهِ الرَّجْمَ).

وَمَنْ أَرَادَ اللهُ أنْ يَخْتَبِرَهُ فِي دِينِهِ فَيُظْهِرَ الاخْتِبَارُ كُفْرَهُ وَضَلاَلَهُ، فَلَنْ تَمْلِكَ لَهُ يَِا مُحَمَّدُ مِنَ اللهِ شَيْئاً، لأَِنَّ اللهَ لَمْ يُرِدْ أنْ يُطَهِّرَ قَلْبَهُ، وَلاَ أنْ يَهْدِيَهُ؛ وَلِهَذا الضَّالِّ خِزْيٌ فِي الدُّنْيا، وَلَهُ فِي الآخِرَةِ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ. فَلا تَحْزَنْ يَِا مُحَمَّدُ بَعْدَ هَذَا عَلَى مُسَارَعَتِهِمْ فِي الكُفْرِ، وَلاَ تَطْمَعُ فِي هِدَايَتِهِمْ إِلى الإِيمَانِ، فَإِنَّكَ لاَ تَمْلِكُ لأَِحَدٍ نَفْعاً، وَإِنَّمَا عَلَيكَ البَلاَغُ.

سَمَّاعُونَ لِلْكَذِبِ – يَسْمَعُونَ كَلاَمَكَ فَيُحَرِّفُونَ فِيهِ لِيَكْذِبُوا عَلَيْكَ.
سَمَّاعُونَ لِقَومٍ آخَرِينَ – يَسْمَعُونَ كَلاَمَكَ لِلتَّجَسُّسِ عَلَيكَ.
يُحَرِّفُونَ الكَلِمَ – يُبَدِّلُونَهُ أَوْ يُؤَوِّلُونَهُ بِالبَاطِلِ.
خِزْيٌ – ذُلٌّ وَفَضِيحَةٌ.
الفِتْنَةُ – هِيَ الاخْتِبَارُ وَالابْتِلاَءُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 41

41. This verse and the following were revealed on the subject of hypocrites who say with their lips, “We believe,” whereas their hearts do not believe. They refer to the enemies of Islam among the Jews, who used to listen at great length to the disquisitions of the Prophet (peace be upon him), and then went to report them with the intention of falsifying them and in order to discover ambiguities in them. They spied on the Muslims in order to benefit their enemies, and took it upon themselves to report everything they had heard to the leaders of the unbelievers hostile to Islam, in order to render more credible the lies with which they planned to libel the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the Muslims. They related what they had heard and distorted it. They came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) to listen to him and to report what he said to the leaders who were plotting various schemes against him and who did not themselves come to hear him, either through arrogance or with seditious intent.
The spiritual leaders of the Jews distorted the statements of the Torah by detaching them from the context in which they had been placed by the Lord. They altered the form by replacing one word with another or omitting it and concealing the fact, or else by adding certain words or suppressing others. They distorted the meaning by assigning an interpretation quite different from the original intention. They said to each other: “If Mohammad (peace be upon him) proclaims a law which is to your liking, accept it; if not, ignore it.”
(This verse was revealed in connection with two Jews who committed adultery, shortly after the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) emigration to Medina. The Jews had renounced the Divine law set forth in the Torah that adulterers should be stoned to death. They had altered the attitude of Allah on this subject and had decided amongst themselves to punish an adulterer with one hundred lashes and dyeing his or her face black. When a case of adultery took place, certain Jews said to the others: “Let us go and ask Mohammad (peace be upon him) for his opinion. If he orders one hundred lashes and the dyeing of the face black, accept that as Allah’s endorsement of your argument; for one of His prophets will have issued the decree. On the other hand, if he decrees stoning to death, do not listen to him.” When they came to the prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) he questioned them as to what their Book decreed on the subject of adulterers. “We must dishonour them and whip them,” they replied. Abdullah bnu Sallam, who had been one of their high priests before he converted to Islam, reproved them: “You are lying. The prescribed punishment is stoning to death.” For a person whose faith Allah wishes to test and who reveals himself to be an erring disbeliever, O Mohammad (peace be upon him), you can obtain nothing from Allah. For Allah has not wished to purify his soul or to show the way towards the true path. Such an unbeliever is covered with ignominy in this world and a terrible punishment awaits him in the next. Therefore do not be saddened, Mohammad, to see such people henceforward plunge deeper and deeper into disbelief. Do not hope to set them once again on the right track. For it is not for you to do anything for anybody, but only to transmit the Divine message to them.

{سَمَّاعُونَ لِلْكَذِبِ أَكَّالُونَ لِلسُّحْتِ فَإِن جَآءُوكَ فَٱحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ وَإِن تُعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ فَلَن يَضُرُّوكَ شَيْئاً وَإِنْ حَكَمْتَ فَٱحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِٱلْقِسْطِ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُقْسِطِينَ}

{سَمَّاعُونَ} {أَكَّالُونَ}

(42) – وَأَعَادَ اللهُ تَعَالَى وَصْفَهُمْ بِكَثْرَةِ السَّمَاعِ لِلْكَذِبِ، فَقَالَ: وَهُمْ سَمَّاعُونَ لِلْبَاطِلِ، أكَّالُونَ لِلْمَالِ الحَرَامِ كَالرِّبا وَالرَّشْوَةِ (السُّحْتِ)، فَإذَا جَاؤُوكَ يَتَحَاكَمُونَ إلَيْكَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أوْ أعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ، فَلاَ عَلَيكَ أنْ لاَ تَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُم لأنَّهُمْ لاَ يَقْصِدُونَ، بِمَجِيئِهِمْ إليكَ لِلتَّحَاكُمِ، اتِّبَاعَ الحَقِّ، بَلْ يُرِيدُونَ أنْ تَحْكُمَ لَهُمْ بِمَا يُوافِقُ أهْواءَهُمْ.

(وَهَذا الحُكْمُ خَاصٌّ بِالمُعَاهِدِينَ دُونَ أهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ، فَبِالنِّسْبَةِ لِلمُعَاهِدِينَ لاَ يَجِبُ عَلى المُسْلِمِينَ أَنْ يَحْكُمُوا بَيْنَهُم (كَالأَجَانِبِ المُوجُودِينَ فِي بِلاَدِ المُسْلِمِينَ)، وَإِنْ تَحَاكَمُوا إِلَيْهِمْ، بَلِ المُسْلِمُونَ مُخَيَّرُونَ فِي ذَلِكَ حَسْبَمَا يَرَوْنَ فِيهِ المَصْلَحَةَ.

وَأمّا أهْلُ الذِّمَّةِ فَيَجِبُ الحُكْمُ بَيْنَهُمْ إذَا تَحَاكَمُوا إلى المُسْلِمِينَ، لأنَّ مَنْ أُخِذَتْ مِنُهُ الجِزْيَةُ تَجْرِي عَلَيهِ أحْكَامُ الإِسْلاَمِ، فِي البُيُوعِ وَالمَوَارِيثِ، وَالعُقُودِ، عَدَا بَيْعِ الخَمْرِ وَالخِنزِيرِ).

(وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍِ هَذا الحُكْمُ مَنْسُوخٌ بِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {وَأَنِ ٱحْكُم بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ}.

ثُمَّ يَقُولُ تَعَالَى لِنَبِّيهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم: وَإِذَا أرَدْتَ أنْ تَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَاحْكُمْ بِالحَقِّ وَالعَدْلِ، لأنَّ اللهَ يُحِبُّ الذِينَ يَقْضُونَ بِالعَدْلِ (المُقْسِطِينَ).

السُّحْتُ – المَالُ الحَرَامُ – كالرَّشْوَةِ وِالفَائِدَةِ وَالقِمَارِ.
بِالقِسْطِ – بِالعَدْلِ.
المُقْسِطِينَ – العَادِلِينَ فِي الحُكْمِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 42

42. Allah Almighty repeats that they are all eager to listen to lies. Thus He characterizes them as deceivers greedy to make money fraudulently, by means of usury and bribes. “If they apply to you for judgement,” He says, “either judge between them or turn them away. You need fear nothing in turning them away, for it is not because they intend to follow the true path that they appeal to you. Rather, they want you to deliver a judgement which corresponds with their wishes.” (This ruling is applicable only to those who have concluded a pact with the prophet, and does not apply to free non-Muslims who enjoy Muslim protection. With regard to the former (such as strangers in Islamic territories), Muslims are not obliged to judge between them, even if they are requested to do so. Muslims have the right to act in the interest of welfare as they see fit. As for the inhabitants of lands under Muslim legislation, Muslims must judge between them if requested to do so; for whoever pays tribute comes under Islamic law in matters concerning trade, inheritance, and contracts, with the exception of sales of wine and pork. According to Ibn Abbas, the preceding was abrogated by the following Quranic verse: “Judge between them according to Allah’s revelations.” (See verse 49 below)
Almighty Allah tells His prophet: “If you decide to act as their judge, be fair, for Allah loves those who judge with perfect fairness.”

{وَكَيْفَ يُحَكِّمُونَكَ وَعِنْدَهُمُ ٱلتَّوْرَاةُ فِيهَا حُكْمُ ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ يَتَوَلَّوْنَ مِن بَعْدِ ذٰلِكَ وَمَآ أُوْلَـٰئِكَ بِٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ}

{ٱلتَّوْرَاةُ} {أُوْلَـٰئِكَ}

(43) – وَيُنْكِرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى هَؤُلاءِ مَقَاصِدَهُمُ الزَّائِفَةَ، وَنِيَّاتِهِمْ الفَاسِدَةَ، فِي تَرْكِهِمْ مَا يَعْتَقِدُونَ صِحَّتَهُ مِنَ الكِتَابِ الذِي بِأيْدِيهِمْ، وَالذِي يَزْعُمُونَ أنَّهُمْ مَأمُورُونَ بِالتَّمَسُّكِ بِهِ أبداً، ثُمَّ يَخْرُجُونَ عَنْ حُكْمِهِ إلَى غَيْرِهِ (القُرْآنِ وَالإِسْلامِ)، مِمَّا يَعْتَقِدُونَ بُطْلاَنَهُ، وَعَدَمَ لُزُومِهِ لَهُمْ. فَقَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى لِرَسُولِهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم: كَيْفَ يُحَكِّمُونَكَ فِي أمْرِ الزُّنَاةِ وَعِنْدَهُمُ التَّورَاةَ فِيهَا حُكْمُ اللهِ، وَإذا أَرَدْتَ أَنْتَ أنْ تَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا يَتَّفِقُ مَعَ شَرْعِهِمْ، لَمْ يَقْبَلُوا حُكْمَكَ (يَتَوَلَّوْنَ) لأنَّهُمْ لَيْسُوا مُؤْمِنينَ إيمَاناً صَحِيحاً لا بِدِينِهِمْ، وَلاَ بِدِينِكَ.

يَتَوَلَّوْنَ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ – يُعْرِضُونَ عَنْ حُكْمِكَ المُوَافِقِ لِحُكْمِ التَّوْرَاةِ بَعْدَ تَحْكِيمِكَ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 43

43. Allah Almighty is furious to see such people acting according to false principles and bad intentions, abandoning the precepts they believe to be true of the Book they have in their hands. They pretend to have acknowledged the command to hold fast to their Book for ever, but they transgress its precepts and follow another (the Quran and Islam), which they consider to be false and worthless. Allah therefore says to His prophet: “How can it be that they apply to you for judgement on the subject of adultery when they have the Torah which contains the judgement of Allah? If you pronounce sentence according to their laws, they will not accept your judgement (“they will reject it”), for in reality they believe neither in their religion nor in yours.”

{إِنَّآ أَنزَلْنَا ٱلتَّوْرَاةَ فِيهَا هُدًى وَنُورٌ يَحْكُمُ بِهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّونَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُواْ لِلَّذِينَ هَادُواْ وَٱلرَّبَّانِيُّونَ وَٱلأَحْبَارُ بِمَا ٱسْتُحْفِظُواْ مِن كِتَابِ ٱللَّهِ وَكَانُواْ عَلَيْهِ شُهَدَآءَ فَلاَ تَخْشَوُاْ ٱلنَّاسَ وَٱخْشَوْنِ وَلاَ تَشْتَرُواْ بِآيَاتِي ثَمَناً قَلِيلاً وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـٰئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْكَافِرُونَ}

{ٱلتَّوْرَاةَ} {وَٱلرَّبَّانِيُّونَ} {كِتَابِ} {بِآيَاتِي} {فَأُوْلَـٰئِكَ} {ٱلْكَافِرُونَ}

(44) – يَمْدَحُ اللهُ تَعَالَى التَّوْرَاةَ، فَيَقُولُ: إنَّهُ أنْزَلَهَا وَفِيهَا هُدًى وَنُورٌ، يَحْكُمُ بِهَا الأنْبِيَاءُ الذِينَ أسْلَمُوا وُجُوهَهُمْ لِرَبِّهِمْ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ (وَهُمْ مُوسَى وَمَنْ جَاءَ بَعْدَهُ مِنْ أَنْبِيَاءَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ) بَيْنَ اليَهُودِ لاَ يَخْرُجُونَ عَنْ حُكْمِهَا، وَلاَ يُبَدِّلُونَها وَلاَ يُحَرِّفُونَها. وَيَحْكُمُ بِهَا العُلَمَاءُ العُبَّادُ (الرَّبَّانِيُّونَ)، وَالعُلَمَاءُ (الأَحْبَارُ) بِمَا اسْتُوْدِعُوا (اسْتُحْفِظُوا) مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ الذِي أُمِرُوا بِأنْ يَحْفَظُوهُ مِنَ التَّبْدِيلِ، وَبِأنْ يُظْهِرُوهُ، وَيَعْمَلُوا بِأَحْكَامِهِ. ثُمَّ خَاطَبَ اللهُ تَعَالَى رُؤَسَاءَ اليَهُودِ الذِينَ كَانُوا فِي زَمَنِ التَّنْزِيلِ فَقَالَ: كَيْفَ لاَ يَخَافُونَ اللهَ فِي الكِتْمَانِ وَالتَّبْدِيلِ، بَعْدَ أنْ قَصَّ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِمْ سِيرَةَ السَّلَفِ الصَّالِحِ مِنْ بَنِي إسْرَائِيلَ عَلَّهُمْ يَعْتَبِرُونَ وَيَرْعَوُونَ عَنْ غَيِّهِمْ. ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ: وَإِذَا كَانَ الحَالُ كَذَلِكَ أيُّهَا الأحْبَارُ، وَلاَ شَكَّ فِي أنَّكُمْ لا تُنْكِرُونَهُ، فَلا تَخْشَوا النَّاسَ فَتَكْتُمُوا مَا عِنْدَكُمْ مِنَ الكِتَابِ، خَشْيَةَ النَّاسِ، أَوْ طَمَعاً فِي مَنْفَعَةٍ عَاجِلَةٍ مِنْهُ، وَأخْشَوْنِي أنَا وَاقْتَدُوا بِمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ مِنَ الرَّبَّانِيِّينَ وَالأحْبَارِ، وَاحْفَظُوا التَّوْرَاةَ، وَلا تَعْدِلُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّ النَّفْعَ وَالضَّرَرَ بِيَدِ اللهِ، وَلاَ تَتْرُكُوا بَيَانَ أَحْكَامِ التَّوْرَاةِ لِلْنَّاسِ، وَالعَمَلِ بِهَا، لِقَاءَ مَنْفَعَةٍ دُنْيَوِيَّةٍ قَلِيلَةٍ تَأْخُذُونَها مِنَ النَّاسِ كَرَشْوَةٍ أوْ جَاهٍ.

وَكُلُّ مَنْ يَرْغَبُ عَنِ الحُكْمِ بِمَا أنْزَلَ اللهُ مِنْ شَرْعٍ، وَيُخْفِيهِ وَيَحْكُمُ بِغَيْرِهِ (كَحُكْمِ اليَهُودِ فِي الزَّانِيَيْنِ المُحْصَنَيْنِ بِالتَّحْمِيمِ وَالجَلْدِ، وَكِتْمَانِ الرَّجْمِ، وَقَضَائِهِمْ فِي بَعْضِ قَتْلاَهِمْ بِدِيَةٍ كَامِلَةٍ، وَفِي بَعْضِهِمْ بِنِصْفِ دِيَةٍ، مَعَ أنَّ اللهَ قَدْ سَوَّى بَيْنَ الجَمِيعِ فِي الحُكْمِ)، فَأولَئِكَ هُمُ الكَافِرُونَ الذِينَ سَتَرُوا الحَقَّ الذِي كَانَ عَلَيهِ كَشْفُهُ وَتَبْيِينُهُ لِلنَّاسِ.

أَسْلَمُوا – انْقَادُوا لِحُكْمِ رَبِّهِمْ فِي التَّورَاةِ.
الرَّبَّانِيُّونَ – العُلَمَاءُ الفُقَهَاءُ.
الأحْبَارُ – عُلَمَاءُ اليَهُودِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 44

44. Almighty Allah then praises the Torah and says that He revealed it, and that in it there is light and guidance so that it might serve those prophets sincerely devoted to Allah (meaning Moses (peace be upon him) and the other prophets of the children of Israel who succeeded him) to judge between the Jews by confining themselves to its precepts, without falsifying or modifying them. The Torah can also serve the priests and high priests in judging between scholars according to the standards set down in the scripture of Allah, which they were commanded to safeguard unchanged and to promulgate, and whose precepts they must obey. Allah then addresses Himself to those Jewish scholars who lived at the time when the Quran was being revealed, saying: “How can you not fear Allah in falsifying or altering certain things, especially since Allah Almighty has recounted the history of your pious ancestors among the children of Israel in the hope that you would derive good lessons from it and amend your ways?” And Allah adds: “If it is so, O high priests, and surely you will not deny it, do not fear men and do not falsify the scriptures you know so well, through fear of men or in the hope of some short-term profit. Fear me, rather, and follow the example of the priests and high priests who preceded you. For it is Allah who decides what is beneficial and what is harmful. Safeguard the Pentateuch and do not alter its precepts. Persevere in explaining to your people the lessons of the Torah and in encouraging them to obey it, instead of chasing some base ephemeral gain from people, such as a bribe or some honour or other.” Whoever fails to judge according to the rules which Allah has revealed falsifies them and changes their import (this is what is happening in the case of the Jews who condemn adulterers to have their faces dyed black and to be flogged, and conceal the sentence of stoning which is inscribed in their Book. They sentence certain people to pay the full blood-price, and others to pay only half, depending on who is killed, although Allah has said that everyone must be treated equally). Such people are unbelievers, who have violated the truth which they should be revealing and promulgating to the human race.

{وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَآ أَنَّ ٱلنَّفْسَ بِٱلنَّفْسِ وَٱلْعَيْنَ بِٱلْعَيْنِ وَٱلأَنْفَ بِٱلأَنْفِ وَٱلأُذُنَ بِٱلأُذُنِ وَٱلسِّنَّ بِٱلسِّنِّ وَٱلْجُرُوحَ قِصَاصٌ فَمَن تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ لَّهُ وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـٰئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّالِمُونَ}

{فَأُوْلَـٰئِكَ} {ٱلظَّالِمُونَ}

(45) – جَاءَتِ التَّوْرَاةُ بِشِرْعَةِ القِصَاصِ: فَالنَّفْسُ تُقْتَلُ بِالنَّفْسِ، وَلَكِنَّ اليَهُودُ يُخَالِفُونَ هَذا الحُكْمَ عَمْداً وَعِنَاداً: فَقَدْ كَانَتْ قَبِيلَتَا بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَبَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ تَتَحَارَبَانِ وَتَتَقَاتَلاَنِ، وَكَانَتْ قَبِيلَةُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ قَوِيَّةً عَزِيزَةَ الجَانِبِ، وَكَانَ بَنُو قُرَيْظَةَ ضُعَفَاءَ أذِلاَّءَ، فَكَانَ النَّضِيرِيُّ إذَا قَتَلَ قُرَظِيّاً، لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيُقْتَلَ بِهِ، بَلْ يُعْدِلُ فِيهِ إلى الدِّيَةِ. أمَّا إذا قَتَلَ القُرَظِيُّ نَضيرِيّاً، فَكَانَ يُقْتُلُ بِهِ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ مُخَالَفَةٌ لِحُكْمِ التَّوْرَاةِ.

كَمَا خَالَفُوا حُكْمَ التَّوْرَاةِ فِي تَرْكِ رَجْمِ الزَّانِي المُحْصَنِ، كَمَا أمَرَتْ بِهِ التَّوْرَاةُ، وَعَدَلُوا عَنْهُ إلَى الجَلْدِ وَالتَّحْمِيمِ. وَقَضَتِ التَّوْرَاةُ بِأنْ تُفْقَأ العَيْنُ بِالعَيْنِ، وَبِأنْ يُجْدَعَ الأنْفُ بِالأنْفِ، وَأنْ تُصْلَمَ الأذْنُ بِالأذْنِ، وَأنْ تُنزعَ السِّنُّ بِالسِّنِّ.

أمَّا الجِرَاحُ فَيَتِمُّ فِيهَا القِصَاصُ إذَا كَانَتْ فِي مِفْصَلٍ، فَقُتْطَعُ اليَدُ وَالرِّجْلُ وَالكَفُّ وَالقَدَمُ وَنَحْوُ ذَلِكَ. أَمَّا إذا كَانَ الجُرْحُ فِي عَظْمٍ وَلَيْسَ فِي مِفْصَلٍ، فَاخْتُلِفَ فِي كَيْفِيَّةِ التَّطْبِيقِ.

فَمَنْ عَفَا وَتَصَدَّقَ بِحَقّهِ فِي القِصَاصِ عَلَى الجَانِي، كَانَ التَّصَدُّقُ كَفَّارَةً لَهُ يَمْحُو اللهُ بِهَا قَدْراً مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ.

ثُمَّ يَقُولُ تَعَالَى: وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أنْزَلَ اللهُ فِي كُتُبِهِ مِنْ شْرعٍ، فَأولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ، لأنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُنْصِفُوا المَظْلُومَ مِنَ الظَّالِمِ، فِي أمْرٍ أمَرَ اللهُ بِالعَدْلِ وَالمُسَاوَاةِ فِيهِ بَيْنَ جَميعِ خَلْقِهِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 45

45. The Pentateuch introduced the law of “an eye for an eye”: one human soul for the killing of another human soul. But the Jews have deliberately and obstinately contravened this principle. The two tribes of Bani Qurayda and Bani Nudayr warred against each other. The Bani Nudayr were powerful and invincible, whereas the Bani Qurayda were weak and pitiful. When a member of the Bani Nudayr killed one of the other tribe, he was not himself condemned to death. Instead of execution, the payment of blood-money was substituted. However, when a member of the Bani Qurayda killed a Nudayri, he was himself executed. This contravened the precepts of the Torah. They also contravened the precepts of the Torah by renouncing stoning as a punishment for adultery and substituting the punishment of whipping the criminal and dyeing his face black. The Torah ordains that an eye should be put out to avenge an eye, a nose mutilated for a nose, an ear severed for an ear, and a tooth pulled for a tooth. The law of retaliation should also be applied in cases of injury to joints of the body. According to each particular case, an arm should be cut off, or a leg, a hand, a foot… If, however, the wound is inflicted on a bone rather than a joint, there is some disagreement as to how the law of retaliation should be applied. He who forgives his attacker and renounces compensation in the name of alms, his charitable deed will be treated as expiation for a portion of his sins. Allah Almighty says: “Whoever fails to judge according to the law which Allah has promulgated in the scriptures is wicked.” For such a person will not have rendered justice to the oppressed against the oppressor, in a case where Allah ordains equal justice for all His servants.

{وَقَفَّيْنَا عَلَىٰ آثَارِهِم بِعَيسَى ٱبْنِ مَرْيَمَ مُصَدِّقاً لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ ٱلتَوْرَاةِ وَآتَيْنَاهُ ٱلإِنجِيلَ فِيهِ هُدًى وَنُورٌ وَمُصَدِّقاً لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ ٱلتَّوْرَاةِ وَهُدًى وَمَوْعِظَةً لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ}

{آثَارِهِم} {ٱلتَوْرَاةِ} {وَآتَيْنَاهُ}

(46) – وَأرْسَلْنَا مِنْ بَعْدِ هَؤُلاءِ الأنْبِيَاءِ مِنْ بَنِي إسْرَائِيلَ عِيسَى بْنَ مَرْيَمَ مُؤْمِناً بِالتَّوْرَاةِ، وَحَاكِماً بِمَا فِيهَا مِنْ أَحْكَامٍ، وَأَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْهِ الإِنْجِيلَ فِيهِ هُدًى لِلْحَقِّ، وَبَيَانٌ للأحْكَامِ، وَنُورٌ يُسْتَضَاءُ بِهِ فِي إِزَالَةِ الشُّبُهَاتِ، وَحَلِّ المُشْكِلاتِ. وَجَاءَ الإِنْجِيلُ مُصَدِّقاً لِلْتَّورَاةِ، وَمُتَّبعاً لَهَا، غَيْرَ مُخَالِفٍ لِمَا فِيهَا إلاّ فِي القَلِيلِ مِمَّا بَيَّنَ لِبَنِي إسْرَائِيلَ بَعْضَ مَا كَانُوا يَخْتَلِفُونَ فِيهِ. وَجَعَلْنَا الإِنْجِيلَ هُدًى يَهْتَدِي بِهِ المُتَّقُونَ، وَوَاعِظاً وَزَاجِراً لَهُمْ عَنِ ارْتِكَابِ مَا حَرَّمَ اللهُ، وَعَنِ اقْتِرَافِ المَآثِمِ.

قَفَّاهُ بِهِ – جَعَلَهُ يَقْفُو أثَرَهُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 46

46. After these prophets among the children of Israel, We sent Jesus the son of Mary to reinforce the teachings of the Pentateuch and to judge according to its commandments. We revealed the Gospel to him, as a guide to the truth and an explanation of the laws, and a light sent to illuminate the truth, to eliminate ambiguities and resolve problems. The Gospel was sent to confirm the Torah and to follow in its path, not to contradict it, except in a few matters designed to resolve differences between the children of Israel. We designed the Gospel as a guide which serves to indicate the true path to those who fear Allah, to exhort them not to commit acts which Allah has forbidden and to reprimand them for any sins they might have committed.

{وَلْيَحْكُمْ أَهْلُ ٱلإِنْجِيلِ بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فِيهِ وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـٰئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْفَاسِقُونَ}

{فَأُوْلَـٰئِكَ} {ٱلْفَاسِقُونَ}

(47) – يَأْمُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى أَهْلَ الإِنْجِيلِ بِأَنْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِجَمِيعِ مَا جَاءَ فِيهِ مِنَ الأحْكَامِ، وَبِأنْ يَعْمَلُوا بِهَا، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ مِنْ شَرْعٍ يُؤْمِنُ بِهِ، كَانَ مِنَ الفَاسِقِينَ الخَارِجِينَ عَنْ طَاعَةِ اللهِ وَحُكْمِهِ.

الفَاسِقُونَ – الخَارِجُونَ مِنْ حَظِيرَةِ الدِّينِ، المُتَجَاوِزُونَ لأحْكَامِهِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 47

47. Allah Almighty commands students of the Gospel to believe in all its precepts and obey them. Whoever fails to judge according to the law of Allah in which he believes is considered to be among the seditious who refuse to obey and who rebel against Allah’s commandments.

{وَأَنزَلْنَآ إِلَيْكَ ٱلْكِتَابَ بِٱلْحَقِّ مُصَدِّقاً لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ ٱلْكِتَابِ وَمُهَيْمِناً عَلَيْهِ فَٱحْكُم بَيْنَهُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ وَلاَ تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَآءَهُمْ عَمَّا جَآءَكَ مِنَ ٱلْحَقِّ لِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مِنكُمْ شِرْعَةً وَمِنْهَاجاً وَلَوْ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ لَجَعَلَكُمْ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَلَـٰكِن لِّيَبْلُوَكُمْ فِي مَآ آتَاكُم فَاسْتَبِقُوا الخَيْرَاتِ إِلَىٰ الله مَرْجِعُكُمْ جَمِيعاً فَيُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمْ فِيهِ تَخْتَلِفُونَ}

{ٱلْكِتَابَ} {ٱلْكِتَابِ} {وَاحِدَةً} {آتَاكُم} {الخَيْرَاتِ}

(48) – وَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى القُرْآنَ (الكِتَابَ) إلَيكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ بِالحَقِّ وَالصِّدْقِ الذِي لاَ رَيْبَ فِيهِ، وَلاَ شَكَّ فِي أَنَّهُ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللهِ، مُصَدِّقاً لِلْكُتُبِ السَّابِقَةِ المُتَضَمِّنَةِ ذِكْرَهُ وَمَدْحَهُ، وَالإِشَارَةَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ مُنْزَّلٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللهِ عَلَى عَبْدِهِ وَرَسُولِهِ مُحَمَّدٍ صلى الله عليه وسلم، فَكَانَ نُزُولَهُ كَمَا أَخْبَرْتَ بِهِ مِمَّا زَادَهَا صِدْقاً عِنْدَ حَامِلِيها مِنْ ذَوي البَصَائِرِ، الذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا أمْرَ اللهِ وَشَرْعَهُ، وَصَدَّقُوا رُسُلَهُ.

وَالقُرْآنُ جَاءَ أمِيناً عَلَى الكُتُبِ السَّابِقَةِ، وَشَاهِداً عَلَيْهَا بِالحَقِّ وَالصِّحَّةِ بِمَا بَيَّنَهُ مِنْ حَقِيقَةِ أمْرِهَا (مُهَيْمِناً عَلَيْهِ)، وَمُبَيِّناً حَالَ مَنْ خُوطِبُوا بِهَا: مِنْ نِسْيانِ حَظٍّ عَظيمٍ مِنْهَا، وَتَحْرِيفِ كَثيرٍ مِمَّا بَقِيَ، أَوْ تَأْوِيلِهِ، وَالإِعْرَاضِ عَنِ العَمَلِ بِهِ.

وَبِمَا أنَّ القُرْآنَ جَاءَ رَقِيباً وَأمِيناً وَشَاهِداً (مُهَيْمِناً) عَلَى الكُتُبِ السَّابِقَةِ، التِي أَنْزَلَهَا اللهُ عَلَى أنْبِيَائِهِ، فَاحْكُمْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ بَيْنَ أهْلِ الكِتَابِ – إذا تَحَاكَمُوا إلَيكَ – بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ إليكَ مِنَ الأحْكَامِ، دُونَ مَا أنْزَلَهُ اللهُ إلَيْهِمْ، لأنَّ شَرِيعَتَكَ نَاسِخَةٌ لِشَرِيعَتِهِمْ، وَلاَ تَتَّبِعَ أهْوَاءَهُمْ وَرَغَبَاتِهِمْ فِي الحُكْمِ لَهُمْ بِمَا يَسْتَحِقُّونَ، وَيَخِفُّ احْتِمَالُهُ.

ثُمَّ يَذْكُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى أنَّهُ جَعَلَ لِكُلِّ أمَّةٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ شَرِيعَةً أوْجَبَ عَلَيهْمِ إقَامَةَ أَحْكَامِهَا، وَمِنْهَاجِاً وَطَرِيقاً فَرَضَ عَلَيهِمْ سُلُوكَهُ لِتَزْكِيَةِ نُفُوسِهِمْ (فَأصْلُ الدِّينِ وَاحِدٌ، وَلَكِنَّ الشَّرَائِعَ العَمَلِيَّةَ تَخْتَلِفُ بِاخْتِلافِ أحْوَالِ البَشَرِ، وَطِبَاعِهِمْ وَاسْتِعْدَادِهِمْ).

وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللهُ أنْ يَجْعَلَ النَّاسَ أمَّةً وَاحدَةً، ذَاتَ شَرِيعَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَمِنْهَاجٍ وَاحِدٍ، يَسِيرُونَ عَلَيْهِ، لَفَعَلَ، وَلَكِنَّهُ تَعَالَى لَمْ يَشَأْ، لِيَخْتَبِرَهُمْ فِيمَا شَرَعَ لَهُمْ، وَلِيُثِيبَهُمْ عَلَى طَاعَتِهِ، وَيُعَاقِبَهُمْ عَلَى مَعْصِيَتِهِ.

وَيَحُثُّ اللهُ تَعَالَى النَّاسَ عَلَى المُبَادَرَةِ وَالإِسراعِ إلَى طَاعَةِ اللهِ، وَاتِّبَاعِ شَرْعِهِ الذِي جَعَلَهُ نَاسِخاً مَا قَبْلَهُ مِنَ الشَرَائِعِ، وَيُخْبِرُهُمْ أنَّ إلَيهِ مَرْجِعَهُمْ وَمَصِيرَهُمْ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ، فَيُخْبِرُهُمْ بِمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الحَقِّ، وَيَجْزِي كُلَّ عَامِلٍ بِعَمَلِهِ.

المِنْهَاجُ – السُّنَّةُ وَالسَّبِيلُ.
الابْتِلاءُ – الاخْتِبَارُ.
مُهَيْمناً – أمِيناً عَلَى الكُتُبِ السَّابِقَةِ وَشَاهِداً عَلَيهَا.
اسْتَبِقُوا الخَيْرَاتِ – ابْتَدِرُوا إلَيها وَسَارعُوا.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 48

48. O Mohammad, Allah has revealed to you the Quran (“the Book”), the expression of absolute truth. There can be no doubt that it issues from Allah to confirm the preceding Books which mention it, praise it, and specify that it is a divine revelation to Mohammad (peace be upon him), the servant and messenger of Allah. After having demonstrated the way in which the previous scriptures announced the Quran, the Quran confirms their veracity in the eyes of clear-sighted students of those Books, who worked according to Allah’s orders and laws and believed in His messengers. The Quran was faithful to the preceding Books and bore witness to their veracity by demonstrating that they embodied the truth (enfolding it), and by indicating the state of those to whom they had been addressed: It asserted, in fact, that they had forgotten a large part of their scriptures, distorted or misinterpreted the rest, and had not observed their precepts in their behaviour.

Since the Quran is designed to bear witness to the earlier scriptures Allah revealed to His prophets, and to confirm their truth, judge, O Mohammad (peace be upon him), between the people of the Book, if they appeal to you, according to what Allah has revealed to you, and not according to what He sent down to them. For your precepts abrogate theirs. Do not be influenced by their passions and prejudices in forming your judgements concerning them, with the intention of making things easier for them to bear. Allah Almighty then says that He has given each nation one law to respect and one path to follow in order to purify their souls. For religion has one sole source, but the appropriate laws vary according to the general state of the people, their customs, and their aptitudes. If Allah Almighty had wanted all human beings to form one single community, with one single law and an identical path, He would have arranged it so. But He did not want that, in order to test people by promulgating laws specifically for them and rewarding them for their obedience and punishing them for transgressing the divine commandments. Allah urges mankind to hasten to obey Him and follow His laws which abrogate all those which preceded them. He tells them that it is to Him that they will all return on the Day of Resurrection, and that He will then reveal to them the truth about everything which had caused them to disagree with each other, and that He will treat everyone according to their deserts.

{وَأَنِ ٱحْكُم بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ وَلاَ تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَآءَهُمْ وَٱحْذَرْهُمْ أَن يَفْتِنُوكَ عَن بَعْضِ مَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ فَإِن تَوَلَّوْاْ فَٱعْلَمْ أَنَّمَا يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ أَن يُصِيبَهُم بِبَعْضِ ذُنُوبِهِمْ وَإِنَّ كَثِيراً مِّنَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَفَاسِقُونَ}

{لَفَاسِقُونَ}

(49) – قَالَ بَعْضُ رُؤَسَاءِ اليَهُودِ لِبَعْضٍ: اذْهَبُوا بِنَا إلَى مُحَمَّدٍ لَعَلَّنَا نَفْتِنُهُ عَنْ دِينِهِ. فَأتَوْهُ فَقَالُوا: يَا مُحَمَّدُ إنَّكَ عَرَفْتَ أَنَّا أحْبَارُ يَهُودَ وَأشْرَافُهُمْ وَسَادَتُهُمْ، وَإِنَّا إنِ اتَّبَعَنَاكَ اتَّبَعَنَا يَهُودُ وَلَمْ يُخَالِفُونَا، وَإِنَّ بَيْنَنا وَبَيْنَ قَوْمِنَا خُصُومَةً، فَنُخَاصِمُهُمْ إلَيكَ فَتَقْضِي لَنَا عَلَيْهِمْ، وَنُؤْمِنُ لَكَ وَنُصَدِّقُكَ. فَأَبَى الرَّسُولُ صلى الله عليه وسلم ذَلِكَ وَأنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الآيَةَ فِيهِمْ.

وَفِي هَذِهِ الآيَةِ يُؤَكِّدُ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى مَا أَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولَهُ مِنَ الحُكْمِ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الكِتَابِ بِمَا أنْزَلَ اللهُ إلَيْهِ فِي القُرْآنِ، وَيُحَذِّرُهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَفْتِنَهُ اليَهُودُ، وَيَصْرِفُوهُ عَنِ الحَقِّ، وَيَأمُرُهُ بألاَّ يَغْتَرَّ بِهِمْ، فَهُمْ كَذَبَةٌ كَفَرَةٌ. ثٌمَّ يَقُولُ تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ: فَإنْ أعْرَضُوا عَنْ حُكْمِكَ بَعْدَ تَحَاكُمِهِمْ إِلَيْكَ، فَاعْلَمْ أنَّ ذَلِكَ كَائِنٌ عَنْ إِرَادَةِ اللهِ، وَمَشِيئَتِهِ، وَحكْمَتِهِ فِيهِمْ، أنْ يَصْرِفَهُمْ عَنِ الهُدَى لِيُعَذِّبَهُمْ بِبَعْضِ ذُنُوبِهِمْ فِي الحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا قَبْلَ الآخِرَةِ، وَإنَّ أكْثَرَ النَّاسِ خَارِجُونَ عَنْ طَاعَةِ اللهِ، مُخَالِفُونَ لِلْحَقِّ.

أنْ يَفْتِنُوكَ – أنْ يَمِيلُوا بِكَ عَنِ الحَقِّ إلَى البَاطِلِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 49

49. Some of the Jewish leaders said to the others: “Let us go to Mohammad (peace be upon him) and see if we can tempt him and turn him away from his religion.” They went to him therefore and said: “O Mohammad, you know that we are high priests, the most noteworthy men among the Jews and their leaders. You know that if we follow you the Jews will follow us and will not countermand us. There are some major differences between us and our people. We will ask them to come to you and appeal to you for judgement between us. You will then judge in our favour and we will accept your message and convert to your religion.” The prophet refused to act as they requested, and Allah revealed this verse about them.

In this verse, Allah Almighty reinforces His earlier commands to Mohammad (peace be upon him) to judge between the people of the Book according to the Quran which Allah has sent to him. He warns him against the danger of being tempted by the Jews and turned aside from the path of truth. He orders him not to be deceived by them, for they are liars and unbelievers. Then He says to His prophet: “If they turn their backs on you after having appealed to you for your judgement, know that it is Allah who intended it so, and that this depends on His Will and issues from His wisdom.” Thus He turns them from the true path in order to punish them for their sins. Most people break Allah’s laws and violate justice.

{أَفَحُكْمَ ٱلْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَبْغُونَ وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ حُكْماً لِّقَوْمٍ يُوقِنُونَ}

{ٱلْجَاهِلِيَّةِ}

(50) – أَيَتَوَلَّوْنَ عَنْ حُكْمِكَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أنْزَلَ اللهُ؟ فَهَلْ يُرِيدُونَ حُكْماً كَحُكْمِ الجَاهِلِيَّةِ المَبْنِيِّ عَلَى التَحَيُّزِ وَالهَوَى، وَتَرْجِيحِ جَانِبِ القَويِّ عَلَى الضَّعِيفِ؟ وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ اللهِ حُكْماً، وَمَنْ أَعْدَلُ مِنْهُ فَصْلاً؟ لِمَنْ عَقَلَ شَرْعَ اللهِ وَآمَنَ بِهِ؟

(نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ حِينَمَا تَخَاصَمَ إلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَهُودٌ مِنْ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، وَيَهُودٌ مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، طَالِبِينَ إلَيهِ أنْ يَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا كَانُوا اتَّفَقُوا عَلَيْهِ فِي المَاضِي (أَيَّامَ الجَاهِلِيَّةِ) مِنْ أنْ تَكُونَ دِيَةُ القُرَظيِّ نِصْفَ دِيَةِ النَّضِيرِيِّ، لأنَّ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ كَانُوا أَقْوَى مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، وَأعَزَّ جَانِباً، فَفَرَضُوا عَلَيْهِمْ ذَلِكَ. فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم (القَتْلَى بَوَاءٌ – أيْ سَواءٌ). فَقَالَ بَنُو النَّضِير: لا نَقْبَلُ ذَلِكَ).

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 50

50. Do they renounce your judgement concerning Allah’s message? Do they seek a sentence such as might have been delivered in the time of ignorance (the pre-Islamic period), founded on prejudice and passion, favouring the strong over the weak? What better judge is there than Allah for those who have understood Allah’s law and trust in Him? (This verse was revealed when some Jews of the Bani Nudayr and others from the Bani Qurayda appealed to the prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him), and asked him to judge between them according to the precepts of the past (in the pagan period); that is: that the blood-price for a member of the Qurayda tribe should be half as much as that paid for a dead Nudayri. For the Nudayri were stronger and more powerful than the Bani Qurayda, and had imposed this system on them. The prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) said: “The murdered all have equal rights.” The Nudayri replied: “We refuse to accept that.”)

{يَـٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ ٱلْيَهُودَ وَٱلنَّصَارَىٰ أَوْلِيَآءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِّنكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لاَ يَهْدِي ٱلْقَوْمَ ٱلظَّالِمِينَ}

{يَـٰأَيُّهَا} {آمَنُواْ} {وَٱلنَّصَارَىٰ} {ٱلظَّالِمِينَ}

(51) – يَنْهَى اللهُ تَعَالَى المُؤْمِنينَ عَنْ مُوَالاَةِ اليَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى، وَاتِّخَاذِهِمْ حُلَفاءَ لَهُمْ عَلَى أهْلِ الإِيمَانِ بِاللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَيَقُولُ لَهُمْ إنَّ مَنْ يَتَّخِذُهُمْ نُصَرَاءَ وَحُلَفَاءَ وَأَوْلِيَاءَ مِنْ دُونِ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، فَهُوَ مِنْهُمْ فِي التَّحَزُّبِ عَلى اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَالمُؤْمِنينَ. وَإنَّ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ بَرِيئَانِ مِنْهُ. وَمَنْ يَتَولَّى أعْدَاءَ اللهِ فَهُوَ ظَالِمٌ، وَاللهُ لاَ يَهْدِيهِ إلى الخَيْرِ. وَاليَهُودُ وَالنَّصَارَى بَعْضُهُمْ أوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمُؤْمِنينَ مِنْهُمْ وَلِيٌّ وَلاَ نَصِيرٌ.

الوَلاَيَةُ – التَّنَاصُرُ وَالمُحَالَفَةُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 51

51. Allah Almighty forbids believers to enter into protective alliances with Jews and Christians, and warns them not to form alliances with them against those who believe in Allah and His prophet. He tells them that those who for reasons of self-protection ally themselves with them rather than with Allah and His prophet, identifying with them in an alliance opposed to Allah, His prophet, and the believers, will be cast off by Allah and His prophet. Those who choose the enemies of Allah as allies fall into wickedness, and Allah will not guide them towards righteousness. The Jews and Christians form alliances with each other, and the believers have never found among them either friendship or support.

{فَتَرَى ٱلَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ يُسَارِعُونَ فِيهِمْ يَقُولُونَ نَخْشَىٰ أَن تُصِيبَنَا دَآئِرَةٌ فَعَسَى ٱللَّهُ أَن يَأْتِيَ بِٱلْفَتْحِ أَوْ أَمْرٍ مِّنْ عِندِهِ فَيُصْبِحُواْ عَلَىٰ مَآ أَسَرُّواْ فِيۤ أَنْفُسِهِمْ نَادِمِينَ}

{يُسَارِعُونَ} {دَآئِرَةٌ} {نَادِمِينَ}

(52) – وَإذْ كَانَتْ وَلاَيَةُ أهْلِ الكِتَابِ لاَ يَتْبَعُها إلاَّ الظَّالِمُونَ فَإنَّكَ تَرَى الذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ شَكٌّ وَنِفَاقٌ (مَرَضٌ) يُبَادِرُونَ إلى مُوَالاَتِهِمْ، وَإلَى مُوَادَّتِهِمْ فِي البَاطِنِ وَالظَّاهِرِ، وَيَتَأَوَّلُونَ فِي مَوَدَّتِهِمْ وَفِي مُوَالاَتِهِمْ، أنَّهُمْ يَخْشَوْنَ أَنْ يَقَعَ أمْر مِنْ ظَفَرِ الكَافِرِينَ بِالمُسْلِمِينَ (تُصِيبَنَا دَائِرَةٌ) فَتَكُونَ لَهُمْ أَيَادٍ عِنْدَ اليَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى، فَيَنْفَعُهُمْ ذَلِكَ حِينَئِذٍ. فَعَسَى اللهُ أَنْ يُتِمَّ أمْرَهُ بِنَصْرِ المُسْلِمِينَ، وَيُحَقِّقَ لَهُمُ الفَتْحَ وَالغَلَبَةَ، أَوْ يَتِمَّ أمْرٌ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ كَفَرْضِ الجِزْيَةِ عَلَى اليَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى، فَيُصْبحَ الذِينَ وَالَوْا اليَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى مِنَ المُنَافِقِينَ نَادِمِينَ عَلَى مَا أسَرُّوا فِي أنْفُسِهِمْ مِنْ مُوَالاَةِ هَؤُلاَءِ تَحَسُّباً لِمَا لَمْ يَقَعْ، وَلَمْ يَنْفَعْهُمْ شَيْئاً، وَلاَ دَفَعَ عَنْهُمْ مَحْذُوراً.

(هَذِهِ الآيَةُ وَالتِي قَبْلَهَا نَزَلَتَا فِي عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، وَعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أُبَيِّ بْنِ سَلُولٍ مِنَ الخَزْرَجِ، فَقَدْ كَانَ لَهُمَا حُلَفَاءُ مِنَ اليَهُودِ، فَجَاءَ عُبَادَةَ إلى الرَّسُولِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لِي مَوَالٍ مِنَ اليَهُودِ كَثيرُ عَدَدُهُمْ، وَإني أبْرأ إلى اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ مِنْ وَلاَيَةِ يَهُودٍ، وَأتَوَلَّى اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ.

وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أُبَيِّ بْنِ سَلُولٍ: إنِّي رَجُلٌ أَخَافُ الدَّوَائِرَ وَلاَ أبْرَأ مِنْ وَلاَيَةِ مَوَالِيَّ).

الدَّائِرَةُ – مَا يَدُورُ بِهِ الزَّمَانُ مِنَ المَصَائِبِ.
الفَتْحُ – القَضَاءُ – أَوْ فَتْحُ المُدُنِ وَغَيْرِهَا أوْ نَصْرُ الرَّسُولِ.
أسَرُّوا – أخْفَوْا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 52

52. If the oppressors were to ally themselves with the people of the Book, you would see those hypocrites of wavering faith rushing to ally themselves with them and showing evidence of friendship that they would openly proclaim. They fear that the unbelievers will triumph over the Muslims, and they want to gain a certain credit with the Jews and Christians, which might be useful to them. But perhaps Allah will grant victory to the Muslims and bring them success, or He will impose the payment of tribute on the Jews and Christians. The hypocrites who have allied themselves with the Jews and Christians will then regret their secret thoughts, and will be sorry for having in their hearts sought to associate with them in order to prevent a misfortune which has not occurred. Their thoughts will not have been of any benefit to them and will not have protected them against what they feared. (This verse and the preceding one were revealed in connection with Oubada bni Samet and Abdullah bni Oubay bni Saloul of the Khazraj tribe, who had allies among the Jews. The former came to the prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) and said: “O Messenger of Allah, I have many allies among the Jews. I beg Allah’s forgiveness and His prophet’s for having sought allies among the Jews, and now I ally myself with Allah and His prophet.” Abdullah bni Oubay bni Saloul said: “I am a man who fears a reversal of fortune, and I do not regret having associated myself with an ally.”)

{وَيَقُولُ ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ أَهُـۤؤُلاۤءِ ٱلَّذِينَ أَقْسَمُواْ بِٱللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ إِنَّهُمْ لَمَعَكُمْ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فَأَصْبَحُواْ خَاسِرِينَ}

{آمَنُواْ} {أَيْمَانِهِمْ} {أَعْمَالُهُمْ} {خَاسِرِينَ}

(53) – لَمَّا التَجَأَ هَؤُلاَءِ المُنَافِقُونَ إلَى اليَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى يُوالُونَهُمْ وَيُوادُّونَهُمْ، افْتَضَحَ أَمْرُهُمْ لِعِبَادِ اللهِ المُؤْمِنِينَ، بَعْدَ أنْ كَانُوا يَتَسَتَّرُونَ، لاَ يَدْرِي أحَدٌ كَيْفَ حَالُهُمْ، فَتَعَجَّبَ المُؤْمِنُونَ مِنْهُمْ، كَيْفَ كَانُوا يُظْهِرُونَ أَنَّهُمْ مِنَ المُؤْمِنينَ، يُعَاضِدُونَهُمْ وَيُسَاعِدُونَهُمْ عَلَى أعْدَائِهِمِ اليَهُودِ، فَلَمَّا جَدَّ الجِدُّ أَظْهَرُوا مَا كَانُوا يُخْفُونَ مِنْ مُوَالاَتِهِمْ وَمُمَالأَتِهِمْ عَلَى المُؤْمِنينَ. وَلَمَّا اسْتَبَانَ حَالُهُمْ لِلْمُؤْمِنينَ قَالُوا: لَقَدْ هَلَكَتْ أَعْمَالُ هَؤُلاَءِ المُنَافِقِينَ مِنْ صَلاَةٍ وَصَوْمٍ وَزَكَاةٍ وَجِهَادٍ، وَخَسِرُوا بِذَلِكَ مَا كَانُوا يَرْجُونَهُ مِنَ الثَّوَابِ.

حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهم – هَلَكَتْ وَبَطلَتْ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 53

53. After the hypocrites had applied to the Jews and Christians and formed alliances with them, and had shown friendship towards them, acting so secretly that no one knew the true state of affairs, their true behaviour became known to the believers. Then the believers were astonished to see them act in this way and to realize how deceptive they had been in pretending to belong among the believers, supporting them and helping them against their enemies, the Jews; and how, once the situation became serious, they had revealed their alliances and the hypocrisy they had been concealing. Having discovered their true selves, the believers said: “These hypocrites have forfeited any benefit they might have gained from their good deeds, such as performing their prayers, or fasting, or paying the prescribed alms, or fighting on the side of Allah. They have thus lost all the rewards they might have reaped.”

{يٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ مَن يَرْتَدَّ مِنكُمْ عَن دِينِهِ فَسَوْفَ يَأْتِي ٱللَّهُ بِقَوْمٍ يُحِبُّهُمْ وَيُحِبُّونَهُ أَذِلَّةٍ عَلَى ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَعِزَّةٍ عَلَى ٱلْكَافِرِينَ يُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلاَ يَخَافُونَ لَوْمَةَ لاۤئِمٍ ذٰلِكَ فَضْلُ ٱللَّهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَن يَشَآءُ وَٱللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ}

{يٰأَيُّهَا} {آمَنُواْ} {ٱلْكَافِرِينَ} {يُجَاهِدُونَ} {لاۤئِمٍ} {وَاسِعٌ}

(54) – يُخْبِرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ عَظِيمِ قُدْرَتِهِ وَيَقُولُ إنَّ الذِينَ يَرْتَدَّونَ عَنْ دِينِهِمْ مِنَ الإيِمَانِ إلى الكُفْرِ، وَيَتَوَلَّوْنَ عَنْ نُصْرَةِ دِينِهِ، وَإِقَامَةِ شَرِيعَتِهِ، فَإنَّ اللهَ سَيَسْتَبْدِلُ بِهِمْ مَنْ هُمْ خَيْرٌ مِنْهُمْ، وَأَشَدُّ مَنَعَةً، وَأقْوَمُ سَبِيلاً، يُحِبُّهُمْ وَيُحِبُّونَهُ، يَتَّصِفُونَ بِصِفَاتِ المُؤْمِنِينَ وَهِيَ: العِزَّةُ عَلَى الكَافِرِينَ، وَالرَّحْمَةُ وَالتَّوَاضُعُ مَعَ المُؤْمِنينَ، يُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، وَلاَ يَرُدُّهُمْ رَادٌّ عَنْ إذاعَةِ أمْرِ اللهِ، وَإقَامَةِ حُدُودِهِ، وَقِتَالِ أعْدَائِهِ، يَأْمُرُونَ بِالمَعْرُوفِ، وَيَنْهَونَ عَنِ المُنْكَرِ. وَمَن اتَّصَفَ بِهَذِهِ الصِّفَاِت كَانَ فَضْلُ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ كَبِيراً، وَاللهُ وَاسِعُ الفَضْلِ، عَلِيمٌ بِمَنْ يِسْتَحِقُّ ذَلِكَ فَيُعْطِيهِ، مِمَّنْ لاَ يَسْتَحِقُّهُ فَيَحْرِمُهُ إيَّاهُ.

(وَقِيلَ إنَّ هَذِهِ الآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي أبي بَكْرٍ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ المُهَاجِرِينَ وَالأنْصَارِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ، فَقَدْ عَلِمَ اللهُ أنَّ النَّاسَ سَيَرْتَدُّونَ عَنِ الإِسْلاَمِ، وَأَنَّ عُصْبَةً مِنَ المُؤْمِنينَ، مِنَ المُهَاجِرِينَ وَالأنْصَارِ، سَيَقُومُونَ بِمُحَارَبَةِ المُرْتَدِّينَ، وَأنَّهُمْ سَيَثْبُتُونَ فِي حَرْبِهِمْ حَتَّى يُتِمُّ اللهُ نَصْرَهُ لِلْمُؤْمِنينَ).

الارْتِدَادُ عَنِ الدِّينِ – العَوْدَةُ إلَى الكُفْرِ بَعَدَ الإِيمَانِ.
أذِلَّةٍ عَلَى المُؤْمِنينَ – يَتَوَاضَعُونَ مَعَ المُؤْمِنِينَ رَحْمَةً بِهِمْ
أَعْزَّةٍ عَلَى الكَافِرِينَ – أَشْدَّاءَ عَلَيْهِمْ.
لَوْمَةَ لاَئِمٍ – اعْتِرَاضَ مُعْتَرِضٍ فِي نَصْرِهِم الدِّينَ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 54

54. Speaking of His omnipotence, Allah Almighty says that in the place of apostates who renounce their faith for disbelief and fail to support Allah’s religion and respect His law, He will substitute men who are better and stronger than them, and will follow a straighter and truer path. He will replace them with others whom He will love and who will love Him, and whose qualities will be those of true believers: that is to say, the qualities of being strict in their treatment of unbelievers and humble and merciful towards believers, fighting for Allah’s cause, and refusing to allow anyone to prevent them from proclaiming and spreading Allah’s religion, respecting the bounds He imposes, combatting His enemies, urging people to good actions, and prohibiting wickedness. He knows who merits His grace and He grants it to him, and He knows who does not deserve it, and deprives him of it. (Some people think that this verse was revealed in connection with Abu Bakr and his companions among the emigrants and their allies in Medina. Allah knew that some of them would turn apostate and that one group of believers, emigrants and allies, would combat the apostates and that they would hold out until Allah granted victory to the believers.)

{إِنَّمَا وَلِيُّكُمُ ٱللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ ٱلَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلاَةَ وَيُؤْتُونَ ٱلزَّكَاةَ وَهُمْ رَاكِعُونَ}

{آمَنُواْ} {ٱلصَّلاَةَ} {ٱلزَّكَاةَ} {رَاكِعُونَ}

(55) – يَحُثُّ اللهُ تَعَالَى المُؤْمِنينَ عَلَى مُوَالاَةِ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَالمُؤْمِنينَ الصَّادِقِينَ، الذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ الصَّلاَةَ وَيُؤَدُّونَ زَكَاةَ أمْوَالِهِمْ، وَيُسَاعِدُونَ المُحْتَاجِينَ مِنَ الضُّعَفَاءِ وَالمَسَاكِينِ، وَهُمْ دَائِمُو الرُّكُوعِ للهِ.

(نَزَلْت هَذِهِ الآيَةُ فِي عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ حِينَ بَرِئ مِنْ مُوَالاةِ اليَهُودِ، وَرَضِيَ بِمُوَالاَةِ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ).

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 55

55. Allah Almighty urges the believers to ally themselves with Allah, His messenger, and all who truly believe in Him, to perform their prayers, pay the prescribed alms, assist the poor and the weak who are in need, and continually prostrate themselves before Allah. (This verse was revealed in connection with Oubada bni Samet, when he repented of his alliance with the Jews and accepted Allah and His prophet as allies.)

{وَمَن يَتَوَلَّ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ فَإِنَّ حِزْبَ ٱللَّهِ هُمُ ٱلْغَالِبُونَ}

{آمَنُواْ} {ٱلْغَالِبُونَ}

(56) – وَكُلُّ مَنْ رَضِيَ بِمُوَالاَةِ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَالمُؤمِنينَ هُوَ مُفْلِحٌ فِي الدُّنْيا وَالآخِرَةِ، وَهُوَ مَنْصُورٌ فِي الدُّنْيا وَالآخِرَةِ، لأنَّهُ يَكُونُ فِي حِزْبِ اللهِ، وَحِزْبِ اللهِ هُمُ الغَالِبُونَ، وَلا يُغْلَبُ مَنْ يَتَوَلاَّهُمُ اللهُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 56

56. Whoever accepts Allah, His prophet, and the believers as his allies will be a victor in this world and the next. For he will be on Allah’s side, and those who are on Allah’s side will triumph. Those whom Allah protects are never vanquished.

{يَـٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّخَذُواْ دِينَكُمْ هُزُواً وَلَعِباً مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلْكِتَابَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ وَٱلْكُفَّارَ أَوْلِيَآءَ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ}

{يَـٰأَيُّهَا} {آمَنُواْ} {ٱلْكِتَابَ}

(57) – يُنَفِّرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى المُؤْمِنينَ مِنْ مُوَالاَةِ أعْداءِ الإِسْلامِ، مِنْ أهْلِ الكِتَابِ وَمِنَ المُشْرِكِينَ، الذِينَ يَتَّخِذُونَ شَرَائِعَ الإِسْلاَمِ المُطَهَّرَةَ، هُزْوًا يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ بِهَا، وَيَعدُّونَهَا نَوْعاً مِنَ اللَّعِبِ، وَيَتَمَنَّوْنَ زَوَالَ الإِسْلاَمِ وَأهْلِهِ، وَيَأمُرُ اللهُ المُؤْمِنينَ بِتَقْوَاهُ، وَبِألاَّ يَتَّخِذُوا هَؤُلاءِ الأعْدَاءَ أوْلِيَاءَ إنْ كَانُوا مُؤْمِنينَ بِشَرْعِ اللهِ حَقّاً وَصِدْقاً.

هُزْواً وَلَعِباً – سُخْرِيَةً وَهَزلاً.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 57

57. Allah Almighty warns believers to beware of forming any alliances with the enemies of Islam, including the people of the Book and the polytheists, who deride the pure laws of Islam and consider them a kind of game, and desire the disappearance of Islam and the faithful. He requires them not to form alliances with these enemies, if they truly and sincerely believe in the Divine law.

{وَإِذَا نَادَيْتُمْ إِلَى ٱلصَّلاَةِ ٱتَّخَذُوهَا هُزُواً وَلَعِباً ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لاَّ يَعْقِلُونَ}

{ٱلصَّلاَةِ}

(58) – وَهَؤُلاَءِ الأعْدَاءُ يَسْخَرُونَ مِنَ الأذَانِ، وَمِنَ الصَّلاَةِ، وَمِنَ العِبَادَةِ؛ وَيَتَّخِذُونَها هُزْواً وَلَعباً وَسُخْرِيَةً، لأنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لاَ يَعْقِلُونَ مَعْنَى العِبَادَةِ، وَلاَ مَعْنَى شَرْعِ اللهِ، وَالصَّلاَةُ أكرمُ شيءٍ وَأفْضَلُهُ لِمَنْ يَعْقِلُ وَيَعْلَمُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 58

58. These enemies deride the call to prayer, and also the prayers and rites themselves. They mock them because they do not even understand the sense of the rituals, or of the Divine law. Prayer, however, is the best and most noble of things for those who are knowledgeable and informed.

{قُلْ يَـٰأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَابِ هَلْ تَنقِمُونَ مِنَّآ إِلاَّ أَنْ آمَنَّا بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَمَآ أُنزِلَ مِن قَبْلُ وَأَنَّ أَكْثَرَكُمْ فَاسِقُونَ}

{يَـٰأَهْلَ} {ٱلْكِتَابِ} {آمَنَّا} {فَاسِقُونَ}

(59) – قُلْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ لهؤلاءِ الذِينَ يَتَّخِذُونَ دِينَكُمْ هُزْواً وَلَعِباً مِنْ أهْلِ الكِتَابِ: هَلْ لَكُمْ مَطْعَنٌ عَلينا، وَمَا الذِي تَعِيبُونَهُ عَلينا، وَتَنْقِمُونَهُ مِنّا، غَيْرَ إيمانِنَا بِرَبِّنا، وَبِمَا أنْزَلَهُ إلَيْنا وَمَا أَنْزَلَهُ عَلَى أهْلِ الكِتَابِ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا، وَغَيْرَ إيْمَانِنَا – يَا أهْلَ الكِتَابِ – بِأنَّ أَكْثَرَكُمْ فَاسِقُونَ خَارِجُونَ عَنْ طَاعَةِ اللهِ، وَعَنْ طَرِيقِ الهُدْى؟

نَقَمَ عَلَيهِ – أنْكَرَ عَلَيهِ أوْ عَابَهُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 59

59. O Mohammad, say to those among the people of the Book who mock your religion and treat it with derision: “What have you to reproach us and criticize us for, except for believing in Allah and in what He has revealed to us and in what He revealed to the people of the Book before us? What have you to reproach us for, except for our faith, O people of the Book, whereas most of you are immoral men who transgress the commandments of the Lord and stray from the true path?”

{قُلْ هَلْ أُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِشَرٍّ مِّن ذٰلِكَ مَثُوبَةً عِندَ ٱللَّهِ مَن لَّعَنَهُ ٱللَّهُ وَغَضِبَ عَلَيْهِ وَجَعَلَ مِنْهُمُ ٱلْقِرَدَةَ وَٱلْخَنَازِيرَ وَعَبَدَ ٱلطَّاغُوتَ أُوْلَـٰئِكَ شَرٌّ مَّكَاناً وَأَضَلُّ عَن سَوَآءِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ}

{ٱلطَّاغُوتَ} {أُوْلَـٰئِكَ}

(60) – قُلْ لهؤلاءِ المُسْتَهْزِئينَ بِالدِّينِ وَالعِبَادَةِ مِنْ أهْلِ الكِتَابِ: هَلْ تُريدُونَ أنْ أُخْبِرَكُمْ بِمَنْ هُوَ شَرٌّ مَثُوبَةً عِنْدَ اللهِ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ، وَبِمَنْ يَنَالُهُ عِنْدَهُ أَسْوَأُ الجَزَاءِ: أولَئِكَ هُمُ الذِينَ لَعَنَهُمَ اللهُ، وَغَضِبَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَضَباً شَدِيداً لاَ يَرْضَى عَنْهُمْ بَعْدَهُ أبَداً، وَمَسَخَهُم فَجَعَلَ مِنْهُمُ القِرَدَةَ وَالخَنَازِيرَ وَعَبَدَةَ الطَّاغُوتِ… فَهَؤُلاَءِ هُمْ شَرٌّ مَكَاناً، وَشَرٌّ مَثُوبَةً وَجَزَاءً عِنْدَ اللهِ، وَأَكْثَرُ ضَلاَلاً عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ المُسْتَقِيمِ.

المَثُوبَةُ – الجَزَاءُ.
عَبَدَ الطَّاغُوتَ – أطَاعَ الشَّيْطَانَ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللهِ.
سَواءِ السَّبِيلِ – الطَّرِيقِ المُسْتَقِيمِ وَهُوَ الإِسْلاَمُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 60

60. Say to the people of the Book who mock the religion and the rites: “Do you want me to tell you who will receive the worst of punishments when they arrive before Allah on the Day of Resurrection, and who will suffer the most miserable fate? Well, then, it is those whom Allah has cursed, who have earned His terrible anger, and whom He will never forgive; those He has transformed into monkeys and pigs and idol-worshippers. They will have the most horrible of destinies, and will suffer at Allah’s hand the most awful of punishments. No one will be further from the true path.”

{وَإِذَا جَآءُوكُمْ قَالُوۤاْ آمَنَّا وَقَدْ دَّخَلُواْ بِٱلْكُفْرِ وَهُمْ قَدْ خَرَجُواْ بِهِ وَٱللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَكْتُمُونَ}

{آمَنَّا}

(61) – وَإذَا جَاءَكُمْ، هَؤُلاَءِ المُنَافِقُونَ وَاليَهُودُ السَّاخِرُونَ، تَظَاهَرُوا بِالإِيْمَانِ، مَعَ أنَّ قُلُوبَهُمْ فِي الحَقِيقَةِ مُنْطَوِيَةٌ عَلَى الكُفْرِ، فَيَدْخُلُونَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم، وَالكُفْرُ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ، فَيَسْمَعُونَ مِنْهُ العِلْمَ وَالقُرآنَ، وَأحْكَامَ الدِّينِ، وَالمَوَاعِظَ وَالزَّوَاجِرَ، وَلَكِنَّهُمْ لاَ يَنْتَفِعُونَ بِشَيءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَيَخْرُجُونَ كَمَا دَخَلُوا وَالكُفْرُ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ، وَاللهُ عَالِمٌ بِمَا فِي سَرَائِرِهِمْ وَضَمَائِرِهِمْ مِنَ الكُفْرِ وَالنِّفَاقِ، وَإنْ أظْهَرُوا لِخَلْقِ اللهِ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ، وَتَزَيَّنُوا بِمَا لَيْسَ فِيهِِمْ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 61

61. When they present themselves before you, hypocrites and derisive Jews pretend to believe, although in reality their hearts are filled with disbelief; they visit the prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) with their hearts full of disbelief. They listen to him discoursing on knowledge, on the Quran and its precepts concerning the religion, and promulgating good and prohibiting evil. But they derive no profit from all this, and leave just as they entered, with their hearts filled with disbelief. Allah is perfectly aware of the disbelief and hypocrisy which they hide in their souls and their consciences, even though they proclaim something quite different and shield themselves behind things that they do not really believe.

{وَتَرَىٰ كَثِيراً مِّنْهُمْ يُسَارِعُونَ فِي ٱلإِثْمِ وَٱلْعُدْوَانِ وَأَكْلِهِمُ ٱلسُّحْتَ لَبِئْسَ مَا كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ}

{يُسَارِعُونَ} {وَٱلْعُدْوَانِ}

(62) – وَتَرَى كَثِيراً مِنْ هَؤُلاَءِ المُنَافِقِينَ وَأهْلِ الكِتَابِ يُبَادِرُونَ إلَى ارْتِكَابِ مَا حَرَّمَ اللهُ مِنَ المَآثِمِ وَالمَحَارِمِ، بِالاعْتِدَاءِ عَلَى النَّاسِ، وَأكْلِ أمْوَالِ النَّاسِ بِالبَاطِلِ (أكْلِهِم السُحْتَ)، وَلَبِئْسَ العَمَلُ عَمَلُهُمْ، وَبِئْسَ الاعْتِدَاءُ اعْتَدَاؤُهُمْ، وَلَبِئْسَ مَا كَانُوا يَكْتُمُونَ مِنْ أَنَّ مَجِيئَهُمْ إلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِنَّمَا هُوَ لِتَسَقُّطِ الأَخْبَارِ، وَالتَّوَسُّلِ إلَى ذَلِكَ باِلنِّفَاقِ وَالخِدَاعِ.

يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الإِثْمِ – يُبَادِرُونَ إلى ارْتِكَابِ المُحَرَّمَاتِ.
أَكْلِهِمُ السُّحْتَ – أكْلِ المَالِ بِصُورَةٍ غَيْرِ مَشْرُوعَةٍ كَالقِمَارِ وَالسَّرِقَةِ وَالرِّبَا وَالغِشِّ وَالرّشْوَةِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 62

62. You observe a large number of these hypocrites and people of the Book rushing to commit sins which Allah has forbidden, treating people violently, and illegally seizing other people’s property. How detestable their behaviour is! How sickening it is to witness their aggression and their pretended truth, and to know that they visited Mohammad (peace be upon him) only to uncover information and exploit it in the service of their hypocrisy and their fraud!

{لَوْلاَ يَنْهَاهُمُ ٱلرَّبَّانِيُّونَ وَٱلأَحْبَارُ عَن قَوْلِهِمُ ٱلإِثْمَ وَأَكْلِهِمُ ٱلسُّحْتَ لَبِئْسَ مَا كَانُواْ يَصْنَعُونَ}

{يَنْهَاهُمُ} {ٱلرَّبَّانِيُّونَ}

(63) – هَلاَّ نَهَاهُمُ الرََّّبَّانِيُّونَ وَالأحْبَارُ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ قَوْلِ الإِثْمِ وَالفُحْشِ، وَعَنْ أكْلِ أمْوَالِ النَّاسِ بِالبَاطِلِ؟ فَلَبِئْسَ مَا صَنَعَ هَؤُلاَءِ الأحْبَارُ وَالرَّبَّانِيُّونَ مِنْ تَرْكِ النَّصِيحَةِ وَالنَّهْيِ عَنِ ارْتِكَابِ مَا حَرَّمَ اللهُ مِنَ المَعَاصِي، وَلَبِئْسَ مَا صَنَعَ هَؤُلاَءِ الآثِمُونَ.

الرََّّبَّانِيُّونَ – العُلَمَاءُ العُمَّالُ أرْبَابُ الوَلاَيَةِ عِنْدَ اليَهُودِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 63

63. Why do their priests and high priests not prohibit them from making such gross statements, committing such wickedness, and fraudulently seizing other people’s property? How detestable was the behaviour of these priests and high priests in failing to direct them more virtuously and prohibit such sins! How repugnant the behaviour of those who commit such sins!

{وَقَالَتِ ٱلْيَهُودُ يَدُ ٱللَّهِ مَغْلُولَةٌ غُلَّتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَلُعِنُواْ بِمَا قَالُواْ بَلْ يَدَاهُ مَبْسُوطَتَانِ يُنفِقُ كَيْفَ يَشَآءُ وَلَيَزِيدَنَّ كَثِيراً مِّنْهُم مَّآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ طُغْيَاناً وَكُفْراً وَأَلْقَيْنَا بَيْنَهُمُ ٱلْعَدَاوَةَ وَٱلْبَغْضَآءَ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ كُلَّمَآ أَوْقَدُواْ نَاراً لِّلْحَرْبِ أَطْفَأَهَا ٱللَّهُ وَيَسْعَوْنَ فِي ٱلأَرْضِ فَسَاداً وَٱللَّهُ لاَ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُفْسِدِينَ}

{طُغْيَاناً} {ٱلْعَدَاوَةَ} {ٱلْقِيَامَةِ}

(64) – أَخْبَرَ اللهُ تَعَالَى أنَّ بَعْضَ اليَهُودِ وَصَفُوهُ تَعَالَى ذِكرُهُ بِأنَّهُ بَخِيلٌ (يَدُهُ مَغْلُولَةٌ)، كَمَا وَصَفُوهُ بِأنَّهُ فَقِيرٌ، وَهُمُ الأَغْنِيَاءُ، فَلَعَنَهُمُ اللهُ عَلَى قَولِهِمْ هَذَا، وَدَعَا عَلَيْهِمْ بِالبُخْلِ (غُلَّتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ)، وَبِانْقِبَاضِ أَيْدِيهِمْ عَنِ الإِنْفَاقِ فِي سَبيلِ اللهِ، وَفِي سَبِيلِ الخَيْرِ.

(وَقِيلَ بَلِ المَقْصُودُ هُنا هُو َأنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى دَعَا عَلَيْهِمْ بَأنْ تُغَلَّ أَيْدِيهِمْ بِالقُيُودِ وَالأغْلاَلِ، وَتُرْبَطَ إلَى أَعْنَاقِهِمْ فِي الدُّنْيا وَهُمْ أُسَارَى، وَفِي الآخِرَةِ وَهُمْ يُعَذَّبُونَ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ).

وَرَدَّ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِمْ قَائِلاً: إنَّ يَدَيْهِ مَبْسُوطَتَانِ كَرَماً وَجُوداً، وَهُوَ يُنْفِقُ كَيْفَ يَشَاءُ.

وَيَقُولُ تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إنَّ مَا أنْزَلَهُ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَفِيِّ أمُورِ هَؤُلاَءِ اليَهُودِ المُعَاصِرِينَ لِلرَّسُولِ، وَمِنْ أحْوَالِ أسْلاَفِهِمْ، وَشُؤُونِ كُتُبِهِمْ، وَحَقَائِقِ تَارِيِخِهِمْ… هُوَ مِنْ أعْظَمِ الأدِلَّةِ عَلَى صِدْقِ نُبُوَّتِهِ، وَصِحَّةِ مَا جَاءَهُمْ بِهِ، فَكَانَ مِنَ المُفْتَرَضِ أنْ يَدْفَعَهُمْ هَذا إلى الإِيمَانِ بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَتَصْدِيقِهِ، وَلَكِنَّهُمْ لِطُغْيَانِهِمْ وَتَجَاوُزِهِمُ الحُدُودَ فِي الكُفْرِ وَالحَسَدِ للمسلِمينَ لَمْ يَدْفَعْ ذَلِكَ إلَى الإيمَانِ إلاَّ قَلِيلاً مِنْهُمْ، وَلَنْ يَزِيدَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ إلاّ طُغْيَاناً فِي بُغْضِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَعَدَاوَتِهِ، وَكُفْراً بِمَا جَاءَهُمْ بِهِ.

ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَ تَعَالَى رَسُولَهُ صلى الله عليه وسلم أنَّهُ أَلْقَى بَيْنَ هَؤُلاَءِ الكَفَرَةِ الحَاسِدِينَ العَدَاوَةَ وَالبَغْضَاءَ، وَسَتَسْتَمِرَّانِ بَيْنَهُمْ إلى يَوْمِ القِيَامَةِ، فَلاَ تَجْتَمِعُ قُلُوبُهُمْ عَلَى كَلِمَةِ حَقٍّ، وَسَتَشْغَلُهُمْ عَدَاوَةُ بَعْضِهِمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَنِ الاجْتِمَاعِ عَلَى قِتَالِ المُؤْمِنِينَ، وَأنَّهُمْ كُلَّما شَرَعُوا فِي إيقادِ نَارِ الحَرْبِ وَالفِتْنَةِ أطْفَأَهَا اللهُ، وَرَدَّ كَيْدَهُمْ إلى نُحُورِهِمْ، وَحَاقَ بِهِمْ مَكْرُهُمُ السَّيِّىءُ، لأنَّهُمْ يَسْعَونَ إلى الإِفْسَادِ فِي الأَرْضِ، وَاللهُ لاَ يُحِبُّ أهْلَ الفَسَادِ.

يَدُهُ مَغْلُولَةٌ – يَدُهُ مَشْدُودَةٌ بِالقَيْدِ إلَى عُنُقِهِ وَالتَّعْبِيرُ هُنَا يُقْصَدُ بِهِ الكِنَايَةُ عَنِ البُخْلِ.
أَوْقَدُوا نَاراً لِلْحَرْبِ – أعَدُّوا العُدَّةَ لِشَنِّ الحَرْبِ.
يَدَاهُ مَبْسُوطَتَانِ – مُنْبَسِطَةٌ وَيُرَادُ بِهَا هُنَا التَّعْبِيرُ عَنِ الكَرَمِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 64

64. Allah Almighty says that certain Jews have characterized Him as a miser (“the hand of Allah is chained”) and as poor, whereas they themselves are rich. Allah curses them for making such statements, and condemns them for being avaricious (“their hands are chained”), and for keeping their fists closed against any expense in Allah’s cause or for charitable deeds. (For some of them, Allah means rather that He has cursed them and condemned them to have their hands manacled and chained to their necks in this world, where they will be led as captives, and in the Hereafter where they will suffer the punishment of fire.) Allah Almighty answers them by telling them that His hands are open with generosity and prodigality, and that He disburses His goods as He wishes.

Allah Almighty tells His prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) that what He has revealed regarding the Jews contemporaneous with him and their ancestors, as well as on questions relating to their Books and truths concerning their history, constitute one of the greatest proofs of the veracity of his prophecy and of the firm foundations of his message. This should have led them to believe in Mohammad (peace be upon him) and follow him. But they are so insolent in transgressing the bounds of Allah through their impiety and their envy of the Muslims, that very few of them have been led to the faith; most of them it has driven to hate the Prophet (peace be upon him) and detest him with even greater cynicism, and to exacerbate their denigration of the message he has brought them. Allah then informs His Prophet that He has sown enmity and hate among these disbelievers and complainers, which will last until the Day of Resurrection. Their hearts cannot therefore band together to make the truth prevail. The animosity which they will feel towards each other will preoccupy them and prevent them from forming an alliance to fight against the Muslims. Each time they light the fire of war and sedition, Allah will extinguish it and will make them suffer the effects of the plots they have concocted. They will be the victims of their own conspiracies, for they seek to sow corruption on earth. Allah has no love for those who foment trouble and corruption.

{وَلَوْ أَنَّ أَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ ءَامَنُواْ وَٱتَّقَوْاْ لَكَفَّرْنَا عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ وَلأَدْخَلْنَٰهُمْ جَنَّٰتِ ٱلنَّعِيمِ}

{ٱلْكِتَابِ} {آمَنُواْ} {وَلأَدْخَلْنَاهُمْ} {جَنَّاتِ}

(65) – وَلَوْ أنَّ هَؤُلاَءِ اليَهُودَ آمَنُوا بِاللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم، وَاتَّقَوْا مَا كَانُوا يَتَعَاطَوْنَهُ مِنَ المَحَارِمِ وَالمَآثِمِ، لَكَفَّرَ اللهُ عَنْهُمُ السَّيِّئَاتِ التِي اقْتَرَفُوهَا، وَلَغَفَرَ لَهُمْ ذُنُوبَهُمْ، وَلأدْخَلَهُمُ الجَنَّةَ فِي الآخِرَةِ.

كَفَّرْنَا – غَفَرْنَا لَهُمْ ذُنُوبَهُمْ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 65

65. If the Jews believed in Allah and His prophet, and if they abstained from committing the sins and wickedness in which they wallow, Allah would pardon the faults they had committed, would absolve them of their sins, and would welcome them into Paradise on the Last Day.

{وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ أَقَامُواْ ٱلتَّوْرَاةَ وَٱلإِنْجِيلَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيهِمْ مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ لأَكَلُواْ مِن فَوْقِهِمْ وَمِن تَحْتِ أَرْجُلِهِم مِّنْهُمْ أُمَّةٌ مُّقْتَصِدَةٌ وَكَثِيرٌ مِّنْهُمْ سَآءَ مَا يَعْمَلُونَ}

{ٱلتَّوْرَاةَ}

(66) – وَلَوْ أنَّهُمْ عَمِلُوا بِمَا فِي الكِتَابِ الذِي أُنْزِلَ إلَيْهِمْ، كَمَا جَاءَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللهِ، دُونَ تَحْرِيفٍ وَلاَ تَبْدِيلٍ، لَقَادَهُمْ ذَلِكَ إلى اتِّبَاعِ الحَقِّ، وَالعَمَلِ بِمُقْتَضَى مَا جَاءَ بِهِ مُحَمَّدٌ، لأنَّ كُلاً مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَالإِنْجِيلِ بَشَّرَ بِنَبِيٍّ يَكُونُ مِنْ أوْلاد إِسْمَاعِيلَ. وَلَوْ أنَّهُمُ اتَّبَعُوا الحَقَّ، وَآمَنُوا بِرِسَالَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ الذِي بَشَّرَ بِهِ كِتَابُهُمْ، لَوَسَّعَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمْ رِزْقَهُمْ، وَلأغْدَقتِ السَّمَاءُ عَلَيْهِمْ مَطَرَها وَبَرَكَاتِهَا، وَلأخْرَجَتْ لَهُمْ خَيْراتِها.

وَلَكِنَّ قِلَّةً مِنْهُمْ مُؤْمِنَةٌ مُلْتَزِمَةٌ بِأحْكَامِ مَا شَرَعَ اللهُ لَهُمْ، وَأكْثَرُهُمْ طُغَاةٌ مُجَاوِزُونَ لأَوَامِرِ اللهِ، وَسَاءَ عَمَلُهُمْ.

مُقْتَصِدَةٌ – مُعْتَدِلَةٌ وَهُمْ مَنْ أسْلَمَ مِنْهُمْ.
أقَامُوا التَّوْرَاةَ – عَمِلُوا بِأحْكَامِها تَمَاماً كَمَا أُنْزِلَتْ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللهِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 66

66. If they had obeyed the Book which was revealed to them, exactly as it was revealed, without distortion and without modification, that would have led them to follow the true path and act according to Mohammad (peace be upon him)’s message. For the Pentateuch and the Gospel both announced the coming of a prophet from the line of Ishmael; if they had followed the path of truth, and believed in Mohammad (peace be upon him)’s message, already foretold in their own Books, Allah would have multiplied their resources, and the sky would have lavished rain and blessings upon them and caused riches to spring up for their benefit.

{يَـٰأَيُّهَا ٱلرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ مَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ وَإِن لَّمْ تَفْعَلْ فَمَا بَلَّغْتَ رِسَالَتَهُ وَٱللَّهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لاَ يَهْدِي ٱلْقَوْمَ ٱلْكَافِرِينَ}

{يَـٰأَيُّهَا} {ٱلْكَافِرِينَ}

(67) – يَأمُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى رَسُولَهُ مُحَمَّداً صلى الله عليه وسلم بِأنْ يُبَلِّغَ النَّاسَ جَمِيعَ مَا أَنْزَلَهُ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ لَيُبَلِّغَهُمْ إيْاهُ، وَقَدِ امْتَثَلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ لأمْرِ رَبِّهِ.

وَيَقُولُ تَعَالَى لِمُحَمَّدٍ صلى الله عليه وسلم: فَإذَا لَمْ تَقُمْ بِمَا أمِرْتَ بِهِ لاَ تَكُونُ قَدْ بَلَّغَتَ رِسَالَةَ رَبِّكَ. ثُمَّ يَقُولُ اللهُ لِرَسُولِهِ: لاَ تَخَفْ مِنْ أنْ يَصِلَ إلَيْكَ أحَدٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ بِأَذًى، فَأَنْتَ فِي حِفْظِ اللهِ وَرِعَايَتِهِ، وَهُوَ يَمْنَعُكَ مِنْهُمْ، وَيَحْفَظُكَ وَيُؤَيِّدُكَ بِنَصْرِهِ. وَاللهُ هُوَ الذِي يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ، وَيُضِلُّ مَنْ يَشَاءُ، وَهُوَ لاَ يَهْدِي القَوْمَ الكَافِرِينَ إلَى الطَّرِيقِ السَّوِيِّ.

(وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ رِضْوَانُ اللهِ عَلَيْهَا أنَّهَا قَالَتْ: لَوْ كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَاتِماً شَيْئاً مِنَ القًُرْآنِ لَكَتَمَ الآيَةَ {وَتُخْفِي فِي نَفْسِكَ مَا ٱللَّهُ مُبْدِيهِ وَتَخْشَى ٱلنَّاسَ وَٱللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَن تَخْشَاهُ} ).

يَعْصِمُكَ – يَمْنَعُكَ وَيَحْمِيكَ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 67

67. Allah Almighty orders His messenger Mohammad (peace be upon him) to communicate to everyone all that has been revealed to him to divulge. The Prophet obeys his Lord’s command. Allah also says to Mohammad (peace be upon him): “If you fail to carry out any of my commands, you will still not be relieved of the responsibility of carrying out the mission assigned to you by Allah.” And Allah adds: “Do not fear that people may do you harm. Allah will protect you and keep you safe. He will defend you against them, shield you, and grant you victory. Allah guides whomsoever He wishes, and leads astray whomsoever He wishes. He does not guide the impious in the true path.” Aisha, the wife of the Prophet (peace be upon him), says: “If Mohammad (peace be upon him) kept fragments of the Quran secret, he would have kept the subsequent verse a secret: “You hide in your heart that which Allah has instructed you to divulge. You fear men; you would do better to fear Allah.” (See chapter 33- Al-Ahzab (The Confererates), 37.)

{قُلْ يَـٰأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَابِ لَسْتُمْ عَلَىٰ شَيْءٍ حَتَّىٰ تُقِيمُواْ ٱلتَّوْرَاةَ وَٱلإِنْجِيلَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَلَيَزِيدَنَّ كَثِيراً مِّنْهُمْ مَّآ أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ طُغْيَاناً وَكُفْراً فَلاَ تَأْسَ عَلَى ٱلْقَوْمِ ٱلْكَافِرِينَ}

{يَـٰأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَابِ} {ٱلتَّوْرَاةَ} {طُغْيَاناً} {ٱلْكَافِرِينَ}

(68) – قُلْ لأهْلِ الكِتَابِ مِنَ اليَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى فِيمَا تُبَلِّغُهُمْ إيّاهُ عَنْ رَبِّهِمْ: لَسْتُمْ عَلَى شَيءٍ يُعْتَدُّ بِهِ مِنْ أمْرِ الدِّينِ وَالهُدَى حَتَّى تُؤْمِنُوا بِجَمِيعِ مَا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ مِنَ الكُتُبِ المُنَزَّلَةِ، وَتَعْمَلُوا بِمَا فِيهَا، وَمِنْهَا الإِيمَانُ بِمُحَمَّدٍ، وَالأمْرُ بِاتِّبَاعِهِ، وَالإِيمَانِ بِمَبْعَثِهِ، وَالاقْتِدَاءُ بِشَرِيعَتِهِ، وَسَيُثيرُ مَا أنْزَلنا عَلَيكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، مِنَ القُرْآنِ وَالهُدَى، كَثيراً مِنَ الحَسَدِ وَالحِقْدِ وَالطُّغْيَانِ وَالكُفْرِ فِي نُفُوسِ الكَثِيرِينَ مِنْ هَؤُلاَءِ، وَلَكِنْ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ أنْ تَهْتَمَّ بِذَلِكَ، أوْ تَحْزَنَ لَهُ.

لاَ تَأْسَ – لاَ تَحْزَنْ وَلاَ تَأسَفْ.
يَزِيدُهُمْ طُغْيَاناً – يَزِيدُهُمْ إمْعَاناً فِي الحَسَدِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 68

68. When you transmit Allah’s message to the Jews and Christians, people of the Book, say to them: “You lack many of the bases of religion and you fail to walk in the path of truth, because you do not believe in all the Books that Allah has revealed to you, and because you do not apply their principles, for example, to believe in Mohammad (peace be upon him), to command your people to follow him, to believe that he is Allah’s messenger, and to respect his law. The Quran and the true path that we have revealed to you, O Mohammad, will excite in most of them great envy, rancour, malice, and impiety. Do not let yourself become anxious on that account and do not let it cause you sorrow.”

{إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ وَٱلَّذِينَ هَادُواْ وَٱلصَّابِئُونَ وَٱلنَّصَارَىٰ مَنْ آمَنَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلآخِرِ وعَمِلَ صَالِحاً فَلاَ خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلاَ هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ}

{آمَنُواْ} {وَٱلصَّابِئُونَ} {وَٱلنَّصَارَىٰ} {آمَنَ} {صَالِحاً}

(69) – الذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم (المُسْلِمُونَ)، وَالذِينَ هَادُوا (أهْلُ التَّوْرَاةِ)، وَالصَّابِئُونَ (وَهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ يَعْبِدُونَ النُّجُومَ، وَقيلَ بَلْ إنَّهُمْ يَعْبُدُونَ المَلاَئِكَةَ وَيَقْرَؤُونَ الزَّبُورَ)، وَالنَّصَارَى (أهْلُ الإِنْجِيلِ)، مَنْ أَخْلَصَ مِنْهُم الإِيمَانَ للهِ، وَمَنْ آمَنَ بِاليَومِ الآخَرِ، وَعَمِلَ عَمَلاً صَالِحاً يَرْضَاهُ اللهُ، فَلاَ خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيمَا يَسْتَقْبِلُونَهُ مِنْ أهْوَالِ القِيَامَةِ، وَلا يَحْزَنُونَ عَلَى مَا تَرَكُوهُ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ مِنْ لَذَّاتِ الدُّنْيا وَعَيْشِهَا، بَعْدَ أنْ يُعَايِنوا مَا أكْرَمَهُمُ اللهُ بِهِ مِنْ جَزِيلِ الثَّوَابِ.

الصَّابِئُونَ – عُبَّادُ الكَوَاكِبِ أوْ عُبَّادُ المَلاَئِكَةِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 69

69. Those who believe in Allah and in His prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) (i.e. the Muslims), the adherents of Judaism, the Sabaans (a religious sect whose members worship the stars or, as some believe, worship rather the angels and read the Book of Psalms), the Christians (people of the Gospel), in all these groups those who sincerely believe in Allah and in the Last Day and who perform good deeds pleasing to Allah, will have nothing to fear from the horrors of the Day of Judgement, and will not regret leaving the delights of this world they have left behind them, when they see with their own eyes the generous rewards that Allah will shower upon them.

{لَقَدْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَ بَنِيۤ إِسْرَائِيلَ وَأَرْسَلْنَآ إِلَيْهِمْ رُسُلاً كُلَّمَا جَآءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ بِمَا لاَ تَهْوَىٰ أَنْفُسُهُمْ فَرِيقاً كَذَّبُواْ وَفَرِيقاً يَقْتُلُونَ}

{مِيثَاقَ} {ۤ إِسْرَائِيلَ}

(70) – يَذْكُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى أنَّهُ أَخَذَ العَهْدَ وَالمِيثَاقَ عَلَى بَنِي إسْرَائِيلَ، فِي التَّوْرَاةِ، عَلَى تَوْحِيدِهِ تَعَالَى، وَعَلَى اتِّبَاعِ الأحْكَامِ التِي شَرَعَهَا لِهَدْيِ خَلْقِهِ، وَعَلَى تَحَلِّيهِمْ بِالفَضَائِلِ وَمَكَارِمِ الأخْلاَقِ، وَعَلَى السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ للهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَأنَّهُ أرْسَلَ إلَيْهِمُ النًّبِيِّينَ لِيُبَيِّنُوا لَهُمْ أَحْكَامَ التَّوْرَاةِ، وَيُؤَكِّدُوا عَهْدَ اللهِ، فَنَقَضُوا العَهْدَ وَالمِيثَاقَ، وَاتَّبَعُوا آرَاءَهُمْ، وَقَدَّمُوهَا عَلَى الشَرَائِع، فًَمَا وَافَقَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ مِنَ الشَرَائِعِ قَبلُوهُ، وَمَا خَالَفَهَا رَدُّوهُ، وَرَفَضُوهُ، وَكُلَّمَا جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ بِمَا لاَ تَهْوَاه أنْفُسُهُمْ، وَلاَ يَتَّفِقُ مَعَ رَغَبَاتِهِمْ وَأهْوَائِهِمْ، كَذَّبُوهُ أوْ قَتَلُوهُ.

المِيثَاقُ – العَهْدُ المُوَثَّقُ بِالإِيمَانِ.
بِمَا لاَ تَهْوَى أَنْفُسُهُمْ – بِمَا لا يُحِبُّونَ وَلاَ يُوافِقُ مِزَاجَهُمْ وَأَهْوَاءَهُمْ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 70

70. Allah Almighty stresses that He received from the children of Israel, in the Torah, the promise to worship one sole Allah, to respect the precepts He proclaimed to guide men into the true path, to adorn themselves with virtues and morality, and to listen to Allah and His Messengers and obey them. He says that He sent prophets to them to communicate to their people the precepts of the Torah and confirm the covenant made with Allah Almighty. But they violated their agreement and the covenant they had made, and followed their own desires, preferring them to the laws of Allah. Of these laws, they accepted only those which corresponded with their desires, and ignored and rejected those which displeased them. Every time a prophet preached anything which displeased them and which did not correspond with their desires, they denied him or killed him.

{وَحَسِبُوۤاْ أَلاَّ تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ فَعَمُواْ وَصَمُّواْ ثُمَّ تَابَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ عَمُواْ وَصَمُّواْ كَثِيرٌ مِّنْهُمْ وَٱللَّهُ بَصِيرٌ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ}

(71) – وَظَنُّوا أنَّ اللهَ لَنْ يَخْتَبِرَهُمْ بِشَدَائِدِ الأمُورِ، كَتَسْلِيط الأمَمِ القَوِيَّةِ عَلَيْهِم بِالقَتْلِ وَالتَّخْرِيبِ وَالاضْطِهَادِ، لِمَا كَانُوا يَقُولُونَهُ مِنْ أَنَّهُمْ أبْنَاءُ اللهِ وَأحِبَّاؤُهُ، وَلِمَا كَانُوا يَظُنُّونَهُ مِنْ أنَّ نُبُوَّةِ أنْبِيَائِهِمْ سَتَدْفَعُ عَنْهُمُ العِقَابَ الذِي يَسْتَحِقُّونَهُ بِسَبَبِ قَتْلِ الأنْبِياءِ وَتَكْذِيبِهِمْ، فَعَمُوا عَنْ آيَاتِ اللهِ التِي أَنْزَلَها فِي كُتُبِهِ عَنْ عِقَابِ المُفْسِدِينَ، فَلَمْ يُبْصِرُوهَا، وَصَمُّوا أَسْمَاعَهُمْ عَنْ سَمَاعِ المَوَاعِظِ فَلَمْ يَهْتَدُوا بِهَا، فَسَلَّطَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِم مَنْ أَذَاقَهُمُ الذُّلَّ، ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا إلى اللهِ تَائِبينَ فَتَقَّبلَ مِنْهُم تَوْبَتَهُمْ، وَأعَادَ إليهِمْ عَزْمَهُمْ، ثُمَّ عَادَ كَثيرٌ مِنْهُمْ إلى مَا كَانُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الضَّلالِ، وَصَارُوا كَالعُمْيِ الصُّمِّ، بِسَبَبِ عَوْدَتِهِمْ إلى ظُلْمِهِمْ، وَأعْمَالِهِمْ السَّيِّئَةِ، وَاللهُ مُطَّلِعٌ عَلَى أعْمَالِهِمْ، وَسَيُجَازِيهِمْ عَلَيْهَا.

الفِتْنَةُ – الاخْتِبَارُ وَالابْتِلاَءُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 71

71. They did not believe that Allah would put them to the test by visiting them with adversities, such as allowing powerful nations to afflict them with murder, sabotage, and oppression, so sure were they that they were the children of Allah and His darlings, and because they thought that the prophecy of their messengers would prevent the punishment they deserved for having killed and denied their prophets. They were blind and did not see the signs of Allah revealed in His Books concerning the punishment of those who sow corruption, and they were deaf and did not hear the preaching which instructed them to be guided by these signs. Allah incited against them people who covered them with ignominy. They later repented in the sight of Allah who accepted their repentance and caused them to regain their power and their determination. Many of them subsequently reverted to their evil ways and became as if blind and deaf, because they returned to wickedness and sin. Allah knows what they do, and will punish them for their bad deeds.

{لَقَدْ كَفَرَ ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُوۤاْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ ٱلْمَسِيحُ ٱبْنُ مَرْيَمَ وَقَالَ ٱلْمَسِيحُ يَابَنِيۤ إِسْرَائِيلَ ٱعْبُدُواْ ٱللَّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ مَن يُشْرِكْ بِٱللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيهِ ٱلْجَنَّةَ وَمَأْوَاهُ ٱلنَّارُ وَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ أَنصَارٍ}

{يَابَنِيۤ إِسْرَائِيلَ} {وَمَأْوَاهُ} {لِلظَّالِمِينَ}

(72) – حَكَمَ اللهُ تَعَالَى بِتَكْفِيرِ الذِينَ ادَّعَوْا أنَّ اللهَ هُوَ المَسِيحُ عِيسَى بْنُ مَرْيَمَ. وَقَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى إنَّهُمْ قَدْ ضَلُّوا ضَلاَلاً بَعِيداً، إذْ أَنَّهُمْ فِي إِطْرَائِهِمْ إيَّاهُ، وَمَدْحِهِ غَلَوا غُلُوّاً كَبِيراً، يَفُوقُ غُلُوَّ اليَهُودِ فِي تَكْذِيبِهِ وَالافْتِرَاءِ عَلَيهِ وَعَلَى أُمِّهِ، وَقَوْلِهِمْ عَلَيْهَا بُهْتَاناً عَظِيماً، مَعْ أنَّ المَسِيحَ قَالَ لَهُمْ غَيْرَ مَا يَقُولُونَ، فَقَدْ أمَرَهُمْ بِعِبَادَةِ اللهِ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ، مُعْتَرِفاً بِأنَّهُ رَبُّهُ وَرَبُّهُمْ، وَأنَّهُ عَبْدُ اللهِ وَرَسُولُهُ، وَأَوَّلُ كَلِمَةٍ نَطَقَ بِهَا المَسِيحُ وَهُوَ صَغِيرٌ فِي المَهْدِ قَوْلُهُ: (إنِّي عَبْدُ اللهِ).

وَيَقُولُ تَعَالَى: إنَّ المَسِيحَ قَالَ لِبَنِي إسْرَائِيلَ: إنَّ مَنْ أَشْرَكَ بِاللهِ أَحَداً فِي أُلُوهِيَّتِهِ، فَقَدْ أَوْجَبَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ النَّارَ، وَحَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِ الجَنَّةَ، وَلَنْ يَجِدَ الظَّالِمُونَ نَصِيراً لَهُمْ وَلاَ مُعِيناً، وَلاَ مُنْقِذاً مِنْ عَذَابِ اللهِ الذِي سَيَصِيرُونَ إِلَيْهِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 72

72. Allah Almighty commands that those who claim that Allah is the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, should be seen as unbelievers. He says in this connection that they have strayed far from the true path. For in flattering Jesus in this way and in so praising him they have gone too far, further even than the Jews who have denied him and libelled his mother, whom they have insulted with terrible lies. The Messiah himself tells them things quite different from their allegations. He commands them to worship Allah Alone, without associate, thus confirming that He is his Allah and theirs, and that he is the servant of Allah and His messenger. Furthermore, the first announcement that the Messiah made was: “I am the servant of Allah.” Allah adds: “The Messiah says to the children of Israel: ‘Whoever ascribes any associate to Allah is condemned by Allah to the punishment of fire and is barred from entering paradise. The wicked will find no one to succour them, to assist them, or save them from the divine punishment they will undergo.’”

{لَّقَدْ كَفَرَ ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُوۤاْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ ثَالِثُ ثَلاَثَةٍ وَمَا مِنْ إِلَـٰهٍ إِلاَّ إِلَـٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ وَإِن لَّمْ يَنتَهُواْ عَمَّا يَقُولُونَ لَيَمَسَّنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ}

{ثَلاَثَةٍ} {وَاحِدٌ}

(73) – يُؤَكِّدُ اللهُ تَعَالَى أنَّ الذِينَ قَالُوا إنَّ اللهَ ثَالِثُ ثَلاَثَةٍ هُمْ كُفَّارٌ، وَأنَّهُ لَيْسَ هُنَاكَ إلاَّ إلَه وَاحِدٌ، وَهُوَ رَبُّ جَمِيعِ الكَائِنَاتِ وَإلهُهَا. وَيَتَوعَدُ اللهُ القَائِلِينَ (إنَّ اللهَ ثَالِثُ ثَلاَثَةٍ مِنَ الأَقَانِيمِ)، وَيَتَهَدَّدُهُمْ بِأَنَّهُمْ إنْ لَمْ يَنْتَهُوا عَمَّا يَقُولُونَهُ مِنَ الكَذِبِ وَالافْتِرَاءِ، لَيَمَسَّنَّ الذِينَ كَفُرُوا مِنْهُمْ، عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ فِي الدَّارِ الآخِرَةِ.

(وَتَقُولُ فِئَةٌ مِنَ النَّصَارَى بِالأَقَانِيمِ الثَّلاَثَةِ، أقْنُومِ الأبِ، وَأقْنُومِ الابْنِ، وَأقْنُومِ الكَلِمَةِ المُنْبَثِقَةِ مِنَ الأبِ إلى الابْنِ).

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 73

73. Allah affirms that they are unbelievers who say that Allah is the third member of the trinity. He affirms that there exists One sole Allah over all creatures. He threatens with a terrible punishment on Judgement Day all those who say that He is the third member of the trinity, unless they cease fabricating such lies and calumnies. One group of Christians believed in the trinity, meaning the Father, son, and holy ghost (the spirit that was breathed into the son).

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 74

74. Allah Almighty exclaims: “How can such people hear the refutation of their claims, and the threats launched against them, without repenting before Allah, returning to the worship of Him Alone, and imploring His forgiveness? He is all generosity and mercy.”

{مَّا ٱلْمَسِيحُ ٱبْنُ مَرْيَمَ إِلاَّ رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهِ ٱلرُّسُلُ وَأُمُّهُ صِدِّيقَةٌ كَانَا يَأْكُلاَنِ ٱلطَّعَامَ ٱنْظُرْ كَيْفَ نُبَيِّنُ لَهُمُ ٱلآيَاتِ ثُمَّ ٱنْظُرْ أَنَّىٰ يُؤْفَكُونَ}

{ٱلآيَاتِ}

(75) – المَسيحُ عَبْدٌ مِنْ عِبَادِ اللهِ، أنْعَمَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ بِالرِّسَالَةِ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَتْهُ رُسُلٌ مِنَ اللهِ، وَلَهُ أسْوَةٌ بِهِمْ. وَأمُّهُ مُؤْمِنَةٌ مٌصَدِّقَةٌ لَهُ (صِدِّيقَةٌ – وَهَذا أعْلَى مَقَامَاتِها فَدَلَّ بِذَلِكَ عَلَى أنَّها لَيْسَتْ نَبِيّةً)، وَكَانَ المَسِيحُ وَأمُّهُ يَحْتَاجَانِ إلى الطَّعَامِ وَالغِذاءِ، وَمَا يَسْتَتْبِعُ الطَّعَامَ وَالغِذَاءَ، فَهُمَا مَخْلُوقَانِ مِنَ البَشَرِ، وَلاَ يُمْكِنُ أنْ يَكُونَ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا إلهاً خَالِقاً، وَلاَ رَبّاً مَعْبُوداً. فَانْظُرْ يَا مُحَمَّدٌ كَيْفَ نُوَضِّحُ لَهُمُ الآيَاتِ وَنُظْهِرُهَا، ثُمَّ انْظُرْ، بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ التَّوْضِيحِ، أيْنَ يَذْهَبُونَ، وَبأيِّ قَوْلٍ يَتَمَسَّكُونَ، وَكَيْفَ يُصْرَفُونَ عَنِ الحَقِّ؟

نُبَيِّنُ – نُفَسِّرُ وَنُوَضِّحُ.
يُؤْفَكُونَ – يُصْرَفُونَ عَنِ الحَقِّ إلَى البَاطِلِ.
خَلَتْ – مَضَتْ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 75

75. The Messiah is the servant of Allah. Allah lavished gifts upon him by conferring His Message on him. Other messengers preceded him who serve as good models. His mother was a pious woman and believed in him (that was her finest quality, for she implied thereby that she herself was not a prophet). The Messiah and his mother required food and sustenance and were subject to the consequences. They were two human beings, and neither of them should be regarded as a divine Creator, or a Lord who should be worshipped. See, O Mohammad (peace be upon him), how we explicate Our signs for them. And then see, after such explication, which path they adopt, and what claims they adhere to, and how far they stray from the truth.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 76

76. Allah Almighty reprimands the worshippers of idols, of associates and other creatures, for their errors and their disbelief. On this subject He says to His Prophet: “Tell these Christians and those who, like them, have worshipped someone other than Allah: ‘Do you surrender the worship of one sole and unique Allah, Omnipotent and Almighty, in order to worship that which can neither benefit nor harm itself or others, who controls neither life nor death nor resurrection, such as men and idols and associates?'”

{قُلْ يَـٰأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَابِ لاَ تَغْلُواْ فِي دِينِكُمْ غَيْرَ ٱلْحَقِّ وَلاَ تَتَّبِعُوۤاْ أَهْوَآءَ قَوْمٍ قَدْ ضَلُّواْ مِن قَبْلُ وَأَضَلُّواْ كَثِيراً وَضَلُّواْ عَن سَوَآءِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ}

{يَـٰأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَابِ}

(77) قُلْ يَا أيُّها الرَّسُولُ لأهْلِ الكِتَابِ مِنَ اليَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارى: إنَّ اللهَ يَنْهَاكُمْ أنْ تَتَجَاوَزُوا فِي مُعْتَقَدَاتِكُمْ حُدُودَ الحَقِّ إلى البَاطِلِ، فَتَجْعَلُوا بَعْضَ خَلْقِ اللهِ آلِهَةً، وَتَنْكِرُوا رِسَالَةَ بَعْضِ الرُّسُلِ، وَيَنْهَاكُمْ أنْ تَسِيرُوا وَرَاءَ شَهَوَاتِ أنَاسٍ سَبَقُوكُمْ، قَدْ تَجَنَّبُوا طَرِيقَ الهُدَى، وَمَنَعُوا كَثيراً مِنَ النَّاسِ أنْ يَسْلُكُوهَا، وَاسْتَمَرُّوا عَلَى مُجَافَاتِهِمْ طَرِيقَ الحَقِّ الوَاضِحِ.

الغُلُوُّ وَالمُغَالاَةُ: تَجَاوُزُ الاعْتِدَالِ فِي القَوْلِ وَالفِعْلِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 77

77. “O Messenger, say to those people of the Book, the Jews and Christians: ‘Allah forbids you to carry your beliefs beyond the bounds of truth or to go astray by making certain of Allah’s creatures into divinities, and denying the messages of certain prophets. He forbids you to follow the passions of a nation which preceded you and which had gone astray from the true path, prevented others from following it, and persisted in avoiding the clear path of truth.’”

{لُعِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِن بَنِيۤ إِسْرَائِيلَ عَلَىٰ لِسَانِ دَاوُودَ وَعِيسَى ٱبْنِ مَرْيَمَ ذٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوْا وَّكَانُواْ يَعْتَدُونَ}

{ۤ إِسْرَائِيلَ}

(78) – لَعَنَ اللهُ الذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ بَني إسْرَائِيلَ فِي الزَّبُورِ وَالإِنْجِيلِ، فَقَدْ لَعَنَ دَاوُدُ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ، مَنِ اعْتَدَى مِنْهُمْ فِي السَّبْتِ، أوْ لَعَنَ العَاصِينَ المُعْتَدِينَ مِنْهُمْ عَامَّةً، وَكَذَلِكَ لَعَنَهُمْ عِيسَى بْنُ مَرْيَمَ، وَسَبَبُ ذَلِكَ اللَّعْنِ هُوَ تَمَادِيهِمْ فِي العِصْيَانِ، وَتَمَرُّدُهُمْ عَنْ طَاعَةِ اللهِ، وَتَمَادِيهِمْ فِي الظُّلْمِ وَالفَسَادِ (بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْتَدُونَ).

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 78

78. In the Psalms and the Gospels, Allah curses the renegades among the children of Israel. David curses those of them who commit violence on the Sabbath, or who in any way break the commandments and transgress their precepts. Such people were also cursed by Jesus, son of Mary, for backsliding and for their persistence in rebelling against Allah’s authority and for carrying their iniquity and their corruption to such great lengths.

{كَانُواْ لاَ يَتَنَاهَوْنَ عَن مُّنكَرٍ فَعَلُوهُ لَبِئْسَ مَا كَانُواْ يَفْعَلُونَ}

(79) فَقَدْ كَانُوا لاَ يَنْهَى أحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ أحَداً عَنِ مُنْكَرٍ يَقْتَرِفُهُ مَهْمَا بَلَغَ مِنَ القُبْحِ وَالضَّرَرِ.وَالنَّهْيُ عَنِ المُنْكَرِ هُوَ حِفَاظُ الدِّينِ، وَسِيَاجُ الفَضَائِلِ وَالآدَابِ، فَإذا تَجَرّأ المُسْتَهْتِرُونَ عَلَى إظْهَارِ فِسْقِهِمْ وَفُجُورِهِمْ، وَرَآهُمُ الغَوْغَاءَ مِنَ النَّاسِ قَلَّدُوهُمْ فِيهِ، وَزَالَ قُبْحُهُ مِنْ نُفُوسِهِمْ، وَصَارَ عَادَةً لَهُمْ، وَزَالَ سُلْطَانُ الدِّينِ مِنْ قُلُوبِهِمْ، وَتُرِكَتْ أَحْكَامُهُ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ إِشَارَةٌ إلى فَشْوِ المُنْكَرَاتِ فِيهِمْ. وَيُقَبِّحُ اللهُ تَعَالَى سُوءَ فِعْلِهِمْ، وَيَذُمُّهُمْ عَلَى اقْتِرَافِ المُنْكَرَاتِ، وَإِصْرَارِهِمْ عَلَيْهَا وَسُكُوتِ الآخَرِينَ عَنْهَا، وَرِضَاهُمْ بِهَا.

(وَقَدْ جَاءَ فِي الحَدِيثِ: ” إنَّ أوَّلَ مَا دَخَلَ النَّقْصُ عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أنْ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَلْقَى الرَّجُلَ فَيَقُولُ: يَا هذا اتَّقِ اللهَ وَدَعْ مَا تَصْنَعُ، فَإنَّهُ لاَ يَحِلُّ لَكَ. ثُمْ يَلْقَاهُ مِنَ الغَدِ وَهُوَ عَلَى حَالِهِ فَلاَ يَمْنَعُهُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَكِيلَهُ وَشَرِيبَهُ وَقَعِيدَهُ، فَلَمَّا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ ضَرَبَ اللهُ قُلُوبَ بَعْضِهِمْ بِبَعْضٍ ” ). (رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ).

يَتَنَاهَوْنَ – يَنْهَى بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضاً.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 79

79. They did not forbid each other’s faults, however base and deplorable they were. To forbid evil is to conserve religion and defend virtue and morality. If the heedless dare to perpetrate their sedition and their infamy openly, and the common people witness them acting in this way, then their activities will lose their ugliness and become commonplace in their eyes. That will then be a sign that wickedness is spreading among the vulgar sort. Allah finds their bad behavior reprehensible, and blames them for having committed such wicked deeds and for their relapses. He also blames those who view the wickedness in silence. (According to Ibn Massoud, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “The first thing that brought harm to the children of Israel was when one man met another and said, ‘Fear Allah and renounce what you have done, for that is forbidden to you,’ and then the next day met him again in the same state and drank and ate and conversed with him. After seeing them act in this way, Allah made them all detest each other.”)

{تَرَىٰ كَثِيراً مِّنْهُمْ يَتَوَلَّوْنَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لَبِئْسَ مَا قَدَّمَتْ لَهُمْ أَنفُسُهُمْ أَن سَخِطَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَفِي ٱلْعَذَابِ هُمْ خَالِدُونَ}

{خَالِدُونَ}

(80) – وَتَرَى يَا مُحَمَّدُ كَثيراً مِنَ بَني إسْرَائيلَ، يَتَوَلَّوْنَ الذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ مُشْرِكي العَرَبِ وَيُحَالِفُونَهُمْ عَلَيْكَ، وَيُحَرِّضُونَهُمْ عَلَى قِتَالِكَ، وَأنْتَ تُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ، وَبِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَلَى رُسُلِهِ وَأنْبِيَائِهِ، وَتَشْهَدُ لَهُمْ بِصِدْقِ الرِّسَالَةِ، وَأولَئِكَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِكِتَابٍ وَلاَ رَسُولٍ، وَلاَ يَعْبُدُونَ اللهَ وَحْدَهُ، وَلَولا اتِّبَاعُ الهَوَى، وَتَزْيينُ الشَّيْطَانِ لَهُمْ أَعْمَالَهُمْ، مَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ، فَبِئْسَ مَا قَدَّمُوهُ لأنْفُسِهِمْ فِي آخِرَتِهِمْ مِنَ الأعْمَالِ التِي اسْتَوْجَبَتْ سَخَطَ اللهِ، وَعَظِيمَ غَضَبِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَسَيُجْزَوْنَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ شَرَّ الجَزَاءِ، وَسَيُحِيطُ بِهِمُ العَذَابُ، وَلاَ يَجِدُونَ عَنْهُ مَصْرِفاً، وَيَخْلُدُونَ فِي النَّارِ أبَداً.

السَّخَطُ – أَشَدُّ الغَضَبِ.
يَتَوَلَّوْنَ – يُحَالِفُونَ وَيُنَاصِرُونَ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 80

80. Mohammad! You see a great many of the children of Israel associating themselves with renegades from among the Arab polytheists, forming alliances with them, and inciting them to oppose you. But they believe neither in a Book nor in a prophet, and do not worship a sole Allah. They would not have acted in such a way if they had not yielded to their passions and if the devil had not made their acts appear attractive to them. What miserable acts they have committed to bring down upon themselves the wrath of Allah on Judgement Day! They will receive the most terrible punishment for what they perpetrated. They will be hemmed in with torture, will find no way of escape, and will remain there for ever.

{وَلَوْ كَانُوا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالله والنَّبِيِّ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مَا اتَّخَذُوهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءَ وَلَـٰكِنَّ كَثِيراً مِّنْهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ}

{فَاسِقُونَ}

(81) – وَلَوْ كَانَ هَؤُلاَءِ اليَهُودُ، الذِينَ يَتَوَلَّوْنَ الكَافِرِينَ مِنْ مُشْرِكِي العَرَبِ، يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالنَّبِيِّ الذِي يَدَّعُونَ اتِّبَاعَهُ (وَهُوَ مُوسى عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ)، وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إلَيْهِ مِنَ الهُدَى وَالبَيِّنَاتِ، لَمَا اتَّخَذُوا أُولَئِكَ الكَافِرِينَ مِنْ عَابِدِي الأوْثَانِ، أوْلِياءَ وَأنْصَاراً، وَلَكَانَتْ عَقِيدَتُهُمْ الدِّينِيَّةُ صَدَّتْهُمْ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، وَلَكِنَّ كَثِيراً مِنْهُمْ مُتَمَرِّدُونَ فِي النِّفَاقِ، خَارِجُونَ عَنْ حَظِيرَةِ الدِّينِ، وَلاَ يُرِيدُونَ إلاَّ الجَاهَ وَالرِّيَاسَةَ، وَيَسْعَوْنَ إلى تَحْصِيلِهِمَا بِأيَّةِ طَرِيقَةٍ كَانَتْ، وَبِأيَّةِ وَسِيلَةٍ قَدَرُوا عَلَيْها.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 81

81. If the Jews who allied themselves with the believers and the Arab polytheists believed in the prophet they claim to follow (meaning Moses (peace be upon him) ) if they believed in the truths and the signs which were revealed to him, they would not have formed alliances with these idolatrous unbelievers; their religious faith would have made that impossible. But most of them are hypocritical and seditious people who transgress the commandments of their religion and seek only to increase their social position, working to achieve advancement in every possible way.

{لَتَجِدَنَّ أَشَدَّ ٱلنَّاسِ عَدَاوَةً لِّلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ ٱلْيَهُودَ وَٱلَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُواْ وَلَتَجِدَنَّ أَقْرَبَهُمْ مَّوَدَّةً لِّلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُوۤاْ إِنَّا نَصَارَىٰ ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ مِنْهُمْ قِسِّيسِينَ وَرُهْبَاناً وَأَنَّهُمْ لاَ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ}

{عَدَاوَةً} {آمَنُواْ} {نَصَارَىٰ}

(82) – يَقُولُ تَعَالَى: إِنَّ أَكْثَر النَّاسِ عَدَاوَةً لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ (الذِينَ آمَنُوا بِمُحَمَّدٍ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَاتَّبَعُوهُ)، هُمُ اليَهُودُ وَالمُشْرِكُونَ. وَإِنَّ أَقْرَبَ النَّاسِ مَوَدَّةً لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ هُمُ النَّصَارَى، الذِينَ قَالُوا عَنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ إِنَّهُمْ يُتَابِعُونَ المَسِيحَ عَلَى دِينِهِ، لِمَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مِنَ الرِّقَّةِ وَالرَّأْفَةِ، وَلأَِنَّ بَيْنَهُمْ قِسِّيسِينَ يَتَوَلَّوْنَ تَعْلِيمَهُمْ أَحْكَامَ الدِّينِ، وَيُبَصِّرُونَهُمْ بِمَا فِي دِينِهِمْ مِنْ سُمُوٍّ وَآدَابٍ وَفَضَائِلَ، وَلأَِنَّ بَيْنَهُمْ رُهْبَاناً يَضْرِبُونَ لَهُمُ المَثَلَ فِي الزُّهْدِ وَالتَقَشُّفِ وَالإِعْرَاضِ عَنِ الدُّنْيا وَزُخْرُفِهَا وَفِتْنَتِهَا، وَيُنَمُّونَ فِي نُفُوسِهِم الخَوْفَ مِنَ اللهِ، وَالانْقِطَاعَ لِلْعِبَادَةِ، وَإِنَّهُمْ لاَ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنِ الإِذْعَانِ لِلْحَقِّ، حِينَمَا يَتَبَيَّنُ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ حَقٌّ.

(كَانَ اليَهُودُ وَالمُشْرِكُونَ يَشْتَرِكُونَ فِي بَعْضِ الصِفَاتِ التِي اقْتَضَتْ عَدَاوَتَهُمُ الشَّدِيدَةَ لِلْمُؤْمِنينَ: كَالكِبْرِ وَالعُتُوِّ وَالبَغْيِ وَالأَثَرَةِ وَالقَسْوَةِ، وَضَعْفِ العَاطِفَةِ الإِنْسَانِيَّةِ (مِنْ حَنَانٍ وَرَحْمَةٍ) وَالعَصَبِيَّةِ القَوْمِيَّةِ. وَكَانَ مُشْرِكُو العَرَبِ فِي جَاهِلِيَّتِهِمْ أَرَقَّ مِنَ اليَهُودِ قُلُوباً، وَأَعْظَمَ سَخَاءً وَإِيثَاراً، وَأَكْثَرَ حُرِّيَّةً فِي الفِكْرِ وَاسْتِقْلالاً فِي الرَّأْيِ).

العَدَاوَةُ – البَغْضَاءُ.
المَوَدَّةُ – المَحَبَّةُ.
القِسِّيسُ – رَجُلُ الدِّينِ عِنْدَ النَّصَارَى.
الرَّاهِبُ – رَجُلُ الدِّينِ مِنَ النَّصَارَى الزَّاهِدُ فِي الدُّنْيا.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 82

82. Allah Almighty says: “It is the Jews and polytheists who are most hostile to the believers (meaning those who believe in Mohammad (peace be upon him) and follow Him). The Christians, however, show the closest affinity to the believers. They can be defined as followers of the religion of the Messiah, their hearts full of gentleness and forgiveness, because they have among them priests who live up to the responsibility of teaching them the precepts of their religion and indicating the nobility, the morality, and the virtues it contains. They also have among them priests who set an example of piety, asceticism, and indifference to this world and its adornments and charms. These priests develop in their followers the hermit’s life and the fear of Allah. They do not scorn to submit to the truth when it is revealed to them.” (The Jews and the idolaters both felt a violent hostility towards the believers, and so had several characteristics in common, such as egotism, hardheartedness, a lack of humane sentiments like tenderness and forgiveness, and national chauvinism. In the era of ignorance, the Arab idolaters had hearts more tender than the Jews. They were more generous and more altruistic than them, and enjoyed a greater liberty of spirit and independence of mind.)

{وَإِذَا سَمِعُواْ مَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَى ٱلرَّسُولِ تَرَىۤ أَعْيُنَهُمْ تَفِيضُ مِنَ ٱلدَّمْعِ مِمَّا عَرَفُواْ مِنَ ٱلْحَقِّ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَآ آمَنَّا فَٱكْتُبْنَا مَعَ ٱلشَّاهِدِينَ}

{آمَنَّا} {ٱلشَّاهِدِينَ}

(83) – وَإِذا سَمِعُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنَ القُرْآنِ، وَتُلِيَ عَلَيْهِمُ القُرْآنَ، تَفيِضُ عُيُونُهُمْ بِالدَّمْعِ (أَيْ يَبْكون حَتَّى يَسيلَ الدَّمعُ مِنْ عُيُونِهِمْ)، لأَنَّهُمْ عَرَفُوا أَنَّ مَا بَيَّنَهُ القُرْآنُ هُوَ الحَقُّ، وَلَمْ يَمْنَعْهُمْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ عُتُوٌّ وَلاَ اسْتِكْبَارٌ وَلا تَعَصُّبٌ كَمَا يَمْنَعُ غَيرَهُمْ. وَحِينَ يَسْمَعُونَ الحَقَّ الذِي جَاءَ بِهِ القُرْآنُ، وَهُوَ مُطَابِقٌ لِمَا جَاءَ فِي كُتُبِهِمْ، يَتَضَرَّعُونَ إِلى اللهِ بِأَنْ يَتَقَبَّلَ مِنْهُمْ إيمَانَهُمْ وَأَنْ يَكْتُبَهُمْ مَعَ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ الذِينَ جَعَلَهُمُ اللهُ شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ، لأَنَّهُمْ يَعْلمُونَ مِنْ كُتُبِهِمْ، وَمِمَّا يَتَنَاقََلُونَهُ عَنْ أَسْلاَفِهِمْ، أنَّ النَّبِيَّ الأَخِيرَ الذِي يَكْمُلُ بِهِ الدِّيْنُ، وَيَتمُّ التَّشْرِيعُ، يَكُونُ مُتَّبِعُوهُ شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ، وَيَكُونُونَ حُجَّةً عَلَى المُشْرِكِينَ وَالمُبْطِلِينَ.

تَفِيضُ أَعْيُنُهُمْ مِنَ الدَّمْعِ – يَبْكُونَ حَتَّى يَسِيل الدَّمْعُ مِنْ عُيُونِهِمْ.
مَعَ الشَّاهِدِينَ – مَعَ الذِينَ يَشْهَدُونَ أنَّ رِسَالَةَ مُحَمَّدٍ حَقٌّ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 83

83. When the Christians hear extracts of the Quran revealed by Allah to His prophet, when they hear the Quran recited, they shed tears (they weep until the tears flow), because they know that the Quran points to the truth. Neither presumptuousness nor arrogance nor chauvinism prevent them from recognizing this fact, as they prevent others. When they hear the truth embodied in the Quran, which corresponds perfectly with what they find in their own books, they beg Allah to accept their faith and to inscribe them in the ranks of Mohammad (peace be upon him)’s followers, whom He has charged to be His witness among men. For they know from their own scriptures, and from what they learned from their ancestors, that the disciples of the last prophet who will complete the perfecting of the religion, and through whom all divine laws will be proclaimed, will be witnesses to all humanity and will serve to discredit the idolaters and the renegades.

{وَمَا لَنَا لاَ نُؤْمِنُ بِٱللَّهِ وَمَا جَآءَنَا مِنَ ٱلْحَقِّ وَنَطْمَعُ أَن يُدْخِلَنَا رَبُّنَا مَعَ ٱلْقَوْمِ ٱلصَّالِحِينَ}

{ٱلصَّالِحِينَ}

(84) – وَيَقُولُ هَؤُلاءِ المُؤْمِنُونَ مِنَ النَّصَارَى: وَمَا الذِي يَمْنَعُنَا مِنْ أَنْ نُؤْمِنَ بِاللهِ وَحْدَه لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَمَا الذِي يَصُدُّنَا عَنِ اتِّبَاعِ مَا جَاءَنَا مِنَ الحَقِّ عَلَى لِسَانِ رَسُولِهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم، بَعْدَ أَنْ ظَهَرَ أنَّهُ رُوحُ الحَقِّ الذِي بَشَّرَ بِهِ المَسِيحُ وَإِنَّنَا لَنَطْمَعُ أنْ يُدْخِلَنَا رَبُّنَا مَعَ القَوْمِ الذِينَ صَلَحَتْ أَحْوَالُهُمْ بِالعَقَائِدِ الصَّحِيحَةِ.

وَمَا لَنَا لاَ نُؤْمِنُ – وَمَا الذِي يَمْنَعُنَا مِنْ أَنْ نُؤْمِنَ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 84

84. The believers amongst the Christians say: “What is there to prevent us from believing in a sole Allah, without associate, and how can we fail to follow the truth that the prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) has brought to us, now that it has become clear that he is the spirit of truth announced by the Messiah? We wish that Allah may place us among the just who live virtuously because they have embraced the true doctrines.”

{فَأَثَابَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِمَا قَالُواْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا وَذٰلِكَ جَزَآءُ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ}

{فَأَثَابَهُمُ} {جَنَّاتٍ} {ٱلأَنْهَارُ} {خَالِدِينَ}

(85) – فَجَازَاهُمُ اللهُ عَلَى إِيمَانِهِمْ بِهِ وَبِرُسُلُهِ، وَعَلَى تَصْدِيقِهِمْ بِالحَقِّ، وَاعْتِرَافِهِمْ بِهِ بِإِدْخَالِهِمْ فِي رَحْمَتِهِ، وَإسْكَانِهِمْ فِي جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي فِي جَنَبَاتِهَا الأنْهَارُ، وَسَيَكُونُونَ فِيهَا خَالِدِينَ أبَداً وَذَلِكَ هُوَ الجَزَاءُ الذِي أعَدَّهُ اللهُ لِمَنْ أحْسَنَ عَمَلاً.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 85

85. As a reward for their faith in Him and in His messengers, and for having believed in the truth and embraced it, Allah will shower them with His grace and give them gardens through which flow clear streams, where they will dwell for ever.

{وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَكَذَّبُواْ بِآيَٰتِنَآ أُوْلَـۤئِكَ أَصْحَٰبُ ٱلْجَحِيمِ}

{بِآيَاتِنَآ} {أُوْلَـۤئِكَ} {أَصْحَابُ}

(86) – وَالذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِاللهِ، وَبِرُسُلِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ، وَجَحَدُوا آيَاتِهِ وَخَالَفُوهَا، فَأولَئِكَ سَيَكُونُونُ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ، وَسَيَبْقُونَ فِيهَا خَالِدِينَ أَبداً.

الجَحِيمُ – النَّارُ التِي اشْتَدَّ حَرُّهَا.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 86

86. Those who deny Allah, His messengers, and His Books, and deny His signs, and transgress His commandments, will be consigned to Hell where they will remain for ever.

{يٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ لاَ تُحَرِّمُواْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَآ أَحَلَّ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَلاَ تَعْتَدُوۤاْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لاَ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُعْتَدِينَ}

{يٰأَيُّهَا} {آمَنُواْ} {طَيِّبَاتِ}

(87) – نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ المُسْلِمِينَ، قَالُوا: نَقْطَعُ مَذَاكِيرَنَا، وَنَتْرُكُ شَهَوَاتِ الدُّنْيا، وَنَسيحُ فِي الأرْضِ كَمَا يَفْعَلُ الرُّهْبَانُ. فَبَلَغَ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَوْلُهُمْ، فَأرْسَلَ إلَيْهِمْ وَسَأَلَهُمْ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ: وَلَكِنَّنِي أَصُومُ وَأُفْطِرُ، وَأُصَلِّي وَأنَامُ وَأنْكِحُ النِّسَاءَ، فَمْنَ أخَذَ بِسُنَّتِي فَهُوَ مِنِّي، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَأخُذُ بِسُنَّتِي فَلَيْسَ مِنِّي. وَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الآيَة يَأمُرُ فِيهَا المُؤْمِنِينَ بِألاّ يُحَرِّمُوا الطَّيِّبَاتِ التِي أحَلَّهَا اللهُ لِعِبَادِهِ، لأنَّهُ تَعَالَى يُحِبُّ أنْ يَسْتَعْمِلَ عِبَادُهُ نِعَمَهُ فِيمَا خُلِقَتْ لأجْلِهِ، وَأنْ يَشْكُرُوهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَيَكْرَهُ أنْ يَجْنُوا عَلَى الشَّرِيعَةِ التِي شُرِعَتْ لَهُمْ فَيَغْلُوا فِيهَا بِإبَاحَةِ مَا حَرَّمَ، أَوْ تَرْكِ مَا أحَلَّ وَفَرَضَ.

لا تَعْتَدُوا – لاَ تُجَاوِزُوا حُدُودَ اللهِ، فَتُحَرِّمُوا مَا أحَلَّ، أَو تُحِلُّوا مَا حَرَّمَ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 87

87. This verse was revealed in connection with a group of Muslims who said: “Let us mortify ourselves, let us abandon the pleasures of the flesh, and let us wander throughout the earth as the monks do.” Having heard of this intention, the prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) sent to them for confirmation. They answered in the affirmative. The prophet therefore said to them: “But I myself observe the fast and break it. I perform my prayers and I sleep and I have sexual relations with women. Whoever follows my precepts is dear to me. Whoever strays from them is not.” Allah Almighty revealed this verse, where He enjoins believers not to deprive themselves of the good things that He has permitted to His servants. For Allah loves His servants to benefit from His favours, using them well and giving thanks to Him for them. He detests people committing an injustice with regard to the laws He proclaims, and transgressing them, either by considering legal what He has forbidden or avoiding that which Allah has tolerated or prescribed.

{وَكُلُواْ مِمَّا رَزَقَكُمُ ٱللَّهُ حَلَـٰلاً طَيِّباً وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِيۤ أَنتُم بِهِ مُؤْمِنُونَ}

{حَلاَلاً}

(88) – وَيُبِيحُ اللهُ تَعَالَى لِلْمُؤْمِنينَ التَّمَتُّعَ بِالحَلاَلِ الطَّيِّبِ مِنَ الرِّزْقِ الذِي رَزَقَهُمْ، وَيَأمُرُهُمْ بِتَقْوَاهُ فِي جَمِيعِ أمُورِهِمْ، وَبِاتِّبَاعِ طَاعَتِهِ وَرِضْوَانِهِ، وَتَرْكِ مُخَالَفتِهِ وَعِصْيَانِهِ، بِتَحْلِيلِ مَا حَرَّمَ، أوْ بِتَحْرِيمِ مَا أحَلَّ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 88

88. Allah Almighty authorizes believers to enjoy the good foods He has permitted and made available to them. He commands them to fear Him in all their activities, to obey Him, to follow the path of grace, and not to disrespect the bounds He has set, either by condoning what He has prohibited or in treating as forbidden those things which He has permitted.

{لاَ يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِٱللَّغْوِ فِيۤ أَيْمَانِكُمْ وَلَـٰكِن يُؤَاخِذُكُم بِمَا عَقَّدتُّمُ ٱلأَيْمَانَ فَكَفَّارَتُهُ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ مِنْ أَوْسَطِ مَا تُطْعِمُونَ أَهْلِيكُمْ أَوْ كِسْوَتُهُمْ أَوْ تَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ فَمَن لَّمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ ذٰلِكَ كَفَّارَةُ أَيْمَانِكُمْ إِذَا حَلَفْتُمْ وَٱحْفَظُوۤاْ أَيْمَانَكُمْ كَذٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمْ آيَاتِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ}

{ۤ أَيْمَانِكُمْ} {ٱلأَيْمَانَ} {فَكَفَّارَتُهُ} {مَسَاكِينَ} {ثَلاَثَةِ} {كَفَّارَةُ} {أَيْمَانِكُمْ} {آيَاتِهِ}

(89) – هَذِهِ الآيَةُ نَزَلَتْ بَعْدَ أنْ أنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى الآيَةَ السَّابِقَةَ {يٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ لاَ تُحَرِّمُواْ طَيِّبَاتِ…}.

فَقَالَ الجَمَاعَةُ الذِينَ كَانُوا حَرَّمُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِم النِّسَاءَ وَاللَّحْمَ…: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كَيْفَ نَصْنَعُ بِأيْمَانِنَا التِي حَلَفْنَاهَا، فَأْنَزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الآيَةَ.

وَاللَّغْوُ فِي اليَمِينِ هُوَ قَوْلُ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ غَيْرِ قَصْدٍ: لاَ وَاللهِ، وَبَلَى وَاللهِ (وَقِيلَ: إِنَّها اليَمِينُ عِنْدَ الهَزْلِ، وَقِيلَ إنَّها فِي غَلَبَةِ الظَّنِّ، وَقِيلَ إنَّهَا اليَمِينُ عِنْدَ الغَضَبِ).

فَاللهُ تَعَالَى لاَ يُؤَاخِذُكُمْ، أيُّها المُؤْمِنُونَ، بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أيْمَانِكُمْ، وَلَكِنَّهُ يُؤَاخِذُكُمْ بِمَا صَمَّمْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَقَصَدْتُمُوهُ، فَإِذَا حَنِثَ المُؤْمِنُ بِيَمِينِهِ التِي قَصَدَهَا وَعَقَدَهَا، فَكَفَّارَتُهُ إِطْعَامُ عَشْرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ مُحَتْاجِينَ مِنَ الفُقَرَاءِ الذِينَ لاَ يَجِدُونَ مَا يَكْفِيهِمْ، أكْلَةً وَاحِدَةً، أوْ يَوْماً وَاحِداً. ثُمَّ يُبَيِّنُ اللهُ تَعَالَى نَوْعُ الطَّعَامِ الذِي يُقَدَّمُ لِهَؤُلاءِ المَسَاكِينِ، فَقَالَ إنَّهُ مِنْ أَوْسَطِ مَا تُطْعِمُونَ عِيَالَكُمْ فِي القِلَّةِ وَالكَثْرَةِ، أَوْ كِسْوَتُهُمْ (عَلَى خِلاَفٍ فِي مِقْدَارِ هَذِهِ الكُسْوَةِ)، أَوْ إعتَاقُ رَقَبَةٍ مِنَ الرِّقِّ. وَإذَا لَمْ يَقْدِرِ المُكَلَّفُ عَلَى وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الخَيَارَاتِ الثَّلاَثَةِ كَفَّرَ عَنْ حَنَثِهِ بِيَمِينِهِ بِصِيَامِ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مُتَتَابِعَاتٍ عَلَى قَوْلِ أبي حَنِيفَةَ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ. وَهَذِهِ هِيَ كَفَّارَةُ اليَمِينِ التِي يَحْلِفُهَا المُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ أوْ بِأحَدِ أسْمَائِهِ، إنْ حَنَثَ بِهَا، أوْ أَرَادَ أنْ يَحْنَثَ بِهَا. يَقُولُ تَعَالَى: لاَ تَتْرُكُوا أَيْمَانَكُمْ المَحْنُوثَ بِهَا دُونَ كَفَّارَةٍ. وَاحْفَظُوا أَيْمَانَكُمْ – وَقِيلَ إنَّ مَعْنَى وَاحْفَظُوا أَيْمَانَكُمْ – هُوَ لاَ تَبْذُلُوهَا فِي أتْفَهِ الأُمورِ وَأحْقَرِهَا، وَلاَ تُكْثِرُوا مِنَ الأَيْمَانِ الصَّادِقَةِ)، كَذَلِكَ يُوَضِّحُ اللهُ آيَاتِهِ وَيُبَيِّنُهَا لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ إذَا اتَّقَيْتُمْ وَأطَعْتُمُ اللهَ.

(وَيَجُوزُ الحَنَثُ لِمَصْلَحَةٍ رَاجِحَةٍ مَعَ التَّكْفِيرِ قَبْلَ الحَنَثِ. وَفِي الحَدِيثِ: ” إذَا حَلَفْتَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأيتَ غَيْرَها خَيْراً مِنْهَا، فَأتِ الذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ، وَكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينكَ ” ).

احْفَظُوا أَيْمَانَكُمْ – كَفِّرُوا عَنْهَا وَلاَ تَتْرُكُوهَا دُونَ كَفَّارَةٍ.
تَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ – إعْتَاقُهَا.
الحِنْثُ فِي اليَمِين – عَدَمُ التَّمَسُّكِ بِمُوجِبَاتِ اليَمِينِ.
اللَّغْوُ فِي الأيْمَانِ – هُوَ الحَلِفُ عَلَى مَا اعْتَقَدْتُمْ صِدْقَهُ أَوْ مَا يَجْرِي عَلَى اللِّسَانِ لَغْواً.
عَقَّدْتُمُ الأيْمَانَ – وَثَّقْتُمُوهَا بِالقَصْدِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 89

89. This verse was revealed immediately after verse 87 (“O believers, do not treat as forbidden the good things that Allah has permitted to you….”). Those who had forbidden themselves women and the consumption of meat asked Mohammad (peace be upon him): “O messenger of Allah, what should we do about the vows we have sworn?” Allah then revealed this verse. To swear an oath lightly or exaggeratedly means not really to intend what one is saying: “No, by Allah” or “Yes, by Allah.” Some people think that it also refers to the oath made jokingly, or when one is almost certain of something, or when one is angry. Allah Almighty does not reproach you for the hyperbole of oaths lightly said, but He does reproach you for hyperbole in oaths solemnly sworn. If a believer violates an oath which he has deliberately sworn and then fails to live up to his contractual obligations, he can redeem himself by providing (as expiation) ten needy individuals with food for one meal or one day. Allah then indicates the kind of food that should be offered to these poor people: it should be the kind of food you normally offer to your own family, whether you are well-off or not. One can also redeem oneself by providing clothing for ten needy people (there is no agreement on the value of the clothing), or by freeing a slave. According to Abu Hanifa and al-Shafi’i, anyone who lacks the means to fulfill any of these three options can redeem himself by fasting for three consecutive days. Such is, for the believer, the method of expiating the violation of an oath, whether he has actually broken it or has merely intended to do so. Allah Almighty says: “Be sure to expiate the violation of an oath (‘Keep your promises’).” (Some prefer to interpret it as follows: Do not swear lightly or pointlessly, and do not even swear true oaths too frequently.) It is thus that Allah makes His instructions perfectly explicit. You will perhaps be grateful, if you fear and obey Him. (The violation of an oath is permitted in cases of an alternative interest prevailing, as long as one expiates the violation before committing it. The prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) says on this subject: “If you swear an oath and then find that some other alternative is preferable, do what is best, but expiate your violation of the oath.”)

{يَٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ إِنَّمَا ٱلْخَمْرُ وَٱلْمَيْسِرُ وَٱلأَنصَابُ وَٱلأَزْلاَمُ رِجْسٌ مِّنْ عَمَلِ ٱلشَّيْطَانِ فَٱجْتَنِبُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ}

{يَٰأَيُّهَا} {آمَنُواْ} {ٱلأَزْلاَمُ} {ٱلشَّيْطَانِ}

(90) – يَنْهَى اللهُ تَعَالَى عِبَادَهُ المُؤْمِنينَ عَنْ تَعَاطِي الخَمْرِ وَلَِْبِ القِمَارِ (المَيْسِر)، وَعَنْ ذَبْحِ القَرَابينِ عِنْدَ الأَنْصَابِ، (وَهِيَ حِجَارَةٌ كَانَتْ تُحِيطُ بِالْكَعْبَةِ)، كَمَا يَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الاسْتِقْسَامِ بِالأَزْلاَمِ (وَالأَزْلاَمِ ثَلاَثَةُ قِدَاحٍ أَوْ سِهَامٍ يُجِيلُونَهَا ثُمَّ يُلْقُونَهَا، وَقَدْ كُتِبَ عَلَى أَحَدِهَا (افْعَلْ)، وَعَلى الأخَرِ (لاَ تَفْعَلْ)، وَالثَّالِثُ غُفْلٌ مِنَ الكِتَابَةِ. فَإِذَا خَرَجَ السَّهْمُ الذِي كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِ (افْعَلْ) فَعَلَ. وَإذَا خَرَجَ السَّهْمُ الذِي كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِ (لاَ تَفْعَلْ) لَمْ يَفْعَلْ. وَإذا خَرَجَ السَّهْمُ الغُفْلُ مِنَ الكِتَابَةِ أَعَادَ الاسْتِقْسَامَ.

وَيَقُولُ تَعَالَى لِعِبَادِهِ المُؤْمِنِينَ الصَّادِقِينَ إنَّ هَذِهِ المُنْكَرَاتِ: الخَمْرَ وَالمَيْسِرَ.. إنَّمَا هِيَ شَرٌّ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ (رِجْسٌ) فَاجْتَنِبُوا هَذَا الرِّجْسَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ وَتَفُوزُونَ بِرِضْوَانِ اللهِ.

الرِّجْسُ – لُغَةً هُوَ المُسْتَقْذَرُ حِسّاً أَوْ مَعْنىً.
الخَمْرُ – هِيَ مَا تَخَمَّرَ مِنْ عَصِيرِ الفَوَاكِهِ عَامَّةً. وَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ إنَّهَا مَا تَخَمَّرَ مِنْ عَصِيرِ العِنَبِ أَوْ التِّمْرِ، وَقَالَ الشَّافِعيُّ إنَّهَا كُلُّ مَا أسْكَرَ.
المَيْسِرُ – القِمَارُ.
الأَنْصَابُ – حِجَارَةٌ حَوْلَ الكَعْبَةِ كَانُوا يُعَظِّمُونَها.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 90

90. Allah forbids His servants the believers to drink wine, to gamble, to offer sacrifices on votive stones (the stones which surrounded the Kaaba), or to use arrows to affect the future. (The custom was to select three arrows and throw them down at random. On the first was written “Do it,” on the second “Do not do it,” and on the third nothing at all. If one drew the first arrow, one carried out the action in question; if one drew the second, one desisted; and if one drew the third, the arrows were cast again.) Allah Almighty tells His servants and true believers that these prohibited activities, that is, wine, gambling, etc., are detestable inventions (stains) of the devil’s, which they must avoid in the hope of triumphing and gaining Allah’s grace.

{إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ ٱلشَّيْطَانُ أَن يُوقِعَ بَيْنَكُمُ ٱلْعَدَاوَةَ وَٱلْبَغْضَآءَ فِي ٱلْخَمْرِ وَٱلْمَيْسِرِ وَيَصُدَّكُمْ عَن ذِكْرِ ٱللَّهِ وَعَنِ ٱلصَّلاَةِ فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُّنتَهُونَ}

{ٱلشَّيْطَانُ} {ٱلْعَدَاوَةَ} {ٱلصَّلاَةِ}

(91) – إنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يُرِيدُ لَكُمْ شُرْبَ الخَمْرِ، وَلَعِبَ المَيْسِرِ، لِيُعَادِيَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضاً، وَيَبْغُضَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضاً، فِيِتَشَتَّتَ أمْرُكُمْ بَعْدَ أنْ ألَّفَ اللهُ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِكُمْ بِالإيمَانِ، وَجَمَعَ بَيْنَكُمْ بِأخُوَّةِ الإسْلاَمِ، ويُرِيدُ الشَّيْطَانُ أنْ يَصْرِفَكُمْ بِالسُّكْرِ وَالاشْتِغَالِ بِالمَيْسِرِ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللهِ الذِي بِهِ صَلاَحُ أمْرِكُمْ، فِي دُنْيَاكُمْ وَآخِرَتِكُمْ، وَعَنِ الصَّلاَةِ التِي فَرَضَهَا اللهُ عَلَيْكُمْ، تَزْكِيَةً لِنُفُوسِكُمْ، وَتَطْهِيراً لِقُلُوبِكُمْ.

وَالخَمْرُ تٌفْقِدُ الإِنْسَانَ عَقْلَهُ الذِي يَمْنَعُهُ عَنْ إتْيَانِ الأفْعَالِ القَبِيحَةِ، وَعَنْ تَوْجِيهِ الأقْوالِ الشَّائِنَةِ إلى النَّاسِ، فَإِذا شَربهاَ الإِنْسَانُ أقْدَمَ عَلَى مَا لاَ يُقْدِمُ عَلَيهِ وَهُوَ صَاحٍ مَتَمَالِكٌ قِواهُ فَيُسِيءُ إلى أصْحَابِهِ وَإِخْوَانِهِ، وَيُؤذِيهِمْ فَيُؤَدِّي ذَلِكَ إلى الشَّحْنَاءِ وَالبَغْضَاءِ.

وَالمَيْسِرُ يُثِيرُ البَغْضَاءَ وَالشَحْنَاءَ بَيْنَ اللاعِبِينَ وَالحَاضِرِينَ، وَكَثِيراً مَا يُفرِّطُ المُقَامِرُ فِي حُقُوقِ الوَالِدَيْنِ وَالزَّوْجِ وَالأوْلاَدِ، حَتَّى يُوشِكُ أنْ يَمْقُتَهُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ.

ثُمَّ يَأمُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى المُؤْمِنينَ بِأنْ يَنْتَهُوا عَنْ هَذِهِ المُنْكَرَاتِ ليُفَوِّتُوا عَلَى إبْلِيسَ غَرَضَهُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 91

91. The devil wants you to drink wine and indulge in gambling so that you will fall to arguing with each other and sow enmity between you. You will thus be dispersed, after Allah has united your hearts through your faith and has bound you in the fraternal ties of Islam. Through drunkenness and gambling, the devil wants to make you forget Allah. But remembering Allah is the way to gain salvation in this world and the next. The devil seeks to distract you from the prayers which Allah has ordained to cleanse your souls and purify your hearts. Wine causes men to lose that very faculty of reason which prevents them from committing detestable acts. When one drinks, one does harm to one’s friends and one’s brothers, which leads to resentment and hostility. Gambling provokes enmity and resentment among the gamblers and the onlookers. He who abandons himself to gambling often sacrifices the rights of his father and mother, as well as those of his wife and children, until all of them come to detest him. Allah then orders believers to cease these practices in order to prevent the devil from achieving his objectives.

{وَأَطِيعُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُواْ ٱلرَّسُولَ وَٱحْذَرُواْ فَإِن تَوَلَّيْتُمْ فَٱعْلَمُوۤاْ أَنَّمَا عَلَىٰ رَسُولِنَا ٱلْبَلاَغُ ٱلْمُبِينُ}

{ٱلْبَلاَغُ}

(92) – يَأمُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى المُؤْمِنينَ بِطَاعَتِهِ فِيمَا أمَرَ بِهِ مِنِ اجْتِنَابِ الخَمْرِ وَالمَيَسِرِ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا مِنْ سَائِرِ المُحَرَّمَاتِ، وَبِطَاعَةِ رَسُولِهِ فِيمَا بَيَّنَهُ لَهُمْ مِنْ شَرْعِ اللهِ، وَفِيمَا يَحْكُمُ بِهِ بَيْنَهُمْ، وَيُحَذِّرُهُمْ مِنَ العِصْيَانِ وَالمُخَالَفَةِ وَالعِنَادِ. ثُمَّ يَقُولُ لَهُمْ إنَّهُمْ إنْ تَوَلَّوْا عَنِ الإِيمَانِ، وَأصَرُّوا عَلَى المُخَالَفَةِ، وَالاعْتِدَاءِ عَلَى حُرُمَاتِ اللهِ، وَعَلَى تَجَاوُزِ شَرْعِهِ الكَرِيمِ، فَإنَّ الحُجَّةَ قَدْ قَامَتْ عَلَيهِمْ، وَالرَّسُولُ قَامَ بِمَا أمَرَهُ بِهِ رَبُّهُ مِنَ الإِبْلاغِ وَالإِنْذَارِ وَالدَّعْوَةِ، وَإنَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ إلَى اللهِ فَيُحَاسِبُهُمْ عَلَى أعْمَالِهِمْ كَبِيرِهَا وَصَغِيرِها.

البَلاغُ – تَبْلِيغُ الدَّعْوَةِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 92

92. Allah orders believers to obey Him in avoiding wine and gambling, as well as the other prohibited activities. He warns them to obey His messenger, to follow the instructions of Allah which His prophet has indicated to them, and to accept his judgement in their litigations. He warns them against transgressing and persisting in doing so, and then says: “If you turn aside from faith and persist in transgressing and in committing acts which Allah has forbidden, and in violating His noble law, we have an argument which touches your case. The prophet has accomplished his mission in communicating the message to you, warning you and summoning you to the true path. You will be summoned to appear before Allah, and He will judge you for all your actions, however great or small they may be.”

{لَيْسَ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّالِحَاتِ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا طَعِمُوۤاْ إِذَا مَا ٱتَّقَواْ وَآمَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّالِحَاتِ ثُمَّ اتَّقَواْ وَآمَنُواْ ثُمَّ اتَّقَواْ وَّأَحْسَنُواْ وَٱللَّهُ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ}

{آمَنُواْ} {ٱلصَّالِحَاتِ} {وَآمَنُواْ}

(93) – حِينَمَا أنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى تَحْرِيمَ الخَمْرِ تَسَاءَلَ بَعْضُ المُسْلِمِينَ عَنْ حَالِ مَنْ شَرِبُوا الخَمْرَ قَبْلَ التَّحْرِيمِ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ. وَبُيَيِّنُ لَهُمْ تَعَالَى أنَّ الذِينَ آمَنُوا وعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَلاَ إثْمَ، فِيمَا أَكَلُوا أوْ شَرِبُوا مِنَ الخَمْرِ، أوْ أكَلُوا وَشَرِبُوا، مِمَّا لَمْ يَكُنْ مُحَرَّماً ثُمَّ حُرِّمَ، إذَا مَا اتَّقَوا اللهَ، وَآمَنُوا بِمَا كَانَ قَدْ نَزَلَ مِنَ الأحْكَامِ، وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ التِي كَانَتْ قَدْ شُرِعَتْ، كَالصَّلاَةِ وَالصَّومِ، ثُمَّ اتَّقَوا مَا حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيهِمْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ العِلْمِ بِهِ، وَآمَنُوا بِمَا أنْزَلَ فِيهِ وَفِي غَيْرِهِ، ثُمَّ اسْتَمَرُّوا عَلَى التَّقْوَى، وَأحْسَنُوا أعْمَالَهُمْ، فَأَتَوْا بِهَا عَلَى الوَجْهِ الأكْمَلِ، وَتَمَّمُوا نَقْصَ فَرِائِضِهَا بِنَوَافِلِ الطَّاعَاتِ، وَاللهُ يُحِبُّ المُحْسِنينَ، فَلا يُبِقِي فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ أثَراً مِنَ الآثَارِ السَّيِّئَةِ، التِي وَصَفَ بِهَا الخَمْرَ وَالمَيْسِرَ، مِنَ الإِيقَاعِ فِي العَدَاوَةِ وَالبَغْضَاءِ.

الجُنَاحُ – الحَرَجُ وَالإِثْمُ.
طَعِمُوا – أكَلُوا أوْ شَرِبُوا.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 93

93. After Allah had prohibited wine, certain Muslims wondered about the status of those who had consumed wine before the edict against it. This verse was then revealed. Allah Almighty indicates that those who believe and who do good deeds run no risk whatsoever, and that they have committed no sin in eating or drinking anything prior to its being forbidden by Allah. He indicates that they have committed no sin in winning money at gambling or in practicing usury, or if they drank wine or ate anything which was not forbidden and was later prohibited; on condition that they fear Allah, believe in all the revealed precepts, carry out the good deeds prescribed, such as prayer and fasting, and then shun everything that Allah has forbidden once they are aware of the prohibition. They will not have to redeem themselves if they believe in Allah’s revelations, continue to fear Allah and remain pious, carry out good works in the best possible manner, and fulfill any other obligations through acts of piety beyond what is necessary. Allah loves benevolent people. He leaves in their hearts no evil trace of the wine and gambling traces, that is, such as He has already mentioned: discord and hostility.

{يَـٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ لَيَبْلُوَنَّكُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِشَيْءٍ مِّنَ ٱلصَّيْدِ تَنَالُهُ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَرِمَاحُكُمْ لِيَعْلَمَ ٱللَّهُ مَن يَخَافُهُ بِٱلْغَيْبِ فَمَنِ ٱعْتَدَىٰ بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ}

{يَـۤأَيُّهَا} {آمَنُواْ}

(94) – يُخْبِرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى: بِأنَّهُ يَخْتَبِرُ عِبَادَهُ المُؤْمِنِينَ (يَبْلُوهُمْ) فِي حَالَةِ إحْرَامِهِمْ، بِأنْ يَجْعَلَ صِغَارَ حَيَوَانَاتِ الصَّيْدِ وَضِعَافِها فِي مُتَنَاوَلِ أيْدِيهِمْ، لَوْ شَاؤُوا لَتَنَاوَلُوهَا بِأيْدِيهِمْ، كَمَا أنَّهُ سَيَخْتَبِرُهُمْ بِجَعْلِ كِبَارِ الحَيَواناتِ فِي مُتَنَاوَلِ رِمَاحِهِمْ، تَعْرِضُ لَهُمْ، أوْ تَغْشَاهُمْ فِي رَحِالِهِمْ، لِيَعْلَمَ مَنْ يُطيعُ اللهَ مِنْهُمْ فِي سِرِّهِ وَجَهْرِهِ، وَيَمْتَنِعُ عَنِ الصَّيْدِ مَا دَامَ مُحْرِماً. فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ هذا التَّحذِيرِ مِنَ اللهِ، وَقَتَل الصَّيْدَ أوْ أكَلَ لَحْمَهُ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ، فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أليمٌ فِي الآخِرَةِ لِمُخَالَفَتِهِ شَرْعَ اللهِ.

يَبْلُوكُمْ – يَخْتَبِرُكُمْ.
تَنَالُهُ أيْدِيكُمْ – يَكُونُ فِي مُتَنَاوَلِ أيْدِيكُمْ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 94

94. Allah Almighty says that He will put His servants the believers to the test when they go on their pilgrimage, by placing within reach small, weak animals which they can catch with their hands if they wish, and will further test them by putting within reach of their lances larger animals who will make themselves visible to the pilgrims or come close to them during their journey. Allah will thus know which of the pilgrims are obeying Allah, internally as well as openly, in His prohibition of hunting during the pilgrimage. After this warning delivered by Allah, whoever succumbs to this temptation and kills the beast or eats of its flesh while he is on his pilgrimage, shall receive a terrible punishment on Judgement Day for having transgressed the divine law.

{يَـٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ لاَ تَقْتُلُواْ ٱلصَّيْدَ وَأَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ وَمَن قَتَلَهُ مِنكُم مُّتَعَمِّداً فَجَزَآءٌ مِّثْلُ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ ٱلنَّعَمِ يَحْكُمُ بِهِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِّنْكُمْ هَدْياً بَالِغَ ٱلْكَعْبَةِ أَوْ كَفَّارَةٌ طَعَامُ مَسَاكِينَ أَو عَدْلُ ذٰلِكَ صِيَاماً لِّيَذُوقَ وَبَالَ أَمْرِهِ عَفَا ٱللَّهُ عَمَّا سَلَف وَمَنْ عَادَ فَيَنْتَقِمُ ٱللَّهُ مِنْهُ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ ذُو ٱنْتِقَامٍ}

{يَـۤأَيُّهَا} {آمَنُواْ} {بَالِغَ} {كَفَّارَةٌ} {مَسَاكِينَ}

(95) حَرَّمَ اللهُ صَيْدِ البَرِّ فِي حَالِ الإِحْرامِ، وَنَهَى المُؤْمِنينُ عَنْ تَنَاولِهِ فِيهِ، وَمَنْ قَتَلَ الصَّيْدَ مُتَعَمِّداً، وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ، يَجِبُ عَليهِ جَزَاءٌ مِنْ مِثْلِ الحَيَوانِ الذِي قَتَلَهُ (إنْ كَانَ لِلْحَيَوانِ مِثْلٌ فِي الحَيَوانَاتِ الألِيفَةِ)، يَحْكُمُ بِهِ رَجُلانِ عَادِلاَنِ مِنْ المُسْلِمِينَ (وَقَدْ حَكَمَ بَعْضُهُمْ بِنَحْرِ تَيْسٍ فِي جَزَاءٍ عَنْ قَتْلِ ظَبْيٍ)، وَعَلَى مَنْ وَقَعَ عَليهِ الجَزَاءُ انْ يَأتِيَ بِالمِثْلِ الذِي سَيَذْبَحُهُ إلى الكَعْبَةِ، لِيَكُونَ هَدْياً لَهَا، فَيُذْبَحُ هُنَاكَ، وَيُوَزَّعُ لَحْمُهُ عَلَى فُقَرَاءِ أهْلِ الحَرَمِ. فَإِذا لَمْ يَجِدِ المُحْرِمُ مِثْلَ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ النَّعَمِ، أوْ لَمْ يَكنِ الصَّيْدُ المَقْتُولُ مِنْ ذَوَاتِ الأمْثَالِ فَيُخَيَّرُ المُحْرِمُ بَيْنَ أمُورٍ:

أ – أنْ يُقَوَّمَ الصَّيْدُ المَقْتُولُ، وَيُقَوَّمَ مِثْلُهُ مِنَ النَّعَمِ، لَوْ كَانَ مَوْجُوداً، فِي المَكَانِ الذِي تَمَّ فِيهِ الصَّيْدُ، أَوْ فِي أقْربِ مَكَانٍ إليهِ، ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِي المُحْرِمُ المُخَالِفُ بِثَمَنِهِ طَعَاماً فَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ عَلَى فُقَرَاءِ الحَرَمِ.

ب- أَوْ يُطْعِمَ مَسَاكِينَ. وَيَخْتَلِفُ عَدَدُهُمْ بِحَسَبِ أهْمِّيَّةِ الصَّيْدِ المَقْتُولِ: فَقِيلَ إنَّ مَنْ قَتَلَ ظَبْياً فَعَلَيهِ ذَبْحُ شَاةٍ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ صَامَ ثَلاَثَةَ أيَّامٍ. وَإذَا قَتَلَ نَعَامَةً أَوْ حِمَارَ وَحْشٍ، فَعَلَيْهِ ذَبْحُ بَدَنَةٍ (نَاقَةٍ أَوْ بَعيرٍ)، فَإنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ أطْعَمَ ثَلاَثِينَ مِسْكِيناً. ج- وَإذا لَمْ يَجِدْ مَا يَطْعِمُ بِهِ المَسَاكينَ صَامَ أيَّاماً عَنْ ذَلِكَ.

وَتَتَرَاوَحُ مُدَّةُ الصَّوْمِ مِنْ ثَلاَثَةِ أيَّامٍ، فِي قَتْلِ ظَبْيٍ، إلى ثَلاثِينَ يَوْماً، فِي قَتْلِ نَعَامَةٍ أوْ حِمَارِ وَحْشٍ. (يَصُومُ يَوْماً عَنْ إِطْعَامِ كُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ).

وَيَذْكُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى: أنَّهُ أَوْجَبَ الكَفَّارَةَ لِيَذُوقَ المُتَجَاوِزُ العُقُوبَةَ عَنِ الفِعْلِ الذِي ارْتَكَبَ فِيهِ المَخَالَفَةَ (وَبَالَ أمْرِهِ).

وَقَدْ ألْحِقَتِ السُّنَّةُ قَتْلَ الصَّيْدِ خَطَأً بِقَتْلِهِ عَمْداً، فِي وُجُوبِ الكَفَّارَةِ. وَلَكِنْ دُونَ أنْ يَكُونَ عَلَى المُخْطِىءِ إِثْمٌ.

وَقَدْ عَفَا اللهُ تَعَالَى عَمَّا سَلَفَ مِنْ قَتْلِ الصَّيْدِ فِي حَالَةِ الإِحْرَامِ، الذِي تَمَّ قَبْلَ هذا التَّحْرِيمِ، وَقَبْلَ بُلُوغِ الحُكْمِ الشَّرْعِيِّ لِلنَّاسِ. وَمَنْ عَادَ فِي الإِسْلاَمِ إلى فِعْلِ ذَلِكَ فَيَنْتَقِمُ اللهُ مِنْهُ، واللهُ عَزيزٌ مَنيعُ الجَانِبِ، قَادِرٌ عَلَى أنْ يَنْتَقِمَ مِمَّنْ عَصَاهُ.

وَأنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ – وَأنْتُمْ مُحْرِمُونَ لِلَْحَجِّ أوِ العُمْرَةِ.
النَّعَمِ – الحَيَوانَاتِ الألِيفَةِ (الإِبْلِ وَالبَقَرِ وَالغَنَمِ وَالمَاعِزِ).
ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ – رَجُلانِ عَدْلاَنِ مَشْهُودٌ لَهُمَا بِالإِنْصَافِ، عَلَى أنْ يَكُونَا مِنَ المُسْلِمِينَ.
عَدْلُ ذَلِكَ – عَدْلُ الطَّعَامِ وَمُقَابِلُهُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 95

95. Allah forbids hunting during the holy months. He also forbids the eating of hunted animals. He who deliberately kills any prey during the holy months shall be obliged to offer the sacrifice of an equivalent domestic animal (if there is such an equivalent). Two upright men from among the Muslims will be responsible for adjudicating the case (some ordered the killing of a ram for an antelope killed during the holy months). Whoever is subject to such a penalty must bring the sacrificial animal to the Kaaba. The animal’s throat will be cut there and its meat distributed to the poor in the holy place. If the hunter cannot supply the equivalent of the animal killed, or if no such equivalent exists, he can in that case redeem himself in one of the three following ways:
a. An evaluation is made of the quarry, or the equivalent domestic animal, at the spot where the hunt took place, or as close to it as possible. The guilty hunter shall then buy food worth that sum and offer it to the poor at the holy site.
b. He can also redeem himself by feeding the poor, in numbers appropriate to the size of the quarry. Some are of the opinion that whoever kills an antelope must slaughter a goat. If none are available, he must fast for three days. If he kills an ostrich or an onager, he must slaughter a she-camel or a camel. If none are available, he must feed thirty poor people.
c. If he has insufficient means to feed thirty people, he must fast instead. The length of the fast varies between three days for an antelope killed and thirty days for an ostrich or an onager. (In expiation, he must fast one day for every poor person he should have fed.) Allah says that He has exacted expiation so that the guilty party will suffer the punishment due for the infraction committed (‘taste the unhappy effects of his act’).

The precepts drawn from the practices of the prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) cover both the accidental and the deliberate killing of a beast of prey during the holy months, and therefore ordain the same expiatory sacrifice in both cases. The one difference is that he who kills accidentally commits no sin.

Allah pardons hunting during the holy months if it preceded His prohibition or if the fault is committed before the perpetrators have knowledge of His decree. Allah will take revenge on anyone who reneges after having been converted to Islam. Allah is all-powerful and invincible. He is capable of taking revenge on anyone who disobeys Him.

{أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ صَيْدُ ٱلْبَحْرِ وَطَعَامُهُ مَتَاعاً لَّكُمْ وَلِلسَّيَّارَةِ وَحُرِّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ صَيْدُ ٱلْبَرِّ مَا دُمْتُمْ حُرُماً وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِيۤ إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ}

{مَتَاعاً}

(96) – أحَلَّ اللهُ تَعَالَى لَكُمْ صَيْدَ البَحْرِ (وَهُوَ مَا يُصَادُ طَرِيّاً)؛ كَمَا أحَلَّ لَكُمْ طَعَامَهُ (وَهُوَ مَا يُتَزَوَّدُ مِنْهُ مُمَلَّحاً أوْ يَابِساً – وَرُوِيَ أنَّ كَلِمَةَ طَعَامِهِ تَعْنِي مَا قَذَفَهُ البَحْرُ عَلَى شُطْآنِهِ فَمَاتَ، أَوْ هُوَ مَا أَخْرَجَهُ البَحْرُ مَيِّتاً مِنَ حَيَوَانَاتِهِ). وَقَدْ جَعَلَ اللهُ صَيْدَ البَحْرِ وَطَعَامَه مَتَاعاً يَنْتَفِعُ بِهِ وَيَسْتَمْتِعُ مَنْ كَانَ مُقيماً بِحَاضِرَةِ البَحْرِ، أوْ مُجَتَازاً بِهِ فِي سَفَرٍ (لِلسَّيَارَةِ). وَكَرَّرَ تَعَالَى التَّأكِيدَ عَلَى حُرْمَةِ صَيْدِ البَرِّ فِي حَالَةِ الإِحْرَامِ.

وَكَرَّرَ اللهُ تَعَالَى الأمْرَ لِلْمُؤْمِنينَ بِتَقْوَى رَبِّهِم الذِي سَيُحْشَرُونَ إلَيهِ فَيُحَاسِبُهُمْ عَلَى كُلِّ أفْعَالِهِمْ.

(وَيُحرِّمُ اللهُ أكلْ لَحْمِ صَيدِ البَرِّ عَلَى المُحْرِمِ، إذَا كَانَ الصَّيْدُ قَدْ وَقَعَ لأجْلِهِ، أمَّا إذا لَمْ يُقْصَدْ هُوَ بِالصَّيْدِ، وَلَمْ يُشِرِ هُوَ بِهِ، وَلَمْ يُعِنْ عَلَيهِ، جَازَ لَهُ أكْلُهُ).

لِلسَّيَارَةِ – لِلْمُسَافِرِينَ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 96

96. Allah Almighty has permitted you to hunt the creatures of the sea. He has allowed you to consume the food thus obtained. (One eats it salted or dried. Some say that that ‘nourishment from the sea’ here refers to creatures cast up by the sea and which die as a consequence. Or they are creatures which the sea casts up after they have died.) Allah has provided fish and the fruits of the sea as a great benefit which profits and delights those who live near the sea, or travellers who pass there (‘for travellers’).

Allah insists on the fact that He forbids believers any kind of hunting during the holy months. Allah Almighty repeats His commandment to believers to fear Him, before Whom they will appear on the Day of Judgement when they will be called to account for their actions. (Allah forbids the believer to eat meat from a hunted animal during the holy months, if the hunting was done on his account. However, if the hunting was not done on his account, if he has neither asked that it be done nor assisted in it, then it will be legal for him to eat the meat.)

{جَعَلَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْكَعْبَةَ ٱلْبَيْتَ ٱلْحَرَامَ قِيَٰماً لِّلنَّاسِ وَٱلشَّهْرَ ٱلْحَرَامَ وَٱلْهَدْيَ وَٱلْقَلاَئِدَ ذٰلِكَ لِتَعْلَمُوۤاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِي ٱلأَرْضِ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ}

{قِيَاماً} {وَٱلْقَلاَئِدَ} {ٱلسَّمَاوَاتِ}

(97) – جَعَلَ اللهُ الكَعْبَةَ بَيْتاً حَرَاماً لِلنَّاسِ، وَيَقُومُ بِهِ أمْرُ دِينِهِمْ بِالحَجِّ إليهِ، وَأمْرُ دُنْيَاهُمْ إذْ يَأمَنُ الدَّاخِلُ إليهِ مِنَ التَّعرُّضِ لَهُ، وَتُجْبَى إليهِ ثَمَرَاتُ كُلِّ شيءٍ.

وَقَدْ جَعَلَ اللهُ الأشْهُرَ الحُرُمَ سَبَباً لِقِيَامِ أمْنِ النَّاسِ مِنَ القِتَالِ فِيهَا، فَكَانَ النَّاسُ إذَا دَخَلَ الشَّهْرُ الحَرَامُ، زَالَ خَوْفُهُمْ مِنَ القِتَالِ، وَأمِنُوا فِي تِجَارَتِهِمْ وَأسْفَارِهِمْ.

وَكَذَلِكَ جَعَلَ اللهُ الهَدْيَ المُقَلَّدَ (القَلائِدَ – هُوَ الهَدْيُ الذِي طَوَّقَهُ أصْحَابُه بِطَوْقٍ خَاصٍّ مِنْ لِحَاءِ الشَّجَرِ) آمناً وَلَوْ سَارَ فِي غَيْرِ الشَّهْرِ الحَرَامِ (لأنَّ النَّاسَ يَعْرِفُونَ مِنَ القَلائِدِ أنَّهُ مُوَجَّهٌ إلى الحَرَمِ، فَلاَ يَتَعَرَّضُونَ لَهُ بِسُوءٍ، احْتراماًَ لِلْحَرَمِ)، وَقَدْ جَعَلَ اللهُ هذا التَّدبِيرَ اللَطِيفَ لأجْلِ أنْ تَتَفَكَّرُوا فِي أنَّهُ تَعَالَى يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي السَّمَاواتِ وَمَا فِي الأَرْضِ، وَأنَّ عِلْمَهُ مُحِيطٌ بِكُلِّ شَيءٍ، وَقَدْ أوْقَعَ فِي قُلُوبِ النَّاسِ تَعْظِيمَ البَيْتِ الحَرَامِ، وَالشَّهْرِ الحَرَامِ، لِحِكْمَةٍ بَالِغَةِ صَادِرَةٍ عَنْ عِلْمِهِ بِخَفَايَا الأُمورِ، وَالشَّهْرَ الحَرَامِ، لِحِكْمَةٍ بَالِغَةِ صَادِرَةٍ عَنْ عِلْمِهِ بِخَفَايَا الأمُورِ، لِتَأمِينِ الرِّزْقِ وَالأمْنِ لِسُكَّانِ البَلَدِ الحَرَامِ.

قِيَاماً لِلنَّاسِ – قَواماً لِمَصَالِحِهِمْ دُنْيا وَدِيناً.
الكَعْبَةَ – هِيَ البَيْتُ الحَرَامُ الذِي أمَرَ اللهُ إبْرَاهِيمَ بِبِنَائِهِ عَلَى أرْضِ مَكَّةَ، وَسُمِّيَتْ كَعْبَةً لأنَّهَا مُكَّعَبةُ الشَّكْلِ.
الهَدْيَ – مَا يُهْدَى إلى الحَرَمِ مِنَ الذَّبَائِحِ تَقَرُّباً إلى اللهِ.
القَلائِدَ – الذَّبَائِحَ المُوَجَّهَةَ إلى البَيْتِ الحَرَامِ وَهِيَ مُقَلَّدَةٌ بِطَوقٍ مِنْ لِحَاءِ الشَّجَرِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 97

97. Allah Almighty has made the Kaaba as a sacred House for mankind. He has ordained that they complete their religion by making a pilgrimage there, and that they will find refuge there, since whoever enters into that place ceases to be subject to attack. It was erected by Allah as a place in which to make offerings of all kinds. Allah made the holy months a time when human beings could regain peace and security. Once a holy month began, people no longer needed to fear violence and they could feel secure when travelling and trading.

Allah also brought it to pass that the sacrificial animals with a garland (those whose necks are adorned with a special collar made from bark) can circulate freely even outside the holy months. For people recognize them by their collars and thus know that they are destined for the holy shrine and do not approach them, out of respect for the holy site. Allah took this laudable measure so that you might meditate and understand that He knows all that there is in the heavens and on the earth and that He is omniscient. He arouses in people a sense of veneration for the holy site and for the holy months for a wise reason which issues from His knowledge of latent things, and so as to procure food and to ensure the security of the inhabitants of the holy site.

{ٱعْلَمُوۤاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلْعِقَابِ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ}

(98) – وَاعْلَمُوا، يَا أيُّهَا المُخَالِفُونَ لأمْرِ اللهِ، أنَّ اللهَ يَعْلَمُ سِرَّكُمْ وَعَلاَنِيَتَكُمْْ، وَأنَّهُ سَيُحَاسِبُكُمْ عَلَى كُلِّ عَمَلٍ عَمِلْتُمُوهُ، صَغِيراً كَانَ أوْ كَبِيراً، وَأنَّهُ تَعَالَى شَديدُ العِقَابِ لِمَنْ عَصَاهُ، وَاسْتَمَرَّ فِي عِنَادِهِ، وَأنَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ لِمَنْ تَابَ إليهِ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ، وَرَجَعَ إلَى اللهِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 98

98. You who transgress Allah’s commandments, know that He is aware of what you hide as well as what you show in public, and that He will punish you for all the things you have done, great or small. Know that He is severe in His punishment. He will inflict it on those who disobey Him and persist in their obstinacy, and know that He is merciful and forgiving to those who repent and return to the Lord.

{مَّا عَلَى ٱلرَّسُولِ إِلاَّ ٱلْبَلاَغُ وَٱللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا تَكْتُمُونَ}

{ٱلْبَلاَغُ}

(99) – الرَّسُولُ مُكَلَّفٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ بِإبْلاغِ النَّاسِ أوَامِرَ رَبِّهِ وَرِسَالاتِهِ، وَحِسَابُ النَّاسِ عَلَى اللهِ، وَهُوَ تَعَالَى يَعْلَمُ السَّرَائِرَ وَالعَلَنَ، وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ مَا تُخْفِي الصُّدُورُ، وَمَا يُبَيِّتُهُ الإِنْسَانُ فِي سِرِّهِ، وَسَيُحَاسِبُ كُلَّ إنْسَانٍ عَلَى جَميعِ أعْمَالِهِ فِي الدُّنْيا.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 99

99. The prophet is charged by Allah to communicate to the people the orders and the message of the Lord. Allah Himself will assume the responsibility of punishing people. He knows what you reveal and what you conceal. He knows what is hidden in your hearts and what men plan in secret. Everyone will be judged according to all his deeds in this world.

{قُل لاَّ يَسْتَوِي ٱلْخَبِيثُ وَٱلطَّيِّبُ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ كَثْرَةُ ٱلْخَبِيثِ فَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ يٰأُوْلِي ٱلأَلْبَابِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ}

{يٰأُوْلِي} {ٱلأَلْبَابِ}

(100) – قُلْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ لِمَنْ تُخَاطِبُهُمْ: لاَ يَسْتَوي الخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ، وَلَوْ أعْجَبَكَ، يَا أيُّهَا الإِنْسَانُ، كَثْرَةُ الخَبِيثِ؛ وَقَلِيلٌ مِنَ الحَلاَلِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ كَثيرٍ مِنَ الحَرَامِ الضَّارِّ.

(وَجَاءَ فِي الحَدِيثِ: ” مَا قَلَّ وَكَفَى خَيْرٌ مِمَّا كَثُرَ وَأَلْهَى ” ) فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ يَا ذَوي العُقُولِ الصَّحِيحَةِ المُسْتَقِيمَةِ، وَتَجَنَّبُوا الحَرَامَ، وَاقْنَعُوا بِالحَلاَلِ، وَاكْتَفُوا بِهِ، لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ فِي الدُّنْيا وَالآخِرَةِ.

وَكَمَا لاَ يَسْتَوِي الخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ، كَذَلِكَ لاَ يَسْتَوِي البَرُّ وَ الفَاجِرُ، وَلاَ المُصْلِحُ وَالمُفْسِدُ، وَلاَ بُدَّ مِنَ الجَزَاءِ الحَقِّ العَادِلِ.

الطَّيِّبُ – هُوَ مَا طَابَ لِلنَّفْسِ أكْلُهُ، وَيُقْصَدُ بِهِ هُنا مَا أَحْلَّ اللهُ.
الخَبِيثُ – ضِدُّ الطَّيِّبِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 100

100. O Mohammad (peace be upon him), say to those whom you address: “The pernicious and the good are not of equal value, even if the former tempts you with its abundance. A few permitted things are worth far more than a host of illicit and harmful things.” (The prophet said: “That which is small but sufficient is worth far more than that which is abundant but leads you astray from the true path.”) You who are rational and thoughtful, avoid that which Allah has forbidden you, and be content with what He permits, if you wish to do well in this world and the next. Just as the bad does not equal the good, so the pious and the impious are not equal either, nor the reformer and the corrupter. Accurate differentiation is therefore indispensable.

{يٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ لاَ تَسْأَلُواْ عَنْ أَشْيَآءَ إِن تُبْدَ لَكُمْ تَسُؤْكُمْ وَإِن تَسْأَلُواْ عَنْهَا حِينَ يُنَزَّلُ ٱلْقُرْآنُ تُبْدَ لَكُمْ عَفَا ٱللَّهُ عَنْهَا وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ}

{يٰأَيُّهَا} {آمَنُواْ} {لاَ تَسْأَلُواْ} {ٱلْقُرْآنُ}

(101) – يُؤَدِّبُ اللهُ تَعَالَى عِبَادَهُ المُؤْمِنينَ، وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنْ أنْ يَسْألُوا عَنْ أشْيَاءَ لاَ فَائِدَةَ لَهُمْ فِي السُؤَالِ عَنْهَا، وَعَنِ التَّنْقِيبِ عَنْ خَفَايَاهَا، لأَنَّها إنْ ظَهَرَتْ لَهُمْ تِلْكَ الأشْيَاءُ رُبَّمَا سَاءَتْهُمْ، وَشَقَّ عَلَيْهِمْ سَمَاعُهَا.

(وَرُوِيَ فِي سَبَبِ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الآيَةِ الكَرِيمَةِ ” أنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم خَرَجَ غَضْبَانَ، مَحْمَرَّ الوَجْةِ حَتَّى جَلَسَ عَلَى المِنْبَرِ، فَقَامَ إلَيهِ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: أيْن أبِي؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي النَّارِ. فَقَامَ آخَرُ فَقَالَ: مَنْ أبِي؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ: أَبُوكَ حُذَافَةُ ” ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ). (رَوَاهُ البُخَارِيُّ).

وَيَقُولُ تَعَالَى: إذَا سَألْتُمْ عَنْ هَذِهِ الأشْيَاءِ التِي نُهِيتُمْ عَن السُّؤَالِ عَنْها، حِينَ يَنْزِلُ القُرآنُ فِي شَأنِهَا أوْ حُكْمِهَا، أوْ لأجْلِ فَهْمِ مَا نَزَلَ إلَيكُمْ، فَإِنَّ اللهَ يُبْدِيهِ لَكُمْ عَلَى لِسَانِ رَسُولِهِ.

(وَجَاءَ فِي الحَدِيثِ: ” ذَرُونِي مَا تَرَكْتُكُمْ، فَإنَّمَا أهْلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ كَثْرَةُ سُؤَالِهِمْ، وَاخْتِلافُهُمْ عَلَى أنْبِيَائِهِمْ ” ). (رَوَاهُ العَوْفِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ).

وَقِيلَ إنَّ المَقْصُودَ بِقَولِهِ تَعَالَى: {لاَ تَسْأَلُواْ عَنْ أَشْيَآءَ…} هُوَ لاَ تَسْألُوا عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ تَسْتَأنِفُونَ السُّؤَالَ عَنْها، فَلَعَلَّهُ يَنْزِلُ بِسَبَبِ سُؤَالِكُمْ تَشْدِيدٌ أوْ تَضْيِيقٌ.

(وَجَاءَ فِي الحَدِيثِ: ” أعْظَمُ المُسْلِمِينَ جُرْماً مَنْ سَألَ عَنْ شَيءٍ لَمْ يُحَرَّمْ فَحُرِّمَ مِنْ أجْلِ مَسْألَتِهِ ” ).

إنْ تُبْدَ لَكُمْ – تَسُؤْكُمْ – إنْ ظَهَرَتْ لَكُمْ سَاءَتْكُمْ وَشَقَّ عَلَيْكُمْ سَمَاعُهَا.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 101

101. Allah Almighty chides His servants the believers and forbids them to ask questions which are not useful for them to ask. It would also be fruitless to try to fathom mysteries, for if they were to be exposed to them these things could do them harm, and hearing them might expose them to pain. (Concerning the reasons for the revelation of this verse, it is reported by al-Bukhary that one day, before getting on the stand, the prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) became extremely angry and red in the face. A man approached him and asked him: “Where is my father?” The prophet replied: “In the fire.” Another asked him: “Who is my father?” “Hudhafa,” replied the prophet. Then this verse was revealed.)

Allah Almighty says: “If you enquire about matters on which revelations have been made in the Quran, in order to articulate precepts on these subjects, or in order to understand that which has been revealed to you, Allah will make everything clear to you through the mediation of His prophet.” According to al-Aoufy, citing Ibn Abbas, the prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) said: “Do not question me about those things that I have left unexplained. Those who came before you hastened to their destruction by asking too many questions and disagreeing about their prophets.” Some are of the opinion that by “Do not ask about things…,” Allah means: Do not ask about things again and again. For Allah could as a result impose restrictions or constraints upon you. (The prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) said: “The Muslim who commits the greatest offence is he who asks questions about a thing which has not been forbidden but becomes so because of his questioning.”)

{قَدْ سَأَلَهَا قَوْمٌ مِّن قَبْلِكُمْ ثُمَّ أَصْبَحُواْ بِهَا كَافِرِينَ}

{كَافِرِينَ}

(102) – لَقَدْ سَألَ هَذِهِ المَسَائِلَ المَنْهِيَّ عَنْها قَوْمٌ مِنْ قَبِلِكُمْ فَأُجِيبُوا عَنْهَا، ثُمَّ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِهَا فَأصْبَحُوا بِسَبَبِهَا كَافِرِينَ، لأنَّهَا بُيِّنَتْ لَهُمْ، فَلَمْ يَنْتَفِعُوا بِهَا، وَلَمْ يَتَّبِعُوهَا.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 102

102. Other peoples before you asked questions concerning these same forbidden matters. Answers were given them, but they did not have faith and they became unbelievers. For these questions were made clear to them, but they did not profit on that account and did not heed the answers.

{مَا جَعَلَ ٱللَّهُ مِن بَحِيرَةٍ وَلاَ سَآئِبَةٍ وَلاَ وَصِيلَةٍ وَلاَ حَامٍ وَلَـٰكِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ يَفْتَرُونَ عَلَىٰ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ لاَ يَعْقِلُونَ}

{سَآئِبَةٍ}

(103) – البَحِيرَةُ هِيَ الوَاحِدَةُ مِنَ الأنْعَامِ التِي يَبْحَرُونَ أذْنَهَا، أيْ يَشُقُّونَهَا شَقّاً وَاسِعاً، وَكَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ ذَلِكَ إذَا أنْتَجَتْ خَمْسَةَ أبْطُنٍ وَكَانَ الخَامِسُ أنْثَى. وَكَانُوا يَجْعَلُونَ دَرَّهَا لِلطَّوَاغِيتِ، فَلاَ يَحْلِبُهَا أحَدٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ، وَيُسَيِّبُونَهَا لآلِهَتِهِمْ.

السَّائِبَةُ – وَهِيَ التي تُسَيَّبُ بِأنْ يَنْذُرُوهَا لآلِهَتِهِمْ، فَتَرْعَى حَيْثُ تَشَاءُ، وَلا يُحْمَلُ عَلَيها شَيءٌ، وَلا يُجَزُّ صُوفُها، وَلا يُحْلَبُ لَبَنُها إلاَّ لِضَيْفٍ.

الوَصِيلَةُ – هِيَ النَّاقَةُ البكْرُ، تُبْكِرُ فِي أوَّلِ نَتَاجِ الإِبِلِ، ثُمَّ تُثنِّي بِأنْثَى، وَكَانُوا يُسَيِّبُونَها لِطَواغِيتِهِمْ إنْ وَصَلَتْ إِحْداهما بِالأخْرَى لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُمَا ذَكَرٌ.

الحَامِي – هُوَ فَحْلُ الإِبِلِ يُولدُ مِنْ ظَهْرِهِ عَشَرَةُ أبْطُنٍ، فَيَقُولُونَ حَمَى ظَهْرَهُ، فَلاَ يُحْمَلُ عَلَيْهِ، وَلا يُمْنَعُ مَاءً وَلا مَرْعَى.

وَيَقُولُ تَعَالَى: إنَّهُ لَمْ يَأْذَنْ لِهَؤُلاءِ بِأنْ يُحَرِّمُوا مَا أَحَلَّهُ اللهُ، وَلَمْ يَشْرَعْ مَا شَرَعَهُ البُغَاةُ لأنْفُسِهِمْ، وَلكنَّ الذِينَ كَفَروا يَفْتَرُونَ الكَذِبَ عَلَى اللهِ، ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُونَهُ شَرْعاً وَقُرْبةً يَتَقَرَّبُونَ بِهَا إليهِ، وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِحَاصِلٍ، بَلْ هُوَ وَبَالٌ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَأكْثَرُهُمْ لاَ يَعْقِلُونَ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 103

103. The “bahira” is the female camel who had her ear clipped and was then left at liberty because she had borne offspring five times and the fifth was a female. Her udder (her milk) became the property of the idols. No one milked her, therefore, and she was left in liberty to the honour of the deity. The “sa’iba” is the female camel dedicated to the service of a divinity. She wandered wherever she wished, was never given a load to bear, and was never clipped, or milked except as a favour for a guest. The “wassila” is a young female camel of great fertility. She conceives at an early age, and the second time she is pregnant she gives birth to a female. She was dedicated to their divinities if she gave birth to two successive females. “Al-hami” is a male camel which has sired ten offspring. He was not given loads to bear and was never denied water or pasture.

Allah Almighty says that He has not authorised these men to treat as illicit what Allah had permitted, and that He has not instituted the laws which the unjust instituted for themselves. The unbelievers, however, fabricate lies and ascribe them to Allah, and then derive laws from them and gifts through which they seek to get closer to Him. But that will not transpire. Most of them, however, do not think clearly.

{ وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ تَعَالَوْاْ إِلَىٰ مَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ وَإِلَى ٱلرَّسُولِ قَالُواْ حَسْبُنَا مَا وَجَدْنَا عَلَيْهِ آبَاءَنَآ أَوَلَوْ كَانَ آبَاؤُهُمْ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ شَيْئاً وَلاَ يَهْتَدُونَ}

{آبَاءَنَآ} {آبَاؤُهُمْ}

(104) – وَإذا دُعُوا إلَى مَا شَرَعَهُ اللهُ وَأوْجَبَهُ، فِي القُرْآنِ، مِنَ الأحْكَامِ المُؤَيَّدَةِ بِالحُجَجِ وَالأَدِلَّةِ، وَإلَى رَسُولِهِ المُبَيِّنِ لِمُجْمَلِ هَذِهِ الأحْكَامِ، وَإلَى تَرْكِ مَا حَرَّمَهُ اللهُ قَالُوا: يَكْفِينَا أنْ نَتَّبِعَ مَا وَجَدْنَا عَلَيهِ الآبَاءَ وَالأجْدَادَ مِنَ الطَّرَائِقِ وَالمَسَالِكِ وَالمُعْتَقَدَاتِ. فَإذا كَانَ آبَاؤُهُمْ لاَ يَفْقَهُونَ شَيْئاً، وَلا يَعْرِفُونَ حَقّاً، وَلاَ يَهْتَدُونَ إليه، فَكَيْفَ يَتَّبِعُونَهُمْ وَالحَالَةُ هَذِهِ؟ إنَّهُمْ إنِ اتَّبَعُوهُمْ كَانُوا بِلاَ شَكٍّ أكْثَرَ جَهْلاً مِنْ آبَائِهِمْ وَأضَلَّ سَبيلاً.

حَسْبُنا – كَافِينَا.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 104

104. If they are asked to pay heed to the law initiated and proclaimed by Allah in the Quran, as well as to the precepts corroborated by arguments and proofs, and to the prophet who explains all these precepts in their entirety, and to shun whatever Allah has forbidden, they reply: “It is enough for us to follow the ways, the methods, and the doctrines of our ancestors.” If their ancestors understood absolutely nothing, did not know the truth and did not find the right path that leads to it, why should they be followed? If they follow their ancestors, they will certainly be even more ignorant and more lost than their ancestors were.

{يٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ لاَ يَضُرُّكُمْ مَّن ضَلَّ إِذَا ٱهْتَدَيْتُمْ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ مَرْجِعُكُمْ جَمِيعاً فَيُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ}

{يٰأَيُّهَا} {آمَنُواْ}

(105) – يَأمُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى المٌُؤْمِنينَ بِأنْ يُصْلِحُوا أنْفُسَهُمْ، وَأنْ يَفْعَلُوا الخَيْرَ جَهْدَ طَاقَتِهِمْ، لِيَتَقَرَّبُوا بِذَلِكَ إلى اللهِ. وَيُخْبِرُهُمْ تَعَالَى أنَّهُ مَنْ أصْلَحَ نَفْسَهُ وَأَمْرَهُ مِنْهُمْ، فَلاَ يَضُرُّهُ فَسَادُ مَنْ فَسَدَ مِنَ النَّاسِ، سَوَاءٌ أكَانَ قَرِيباً أوْ بَعِيداً، ” وَسُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلى الله عيه وسلم عَنْ هَذِهِ الآيَةِ فَقَالَ: بَلِ ائْتَمِرُوا بِالمَعْرُوفِ، وَتَنَاهَوْا عَنِ المُنْكَرِ، حَتَّى إذا رَأيْتُمْ شُحّاً مُطَاعاً، وَهَوًى مَتَّبَعاً، وَدُنْيا مُؤْثَرَةً، وَإعْجَابَ كُلِّ ذِي رَأيٍ بِرَأيِهِ، فًَعَلَيكَ بِخَاصَّةِ نَفْسِكَ، وَدَعْ عَنْكَ العَوَامَّ، فَإِنَّ مِنْ وَرَائِكُمْ أيَّاماً الصَّابِرُ فِيهِنَّ مِثْلُ القَابِضِ عَلَى الجَمْرِ، لِلْعَامِلِ فِيهِنَّ أجْرُ خَمْسِينَ رَجُلاً يَعْمَلُونَ كَعَمَلِكُمْ ” (رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ).

فَالمُؤْمِنُ لاَ يَكُونُ مُهْتَدِياً إذَا أصْلَحَ نَفْسَهُ، وَلَمْ يَهْتَمَّ بإصْلاَحِ غَيْرِهِ، بِأنْ يَأمُرَهُ بِالمَعْرُوفِ، وَيَنْهَاهُ عَنِ المُنْكَرِ، فَهَذا فَرْضٌ لاَ هَوَادَةَ فِيهِ، وَلَكِنَّ هذِهِ الفَرِيضَةُ تَسْقُطُ إذا فَسَدَ النَّاسُ فَسَاداً لاَ يُرْجَى مَعَهُ تَأثِيرُ الوَعْظِ وَالإِرْشَادِ.

عَلَيْكُمْ أنْفُسَكُمْ – الزَمُوهَا وَاحْفَظُوهَا مِنَ المَعَاصِي.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 105

105. Allah Almighty orders the believers to improve themselves and to act as virtuously as they can, in order to come closer to Him. He tells them that those among them who reform and apply themselves to good deeds will have nothing to fear from those who go astray, for they cannot possibly harm them, whether they are near or far. (According to Al-Tirmadhiy, the prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) was asked about this verse, and he replied: “Devote yourselves to good, all of you, and forbid yourselves evil. Even if you see people ruled by avarice or submitting to their passions or preferring the world here below and becoming infatuated with themselves and their opinions, pay heed to yourself and let the common people be. The day will come when whoever is patient will resemble someone who grasps a fire, and when the gracious man will be repaid fifty times more than someone who acts as you others do.”)

A believer is not following the true path if he reforms himself but does not concern himself with reforming others, by prescribing goodness and preventing evil. That is an imperative obligation. This obligation, however, is no longer in force if people reach such a pitch of corruption that any exportation to good and any advice prove to be unavailing.

{يَا أَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ شَهَادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ ٱلْمَوْتُ حِينَ ٱلْوَصِيَّةِ ٱثْنَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِّنْكُمْ أَوْ آخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ إِنْ أَنتُمْ ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي ٱلأَرْضِ فَأَصَابَتْكُم مُّصِيبَةُ ٱلْمَوْتِ تَحْبِسُونَهُمَا مِن بَعْدِ ٱلصَّلاَةِ فَيُقْسِمَانِ بِٱللَّهِ إِنِ ٱرْتَبْتُمْ لاَ نَشْتَرِي بِهِ ثَمَناً وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَىٰ وَلاَ نَكْتُمُ شَهَادَةَ ٱللَّهِ إِنَّآ إِذَاً لَّمِنَ ٱلآَثِمِينَ}

{يِا أَيُّهَا} {آمَنُواْ} {شَهَادَةُ} {آخَرَانِ} {فَأَصَابَتْكُم} {ٱلصَّلاَةِ} {شَهَادَةَ}

(106) – قِيلَ إنَّ حُكْمَ هَذِهِ الآيَةِ مَنْسُوخٌ. وَلَكِنَّ الأَكْثَرِيَّةَ مُتَّفِقَةٌ عَلَى أنَّهُ مُحْكَمٌ. وَهَذِهِ الآيَةُ تَتَضَمَّنُ حُكْمَ مَنْ تُوُفّيَ وَلَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ أَحَدٌُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الإِسْلاَمِ – وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي أوَّلِ الإِسْلامِ، وَالنَّاسُ كُفَّارٌ، وَالأَرْضُ أرْضُ حَرْبٍ – وَكَانَ النَّاسُ يَتَوَارَثُونَ بِالوَصِيَّةِ، ثُمَّ نُسِخَتِ الوَصِيَّةُ، وَفُرِضَتِ الفَرَائِضُ، وَعَمِلَ النَّاسُ بِهَا.

وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فِي سَبَبِ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الآيَةِ مَا يَلِي:

(خَرَجَ بَدْيِلٌ، مَوْلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ العَاصِ، مَعَ تَاجِرَينِ نَصْرَانِيَّينِ هُمَا تَمِيمٌ الدَّارِيُّ وَعُدِيُّ بْنُ بَدَاءَ، فِي تِجَارَةٍ إلَى الشَّامِ، وَفِي الطَّرِيقِ اشْتَكَى بَدِيلٌ فَكَتَبَ وَصِيَّتَهُ بِيَدِهِ ثُمَّ دَسَّهَا فِي مَتَاعِهِ، وَأوْصَى إليهِما. فَلَمَّا مَاتَ فَتَحَا مَتَاعَهُ فَأخَذا مِنْهُ شَيْئاً ثُمَّ حَجَرَاهُ كَمَا كَانَ. وَقَدِمَا عَلَى أهْلِهِ فِي المَدِينَةِ فَدَفَعا مَتَاعَهُ، فَفَتَحَ أهْلُهُ المَتَاعَ فَوَجَدُوا كِتَابَهُ وَعَهْدَهُ، وَمَا خَرَجَ بِهِ، وَفَقَدُوا جَاماً مِنْ فِضَّةٍ مُطَعَّمَةٍ بِالذَّهَبِ، فَسَألْوهُمْا عَنْهُ فَقَالا: هَذا الذِي قَبَضْنَا لَهُ، وَدَفَعَ إلينا. فَقَالُوا هذا كِتَابُهُ بِيَدِهِ. قَالاَ: مَا كَتَمْنَا لَهُ شَيْئاً. فَتَرَافَعُوا إلى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ فَأمَرَ النَّبِيُّ أنْ يَسْتَحْلِفُوهُمَا، دُبُرَ صَلاةِ العَصْرِ، بِاللهِ الذِي لاَ إلهَ إلاَّ هُوَ مَا قَبَضْنَا غَيْرَ هَذا وَلاَ كَتَمْنَاهُ. فَحَلفَا. ثُمَّ وَجَدَ أَهْلُهُ الجَامَ فِي مَكَّةَ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ مَنْ وَجَدُوهُ عِنْدَهُ: إنَّهُ اشْتَرَاهُ مِنْ عَدِيٍ وَتَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيِّ. فَقَالَ هَذانِ: نَعَمْ، وَلَكِنَّا اشْتَرَينَاهُ مِنْهُ، وَنَسِينا أنْ نَذْكُرَهُ حِينَ حَلَفْنَا، فَكَرِهْنَا أنْ نَكْذِبَ فِي نُفُوسِنا. فَتَرَافَعُوا إلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَنَزَلَتْ الآيَةُ التَّالِيَةُ{فَإِنْ عُثِرَ عَلَىٰ أَنَّهُمَا ٱسْتَحَقَّآ} فَأَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ رَجُلَينِ مِنْ أهْلِ بَيْتِ المَيِّتِ أن يَحْلِفَا عَلَى مَا كَتَمَ تِمِيمٌ وَعَدِيٌّ وَغَيَّبَاهُ وَيَسْتَحِقَّانه.

ثُمَّ إنَّ تَمِيماً الدَّارِيَّ أسْلَمَ، وَبَايَعَ النَّبِيِّ، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ صَدَقَ رَسُولُ اللهِ، أنَا أخَذْتُ الإِنَاءَ.

(وَيَرَى ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أنْ يَحْلِفَ الشَّاهِدانِ، إِنْ كَانَا غَيْرَ مُسْلِمينِ، بَعْدَ صَلاَةِ أهْلِ دِينِهِمَا، لأَنَّهُ لاَ مَعْنَى لِتَحْلِيفِهِمَا بَعْدَ صَلاَةِ العَصْرِ، لأنَّهُما لا يُبَالِيَانِ بِصَلاَةِ ظُهْرٍ وَلاَ عَصْرٍ، وَلا يُؤْمِنَانِ بِهَا).

وَقَدْ أضَافَ اللهُ تَعَالَى الشَّهَادَةَ لِنَفْسِهِ الكَرِيمَةِ تَكْرِيماً لَهَا وَتَعْظِيماً.

الشَّهَادَةُ – قَوْلُ مَنْ أبْصَرَ وَشَاهَدَ بِمَا شَاهَدَ.
تَحْبِسُونَهُمَا – تُمْسِكُونَهُمَا وَتَمْنَعُونَهُمَا مِنَ الهَرَبِ.
ارْتَبْتُمْ – شَكَكْتُمْ.
ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي الأرْضِ – سَافَرْتُمْ فِيهَا.
لاَ نَشْتَرِي بِهِ ثَمَناً – لاَ نَأخُذُ بِقَسَمِنَا كَذِباً عَرَضاً دُنْيَوِيّاً.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 106

106. Some believe that the commandments included in this verse have been abrogated. Most, however, are in agreement on their obligatory character. This verse establishes the course to follow when someone dies without a Muslim at his side. This was in the early days of Islam. There were many unbelievers and the world lived in a state of war. Inheritance was based on testaments. Testaments were later abrogated and laws were established and respected by the people. Ibn Abbas says in connection with this verse: “A man named Badile who was the servant of Amr Bnul-Ass travelled to al-Cham to do business with two Christians named Tamimu Al-Dary and Adiyyu bnu Bada’. On his journey, Badile fell ill. He then wrote his testament with his own hand and hid it in his belongings. When he died, the two Christians went through his belongings, removed one thing, and then put them in order again. When they arrived in Medina, they delivered his belongings to his family. His relatives unpacked them, found the will, and recovered all of his goods except for a silver goblet encrusted with gold, so they asked the two men about it and they replied: “That is everything he had with him and everything he gave us.” The relations retorted: “But he wrote this will with his own hand!” The two men replied: “We have hidden nothing that belonged to him.” They then all went to the prophet, so that he might judge the case. This verse was revealed, and the prophet said that they should swear an oath after the afternoon prayer, and he required them to swear on the one true Allah that they had revealed everything that they had found and had not concealed anything. They swore that this was true. The dead man’s relatives later came across the cup in Makkah. The man in whose possession they discovered it said that he had bought it from Adiyyu and Tamimu Al-Dary. These two responded by saying: “Yes, that is true. But we bought it from him and we forgot to mention it when we swore our oath. We are extremely sorry that we lied.” They then appealed to the prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him), and the subsequent verse was revealed (“If it becomes apparent that these two witnesses have violated their oath…,” see verse 107 below). The prophet ordered two of the dead man’s relations to swear that Tamimu and Adiyyu had concealed the truth and had hidden what should properly have been delivered to the family. Tamimu Al-Dary subsequently converted to Islam and proclaimed the prophet as his leader. He said, `The prophet of Allah was right. I took the goblet.'” (Ibn Abbas considers that the two witnesses who are not Muslims must swear their oath after the service of the members of their own sect. For it would be meaningless to make them swear after the afternoon prayer, for they pay heed neither to the noon prayer nor to the afternoon prayer and do not believe in them anyway.). Allah Almighty specifies that one should swear in His name in order to honour and glorify Him.

Allah Almighty says: “O believers, when you feel death approaching and you would like to make your last will and testament, if you are travelling and your fate takes you by surprise, call upon two reliable witnesses of your sect or any other sect. Call them to you after prayers. If you have any doubts about them, make them swear this oath: `We will not sell our evidence at any price, even if some person closest to us should be affected. We will not hide any particle of the truth, otherwise we ourselves will be sinners.'”

{فَإِنْ عُثِرَ عَلَىٰ أَنَّهُمَا ٱسْتَحَقَّآ إِثْماً فَآخَرَانِ يَقُومَانِ مَقَامَهُمَا مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱسْتَحَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلأَوْلَيَانِ فَيُقْسِمَانِ بِٱللَّهِ لَشَهَادَتُنَا أَحَقُّ مِن شَهَادَتِهِمَا وَمَا ٱعْتَدَيْنَآ إِنَّا إِذاً لَّمِنَ ٱلظَّالِمِينَ}

{فَآخَرَانِ} {ٱلأَوْلَيَانِ} {لَشَهَادَتُنَا} {شَهَادَتِهِمَا} {ٱلظَّالِمِينَ}

(107) – فَإِذَا ظَهَرَ أنَّ الشَّاهِدَينِ قَدْ خَانَا الأمَانَةَ، أوْ غَلاَّ شَيْئاً مِنَ المَالِ المُوصَى بِهِ إلَيْهِمَا، فَلْيَقُمِ اثْنَانِ مِنَ الوَرَثَةِ المُسْتَحِقِّينَ لِلتَّركَةِ، وَلْيَكُونَا مِنْ أوْلَى مَنْ يَرِثُ ذَلِكَ المَالَ، فَيُقْسِمَانِ بِاللهِ لَشَهَادَتُنَا أَحَقُّ بِالقَبُولِ وَالتَّصْدِيقِ مِنْ شَهَادَةِ الشَّاهِدَيْنِ الآخَرَيْنِ، وَإنَّ قَوْلَنَا إنَّهُمَا خَانَا أحَقُّ بِالقُبُولِ، وَأصَحُّ مِنْ شَهَادَتِهِمَا المُتَقَدِّمَةِ، وَمَا اعْتَدَيْنَا فِيمَا قُلْنَا فِيهِمَا مِنَ الخِيَانَةِ، وَإنْ كُنَّا كَذَبْنَا عَلَيْهِما وَافْتَرَيْنَا إذَاً لَمِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ.

عُثِرَ – وُجِدَ.

أنَّهُمَا اسْتَحَقَّا إثْماً – تَعْبِيرٌ يُرَادُ بِهِ خِيَانَةُ الأَمَانَةِ وَالكَذِبُ فِي الشَّهَادَةِ.

الأوْلَيَانِ – الأقْرَبَانِ إلَى المَيِّتِ الوَارِثَانِ لَهُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 107

107. If it becomes evident that these two witnesses have violated their oath or that they have surreptitiously taken possession of the money entrusted to them, two of the heirs who have prioritary rights must take their places and swear: “By Allah, our testimony is more trustworthy and more sincere than that of the other two witnesses; we speak the truth in accusing them of having betrayed their trust, and our testimony is more truthful than theirs. We do not commit any aggression in accusing them of treachery. If we have lied concerning them, if we have fabricated untruths against them, we are sinners.”

{ذٰلِكَ أَدْنَىٰ أَن يَأْتُواْ بِٱلشَّهَادَةِ عَلَىٰ وَجْهِهَآ أَوْ يَخَافُوۤاْ أَن تُرَدَّ أَيْمَانٌ بَعْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ وَٱتَّقُوا ٱللَّهَ وَٱسْمَعُواْ وَٱللَّهُ لاَ يَهْدِي ٱلْقَوْمَ ٱلْفَاسِقِينَ}

{الشهادة} {أَيْمَانٌ} {أَيْمَانِهِمْ} {ٱلْفَاسِقِينَ}

(108) – وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ إنَّ رَجُلاً تُوُفِّي وَأوْصَى بِتَرْكَتِهِ إلَى ذِمِّيَّيْنِ مِنْ أهْلِ الكِتَابِ، وَلَمَّا سَلَّمَا المَالَ إلَى أهْلِ المَيِّتِ أنْكَرَ أهْلُ المَيِّتِ، وَرَفَعُوا أمْرَهُمْ إلى أَبِي مُوسَى الأشْعَريِّ، فَأرَاد أبُو مُوسَى أنْ يَسْتَحْلِفَهُمَا بَعْدَ صَلاةِ العَصْرِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: إنَّهُمَا لاَ يُبَالِيَانِ صَلاَةَ العَصْرِ، وَلَكِنِ اسْتَحْلِفْهُمَا بَعْدَ صَلاَتِهِمَا المُقَرَّرَةٍ فِي دِينِهِمَا.

وَيَقُولُ الإِمَامُ قَبْلَ أنْ يُحَلِّفَهُمَا: (إنْ كَتَمْتُمَا أوْ حَنَثْتُمَا فَضَحْتُكُمَا فِي قَوْمِكُمَا، وَلَمْ نُجِز| لَكُمَا شَهَادَةً، وَعَاقَبْتُكُمَا) ثُمَّ يُحَلِّفُهُمَا. فَإذَا قَالَ الإِمَامُ لَهُمَا ذَلِكَ، وَحَمَلَهُمَا عَلَى الحَلْفِ أمَامَ النَّاسِ بِالأَيْمَانِ المُغْلَّظَةِ، كَانَ ذَلِكَ أقْرَبَ السُّبُلِ إلى أنْ يُؤَدِّيا الشَّهَادَةَ عَلَى الوَجْهِ الصَّحِيحِ (أدْنَى أنْ يَأتُوا بِالشَّهَادَةِ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا).

كَمَا أنَّهُ قَدْ يَكُونُ الحَامِلَ لَهُمَا عَلَى الإِتْيَانِ بِالشَّهَادَةِ عَلَى الوَجْهِ الصَّحِيحِ، هُوَ تَعْظِيمُ الحَلْفِ بِاللهِ، وَمُرَاعَاةُ جَانِبِهِ وَإِجْلاَلُهُ، وَالخَوْفُ مِنَ الفَضِيحَةِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ، إنْ رُدَّتِ اليَمِينُ عَلَى الوَرَثَةِ، فَيَحْلِفُونَ وَيَسْتَحِقُّونَ مَا يَدَّعُونَ. (أَوْ يَخَافُوا أن| تُرَدَّ أيْمَانٌ بَعْدَ أيْمَانِهِمْ).

ثُمَّ يَأمُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى المُؤْمِنِينَ بِتَقْوَاهُ فِي جَمِيعِ أمُورِهِمْ، وَيَأمُرُهُمْ بِالسَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ، وَبِأنْ لاَ يَحْلِفُوا أيْمَاناً كَاذِبَةً.

وَيَقُولُ تَعَالَى:إنَّهُ لاَ يَهْدِي القَوْمَ الفَاسِقِينَ الخَارِجِينَ عَنْ طَاعَتِهِ.

أدْنَى أنْ يَأتُوا بِالشَّهَادَةِ عَلَى وَجْهِها – أقْرَبُ إلَى قَوْلِ الحَقِّ وَالصِّدْقِ فِي الشَّهَادَةِ.

الفَاسِقِينَ – الخَارِجِينَ عَنِ الطًّاعَةِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 108

108. Ibn Abbas says that a man died and bequeathed his property to two strangers (people of the Book) living in the land of Islam. When they delivered money to the relatives of the deceased, they refused to accept it, and appealed to Abi Moussa a-Ach’ariy. He wanted to make them swear their oath after the afternoon prayer, but Ibn Abbas said to him: “The prayer means nothing to them. Instead, make them swear the oath after the prayer ordained by their own sect”. Before instructing them to swear the oath, the judge must say: “If you conceal the truth or if you perjure yourselves, I will unmask you in front of your own people, your testimony will no longer be accepted, and I will punish you.” Then he must make them swear the oath. Saying that to them and making them swear in public will be the best way of obtaining accurate testimony (Such will be the best way to ensure that their testimony is truthful). The fact of swearing by Allah whom they fear and glorify, or the fear of covering themselves with dishonour if appeal is made to oaths from the heirs after theirs, and if these heirs swear and obtain their rights, might impel them to give truthful evidence (for fear that appeal might be made to oaths other than theirs). Allah Almighty then orders believers to fear Him in all their doings, to listen and to obey and not to swear falsely. He says that He does not guide the perverted to the path of salvation.

{يَوْمَ يَجْمَعُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلرُّسُلَ فَيَقُولُ مَاذَآ أُجِبْتُمْ قَالُواْ لاَ عِلْمَ لَنَآ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ عَلاَّمُ ٱلْغُيُوبِ}

{عَلاَّمُ}

(109) – يُخْبِرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى أنَّهُ سَيَسْألُ Mُرْسَلِينَ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ عَمَّا أجَابَتْهُمْ بِهِ الأمَمُ التِي أرْسَلَهُمُ اللهُ إِلَيْهَا فَيَقُولُونَ: لاَ عِلْمَ لَنَا يَارَبَّنا بِالنِّسْبَةِ إلى عِلْمِكَ المُحِيطِ بِكُلِّ شَيءٍ، وَأنْتَ تَعْلَمُ ظَاهِرَ النَّاسِ وَبَاطِنَهُمْ، وَأنْتَ عَلاَّمُ الغُيُوبِ.

الغَيْبُ – مَا غَابَ عَنِ الحِسِّ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 109

109. Allah says that He will gather together on the Day of Resurrection all His prophets, to question them about the response they received from the nations He sent them to. They will answer: “Lord, in comparison with your knowledge which covers everything, we know nothing. You know what humans reveal and what they conceal. You alone know all secrets.”

{إِذْ قَالَ ٱللَّهَ يٰعِيسَى ٱبْنَ مَرْيَمَ ٱذْكُرْ نِعْمَتِي عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَىٰ وَالِدَتِكَ إِذْ أَيَّدتُّكَ بِرُوحِ ٱلْقُدُسِ تُكَلِّمُ ٱلنَّاسَ فِي ٱلْمَهْدِ وَكَهْلاً وَإِذْ عَلَّمْتُكَ ٱلْكِتَابَ وَٱلْحِكْمَةَ وَٱالتَّوْرَاةَ وَٱلإِنْجِيلَ وَإِذْ تَخْلُقُ مِنَ ٱلطِّينِ كَهَيْئَةِ ٱلطَّيْرِ بِإِذْنِي فَتَنفُخُ فِيهَا فَتَكُونُ طَيْراً بِإِذْنِي وَتُبْرِىءُ ٱلأَكْمَهَ وَٱلأَبْرَصَ بِإِذْنِي وَإِذْ تُخْرِجُ ٱلْمَوتَىٰ بِإِذْنِيِ وَإِذْ كَفَفْتُ بَنِيۤ إِسْرَائِيلَ عَنكَ إِذْ جِئْتَهُمْ بِٱلْبَيِّنَاتِ فَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْهُمْ إِنْ هَـٰذَا إِلاَّ سِحْرٌ مُّبِينٌ}

{يٰعِيسَى} {والدتك} {الكتاب} {والتوراه} {إسرائيل} {بالبينات}

(110) – وَفِي ذَلِكَ المَوْقِفِ يُنَادِي اللهُ تَعَالَى عِيسَى بْنَ مَرْيَمَ، مِنْ بَيْنِ الرُّسُلِ، فَيُذَكِّرُهُ تَعَالَى بِمَا مَنَّ بِهِ عَلَيهِ، مِمَّا أجْرَاهُ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ مِنَ المُعْجِزَاتِ، وَيَقُولُ لَهُ: اذْكُرْ نِعْمَتِي عَلَيْكَ بِخَلْقِي إيَّاكَ مِنْ أمٍّ بِدُونِ أبٍ، وَجَعْلِي إيَّاكَ آيةً وَبُرْهَاناً عَلَى كَمَالِ قُدْرَتِي عَلَى خَلْقِ الأَشْيَاءِ. وَاذْكُرْ نِعْمَتِي عَلَى وَالِدَتِكَ، إذْ جَعَلْتُكَ لَهَا بُرْهَاناً عَلَى بَرَاءَتِهَا مِمَّا نَسَبَهُ الظَّالِمُونَ الجَاهِلُونَ إلَيها مِنَ الفَاحِشَةِ، إذْ أيَّدْتُكَ بِجِبْرِيلَ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ، (رُوحِ القُدُسِ)، وَجَعَلْتُكَ نَبِيّاً دَاعِياً إلَى اللهِ فِي صِغَرِكَ وَفِي كِبَرِكَ، فَأنْطَقْتُكَ وَأنْتَ فِي المَهْدِ صَغِيرٌ، فَشَهِدْتَ بِبَراءَةِ أمِّكَ مِنْ كُلِّ عَيْبٍ، وَاعْتَرَفْتَ بِالعُبُودِيَّةِ لِي، وَأَخْبَرْتَ عَنْ رِسَالَتِي إليكَ، وَدَعَوْتَ إلى عِبَادَتِي، وَإذْ عَلَّمْتُكَ الكِتَابَةَ، وَالعِلْمَ النَّافِعَ، وَالتَّوْرَاةَ المُنَزَّلَةَ عَلَى مُوسَى، وَأَنْزَلْتُ عَلَيكَ الإِنْجِيلَ، وَإِذْ تُصَوِّرُ كَهَيْئَةِ الطَّيْرِ مِنَ الطِّينِ فَتَنْفُخُ فِيهِ فَيَكُونُ طَيْراً ذَا رُوحٍ بِإذْنِي، وَتَشْفِي بِإذْنِي الأكَمَه (وَهُوَ الأعْمَى مُنْذُ الوِلاَدَةِ) وَالأبْرَصَ (وَهُوَ المُصَابُ بِدَاءِ البَرَصِ غَيْرِ القَابِلِ لِلشِّفَاءِ)، وَإِذْ تَدْعُو المَوْتَى فَيَقُومُونَ مِنْ قُبُورِهِمْ بِإذْنِي وَقُدْرَتِي.

وَاذْكُرْ نِعْمَتِي عَلَيْكَ إذْ كَفَفْتُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ عَنْكَ حِينَمَا جِئْتَهُمْ بِالبَرَاهِينِ وَالحِجَجِ الفَاصِلَةِ، عَلَى نُبُوَّتِكَ وَرِسَالَتِكَ مِنَ اللهِ، فَكَذَّبُوكَ وَاتَّهَمُوكَ بِأنَّكَ سَاحِرٌ، وَسَعَوْا فِي قَتْلِكَ وَصَلْبِكَ، فَنَجَّيْتُكَ مِنْهُمْ، وَرَفَعْتُكَ إليَّ، وَطَهَّرْتُكَ مِنْ دَنَسِهِمْ، وَكَفْيتُكَ شَرَّهُمْ.

السِّحْرُ – تَمْويهٌ وَتَخْيِيلٌ يَرَى فِيهِ الإِنْسَانُ الشَّيءَ عَلَى غَيْرِ حَقِيقَتِهِ.
الأَكْمَهَ – الأعْمَى مُنْذُ خِلْقَتِهِ.
كَفَفْتُ – مَنَعْتُ مِنَ الوُصُولِ إلَيكَ – وَمِنْهُ كَفَّ الثَّوْبَ ثَنَاهُ.
رُوحُ القُدُسِ – جِبْرِيلُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 110

110. Among His prophets, Allah will then call upon Jesus son of Mary, and will remind him of the graces He showered upon him, meaning the miracles He permitted him to perform. He will say to him: “Remember the graces I lavished upon you by creating you from a mother without a father and in making of you a sign and a proof of my creative omnipotence. Remember my benevolence towards your mother when I made you the proof of her innocence of the wrongdoing and improprieties that the wicked and ignorant accused her of committing. I comforted you through Gabriel (the spirit of holiness), and made you a prophet who called on Allah from an early age, and in adulthood. I made you speak from the cradle on, and you testified to the innocence of your mother and her purity from every fault; you acknowledged that you were my servant, and you transmitted the message I had entrusted to you, and you called upon the people to worship me. I taught you the scriptures, much useful knowledge, and the Pentateuch as it was revealed to Moses, and I revealed the Gospel to you. I conferred on you the gift of using clay to create the forms of birds, and then breathing on them and transforming them into real birds, with my permission. I gave you the gift of curing, only with my permission, those blind from birth, and lepers (people with leprosy, an incurable disease), and summoning the dead, who were raised from their graves, with my permission and solely through my power.

“Remember the favours I accorded you in defending you against the children of Israel when you had brought them proofs and irrefutable arguments concerning your prophecy, showing that you were indeed a carrier of the divine message. They denied you, treated you as a sorcerer, and sought to kill and crucify you. I saved you from them, purified you of their stains, and saved you from their malice.”

{وإِذْ أَوْحَيْتُ إِلَى ٱلْحَوَارِيِّينَ أَنْ آمِنُواْ بِي وَبِرَسُولِي قَالُوۤاْ آمَنَّا وَٱشْهَدْ بِأَنَّنَا مُسْلِمُونَ}

{ٱلْحَوَارِيِّينَ} {آمِنُواْ} {آمَنَّا}

(111) – وَاذْكُرْ يَا عِيسَى بْنَ مَرْيَمَ نِعْمَتِي عَلَيْكَ حِينَ أَلْهَمْتُ الحَوَارِيِّينَ الإِيمَانَ بِرَبِّهِمْ، وَالتَّصْدِيقَ بِأنَّكَ رَسُولُهُ، حِينَما كَذَّبَكَ جُمْهُورُ بَنِي إسْرَائِيلَ، وَجَعَلْتُ الحَوَارِيِّينَ أنْصَاراً لَكَ يُؤَيِّدُونَكَ، وَيُؤَيِّدُونَ دَعْوَتَكَ، وَيَنْشُرُونَ شَريَعَتَكَ، فَقَالُوا: آمَنَّا بِاللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ عِيسَى، وَأشْهَدُوا اللهَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ أَنَّهُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ، مُخْلِصُونَ فِي إِيمَانِهِمْ، مُذْعِنُونَ لأَوَامِرِهِ، تَارِكُونَ لِنَواهِيهِ.

الحَوَارِيُّونَ – الأَنْصَارُ وَأُطْلِقَ اللَّفْظُ عَلَى أَنْصَارِ Mَسِيحِ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 111

111. “Remember, Jesus son of Mary, My favours towards you when I inspired the apostles to believe in their Lord and in you as His messenger, at a time when the rest of the children of Israel denied you. I made the apostles your allies, who supported you, strengthened your call, and spread your teachings. They said: `We believe in Allah and in His messenger Jesus.’ They took Allah to witness that they had submitted (were Muslims) and were sincere in their faith, surrendering to His orders and not committing any acts that He had forbidden.”

{إِذْ قَالَ ٱلْحَوَارِيُّونَ يٰعِيسَى ٱبْنَ مَرْيَمَ هَلْ يَسْتَطِيعُ رَبُّكَ أَن يُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْنَا مَآئِدَةً مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ قَالَ ٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ إِن كُنْتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ}

{يٰعِيسَى} {مَآئِدَةً}

(112) – وَمِمّا امْتَنَّ اللهُ تَعَالَى بِهِ عَلَى عَبْدِهِ عِيسَى بْنِ مَرْيَمَ اسْتِجَابَتُهُ لِدَعْوَتِهِ فِي إِنْزَالِ مَائِدَةٍ عَلَيْهِم مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، فَقَدْ سَأَلَ الحَوَارِيُّونَ عِيسَى قَائِلِينَ: هَلْ يَسْتَجِيبُ لَكَ رَبُّكَ إِنْ سَأَلْتَهُ أَنْ يُنَزِلَ عَلَيْنَا مَائِدَةً مِنَ السَّمَاءِ (هَلْ يَسْتَطِيعُ رَبُّكَ) فَقَالَ لَهُمْ عِيسَى: اتَّقُوا اللهَ أنْ تَقْتَرِحُوا عَليهِ أَمْثَالَ هَذِهِ الاقْتِرَاحَاتِ، التِي كَانَ بَنُو إِسْرائيلَ يَقْتَرِحُونَهَا عَلَى مُوسَى لِلْتَّعْجِيزِ، لِئَلاَّ تَكُونَ فِتْنَةً لَكُمْ، فَمِنْ شَأْنِ المُؤْمِنِ الصَّادِقِ ألاَّ يُجَرِّبَ رَبَّهُ، بِاقْتِرَاحِ الآيَاتِ، وَتَوَكَّلُوا عَلَى اللهِ فِي طَلَبِ الرِّزْقِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنينَ صَادِقِينَ فِي إِيمَانِكُمْ بِاللهِ.

المَائِدَةُ – الخِوَانُ عَلَيْهِ طَعَامٌ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 112

112. Among the favours that Allah Almighty accorded to His servant Jesus son of Mary was when He responded to his appeal to make a table descend from heaven. The apostles asked Jesus: “Will your Lord accede to your request if you ask Him to send down from heaven a table spread with a banquet (‘Can your Lord make a table descend…’)?” Jesus answered them: “Fear Allah and do not make requests of Him such as those which the children of Israel required of Moses in order to render him powerless. Otherwise it will be an ordeal for you. It is not fitting for sincere believers to put their Lord to the test by asking Him to reveal His signs. Trust in Him when you seek your daily bread, if you are sincere in your faith in Allah.”

{قَالُواْ نُرِيدُ أَن نَّأْكلَ مِنْهَا وَتَطْمَئِنَّ قُلُوبُنَا وَنَعْلَمَ أَن قَدْ صَدَقْتَنَا وَنَكُونَ عَلَيْهَا مِنَ ٱلشَّاهِدِينَ}

{تَطْمَئِنَّ} {ٱلشَّاهِدِينَ}

(113) – فَقَالَ الحَوَارِيُّونَ لِعِيسَى: إِنَّنَا جَائِعُونَ وَمُحْتَاجُونَ لِلأَكْلِ مِنْهَا، ثُمَّ إِنَّنَا إِذَا شَاهَدْنَاهَا وَهِيَ تَنْزِلُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، تَطْمَئِنُّ قُلُوبُنَا، وَنَزْدَادُ بِكَ إِيمَاناً، وَعِلْماً بِصِدْقِ رِسَالَتِكَ، وَنَشْهَدُ عَلَيْهَا عِنْدَ بَنِي إِسْرائيلَ الذِينَ لَمْ يَحْضُرُوهَا.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 113

113. The apostles then said to Jesus: “We are hungry and we need to eat at this table. Also, if we see it descend from Heaven, our hearts will be satisfied and our faith in you and in the truth of your message will be confirmed, and we will testify to the event to the children of Israel who have not witnessed it.”

{قالَ عِيسَى ٱبْنُ مَرْيَمَ ٱللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَآ أَنزِلْ عَلَيْنَا مَآئِدَةً مِّنَ ٱالسَّمَآءِ تَكُونُ لَنَا عِيداً لأَوَّلِنَا وَآخِرِنَا وَآيَةً مِّنْكَ وَٱرْزُقْنَا وَأَنتَ خَيْرُ ٱلرَّازِقِينَ}

{مَآئِدَةً} {آخِرِنَا} {وَآيَةً} {ٱلرَّازِقِينَ}

(114) – وَلَمَّا عَلِمَ عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ صِدْقَ نِيَّتِهِمْ، وَأَنَّهُمْ لاَ يُرِيدُونَ تَعْجِيزَهُ، وَلا اقْتراحَ الآيَاتِ عَلَيْهِ، دَعَا اللهُ تَعَالَى بِهَذَا الدُّعَاءِ الكَرِيمِ: فَقَالَ: يَا أللهُ، يَا مَالِكَ أَمْرِنَا وَمُتَوَلِّي تَرْبِيَتِنَا، أَنْزِلْ عَلَيْنَا مَائِدَةً مِنَ السَّمَاءِ يَرَاهَا هَؤُلاَءِ المُقْتَرِحُونَ بِأَبْصَارِهِمْ، وَتَتَغَذَّى بَهَا أبْدَانُهُمْ، وَتَكُونُ عِيداً خَاصّاً بنَا، مَعْشَرَ المُؤْمِنينَ، نُعَظِّمُهُ نَحْنُ وَمَنْ يَأْتِي بَعْدَنا، وَاجْعَلْهَا عَلاَمَةً مِنْ لَدُنْكَ تُرْشِدْ بِهَا القَوْمَ إلى صِحَّةِ دَعْوَتي، وَصِدْقِ نُبُوَّتِي، وَارْزُقْنَا رِزْقاً هَنِيئاً بِلاَ كُلْفَةٍ، وَلاَ تَعَبٍ، وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ مَنْ رَزَقَ.

عِيداً – فَرَحاً وَسُرُوراً أَوَ يَوْماً نُعَظِّمُهُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 114

114. When Jesus (peace be upon him) was sure that their intentions were good and that they were not seeking to reduce him to powerlessness or force him to provide proofs, he implored his Lord with these words: “O Allah, our Master and teacher, cause a table to descend to us from heaven so that these who request it can observe it with their own eyes, so that their bodies can be nourished and also that it may be an occasion of celebration for us, the faithful; we will make a ritual of it, we ourselves and those who come after us. Make it a sign on your part, through which you direct mankind and prove to them the truth of my message and the true foundation of my prophecy. Accord us your generous favours and protect us from suffering and weariness. You are the best of providers.”

{قَالَ ٱللَّهُ إِنِّي مُنَزِّلُهَا عَلَيْكُمْ فَمَن يَكْفُرْ بَعْدُ مِنكُمْ فَإِنِّيۤ أُعَذِّبُهُ عَذَاباً لاَّ أُعَذِّبُهُ أَحَداً مِّنَ ٱلْعَالَمِينَ}

{ٱلْعَالَمِينَ}

(115) – فَقَالَ اللهُ لِعِيسى: إنَّهُ اسْتَجَابَ لِدُعَائِهِ، وَإنَّهُ سَيُنْزِلُ المَائِدَةَ التِي سَأَلَها، وَلَكِنَّهُ نَبَّهَهُ إلى أنَّهُ سَيُعَاقِبُ مَنْ يَكْفُرُ بَعْدَ إنزَالِ هَذِهِ الآيَةِ الكُبْرَى (المَائِدَةِ) عَذاباً لا يُعَذِّبُهُ أحَداً مِنَ العَالَمِينَ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 115

115. Allah says to Jesus (peace be upon him) that He will satisfy his wish and send down the table as he requests. He warns him, however, that He will inflict a most horrible punishment on any people who subsequently deny what they have seen and disbelieve in this magnificent sign that He has shown them, and will inflict on them a torture never before inflicted on any other being.

{وَإِذْ قَالَ ٱللَّهُ يٰعِيسَى ٱبْنَ مَرْيَمَ أَأَنتَ قُلتَ لِلنَّاسِ ٱتَّخِذُونِي وَأُمِّيَ إِلَـٰهَيْنِ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ قَالَ سُبْحَانَكَ مَا يَكُونُ لِيۤ أَنْ أَقُولَ مَا لَيْسَ لِي بِحَقٍّ إِن كُنتُ قُلْتُهُ فَقَدْ عَلِمْتَهُ تَعْلَمُ مَا فِي نَفْسِي وَلاَ أَعْلَمُ مَا فِي نَفْسِكَ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ عَلاَّمُ ٱلْغُيُوبِ}

{يٰعِيسَى} {أأنت} {سبحانك} {علام}

(116) – وَاذْكُرْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ لِلنَّاسِ مَا يَقُولُهُ رَبُّكَ لِعِيسَى بْنِ مَرْيَمَ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ، يَوْمَ يَجْمَعُ الرُّسُلَ، فَيَسْأَلُهُمْ عَمَّا أَجَابَتْهُمْ بِهِ أمَمُهُمْ، ثُمَّ يُذكِّر عِيسَى بِأفْضَالِهِ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى وَالِدَتِهِ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ لَهُ بِحُضُورِ مَن اتَّخَذُوهُ وَأمَّهُ إِلهَيْنِ مِنْ دُونِ اللهِ: هَلْ أنْتَ قُلْتَ لِلنَّاسِ اتَّخِذُونِي وَأمِّي إلهِيْنِ مِنْ دُونِ اللهِ؟ – أيْ مُتَجَاوِزَيْنِ بِذَلِكَ تَوْحِيدَ اللهِ وَإفْرَادَهُ بِالعُبُودِيَّةِ؟ فَيُنْكِرُ عِيسَى أنْ يَكُونَ قَالَ ذَلِكَ، وَيَقُولُ للهِ تَعَالَى: سُبْحَانَكَ! وَتَنَزَّهَ اسْمُكَ، لَيْسَ لِي أنْ أقُولَ مَا لَيْسَ لِي حَقٌّ بِقَوْلِهِ، فَإِذَا كُنْتُ قُلْتُهُ فَقَدْ عَلِمْتَهُ أنْتَ، لأنَّكَ عَلاَّمُ الغُيُوبِ، وَتَعْلَمُ مَا تُخْفِي العِبَادُ وَمَا تُعْلِنُ، وَأنْتَ تَعْلَمُ مَا فِي نَفْسِي، لأنَّكَ رَبِّي وَخَالِقِي، وَأنَا عَبْدُكَ لاَ أَعْرِفُ مَا فِي نَفْسِكَ.

سُبْحَانَكَ – تَنْزِيهاً لَكَ مِنْ أنْ أقُولَ ذَلِكَ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 116

116. O Mohammad, repeat to men what Allah Almighty will say to Jesus son of Mary on the Day of Resurrection, that day on which He will assemble His prophets and ask them what response they received from their nations, and when He will remind Jesus (peace be upon him) of His favours towards him and his mother. In the presence of those who have taken Jesus and his mother as Allahs in place of Allah, He will say to him: “Did you say to men, ‘Take us, my mother and me, as Allahs in the place of Allah’? Did you thus incite them to abandon monotheism?” Jesus will deny having made such statements and will say to Allah Almighty: “Glory be to you! and to your transcendence! How could I have said that which I had no right to say? If I had said it, you would have known. For you know all secrets, and you know what human beings conceal as well as what they reveal. You know what is in me, for you are my Allah and my Creator, whereas I am but your servant and do not know what is in you.

{مَا قُلْتُ لَهُمْ إِلاَّ مَآ أَمَرْتَنِي بِهِ أَنِ ٱعْبُدُواْ ٱللَّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ وَكُنتُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيداً مَّا دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ فَلَمَّا تَوَفَّيْتَنِي كُنتَ أَنتَ الرَّقِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَنتَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ}

(117) – إِنَّنِي لَمْ أَقُلْ لَهُمْ فِي أمْرِ الإِيْمَانِ، وَأَسَاسِ الدِّينِ إلا الذِي أرْسَلْتَنِي بِهِ، وَأمَرْتَنِي بِإِبْلاَغِهِ، وَهُوَ أنِ اعْبُدُوا اللهَ رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ، وَكُنْتُ شَهِيداً عَلَى أعْمَالِهِمْ حِينَ كُنْتُ حَيّاً بَيْنَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا تَوَفَّيْتَنِي كُنْتَ أنْتَ الشَّاهِدَ الرقِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَأَنْتَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيءٍ شَهِيدٌ.

تَوَفَّيْتَنِي – أَخَذْتَنِي إلَيْكَ وَافِياً.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 117

117. “Regarding the faith and its fundamental principles, I have told them only what you ordered me to transmit: that is, worship Allah, your Lord and mine. I served them as a witness while I remained amongst them. When you called me to yourself, it was you who cared for them and acted as their witness. You are the witness of all things.”

{إِن تُعَذِّبْهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ عِبَادُكَ وَإِن تَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ فَإِنَّكَ أَنتَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ}

(118) – يَرُدُّ عِيسَى، عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ، الأمْرَ وَالمَشِيئَةَ إلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى، فَهُوَ الفَعَّالُ لِمَا يُريدُ، لاَ يُسْألُ عَمَّا يَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْأَلُونَ. وَيَقُولُ: إِنَّ أَمْرَ العِبَادِ مَوْكُولٌ إلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى، فَإِنْ عَذَّبَهُمْ فَبِذُنُوبِهِمْ، فَهُوَ رَبُّهُمْ وَهُمْ عِبَادُهُ، وَإِنْ يَغْفِر| لَهُمْ فَإنَّهُ تَعَالَى الغَفَّارُ الحَكِيمُ فِي شَرْعِهِ وَتَدْبِيرِهِ وَحُكْمِهِ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 118

118. Jesus (peace be upon him) places everything in Allah’s hands and in His will: for He does whatsoever He wishes, and is accountable to nobody, whereas everybody is accountable to Him. Jesus says that the fate of all human beings is in the hands of Allah. If He punishes them, that is because they have sinned. He is their Allah and they are His servants. If He pardons them, that is because He is merciful and wise, and His wisdom shows itself in His law, His actions, and His judgement.

{قَالَ ٱللَّهُ هَـٰذَا يَوْمُ يَنفَعُ ٱلصَّادِقِينَ صِدْقُهُمْ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٌ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَداً رَّضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُواْ عَنْهُ ذٰلِكَ ٱلْفَوْزُ ٱلْعَظِيمُ}

{ٱلصَّادِقِينَ} {جَنَّاتٍ} {ٱلأَنْهَارُ} {خَالِدِينَ}

(119) – وَحِينَ تَبَرَّأ عِيسَى، عَلَيهِ السَّلاَمُ، مِنْ عِباَدَةِ مَنْ عَبَدُوهُ، وَاللهُ تَعَالَى أعْلَمُ بِصِدْقِهِ، قَالَ تَعَالَى: هَذَا هُوَ اليَوْمُ الذِي يَنْفَعُ فِيهِ الصَّادِقِينَ صِدْقُهُمْ، وَالمُوَحِّدِينَ تَوْحِيدُهُمْ، وَسَتَكُونُ للصَّادِقِينَ جَنَّاتٌ تَجْرِي الأنْهَارُ فِي جَنَبَاتها، جَزَاءً وفَاقاً لَهُمْ، وَسَيَكُونُونَ فِيهَا خَالِدِينَ أبَداً، وَلَقَدْ فَازُوا بِرِضَا رَبِّهِمْ وَرِضْوَانِهِ، وَرَضُوْا عَمَّا أكْرَمَهُمْ بِهِ رَبُّهُمْ، وَأنْعَمَ بِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَهَذَا هُوَ الفَوْزُ العَظِيمُ الذِي لاَ أعْظَمَ مِنْهُ.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 119

119. When Jesus (peace be upon him) declares himself innocent of the cult of those who have worshipped him (and Allah knows full well that he is telling the truth), Allah Almighty says: “This is the day when sincere believers will reap the fruits of their sincerity, and the monotheists the fruit of their monotheism. The sincere believers will have as a reward gardens through which flow clear streams. They will live there eternally. They will thus have won the satisfaction and the paradise of Allah. They will rejoice in the favours that Allah will grant them. Such is the sublime triumph; no other can equal it.”

{للَّهِ مُلْكُ ٱالسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلأَرْضِ وَمَا فِيهِنَّ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ}

{ٱالسَّمَاوَاتِ}

(120) – اللهُ خَالِقُ كُلَّ شَيءٍ، وَهُوَ المَالِكِ المُتَصَرِّفُ بِجَمِيعِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُنَّ، وَالقَادِرُ عَلَيْهِ، وَالجَمِيعُ مُلْكُهُ وَتَحْتَ قَهْرِهِ، وَالمَسِيحُ وَأمُّهُ اللَّذَانِ عَبَدَهُمَا الكَافِرُونَ، مِنْ دُونِ اللهِ، دَاخِلاَنِ تَحْتَ قَبْضَتِهِ، فَلاَ يَنْبَغِي لأحَدٍ أنْ يَتَّكِلَ عَلَى شَفَاعَتِهِما فِيهِ عِنْدَ اللهِ تَعَالَى.

Surah Al Maidah: Verse 120

120. Allah is the Creator of everything. He is the sole master of the heavens and of the earth and what lies between them. He is all powerful, and everything depends upon Him and His will. Jesus and his mother who were worshipped by the unbelievers in the place of Allah are also subject to His power. Nobody therefore should count on them to intercede with Allah on their behalf.

Source: This series of Tafsir books has been made available online by the family of Dr. Assaad Homad (may Allah have mercy on him). These volumes were entirely digitized to provide an accessible and easy format for today’s digital age. Please keep Dr. Assaad and his family in your sincere prayers.

تم إتاحة هذه السلسلة من كتب التفسير عبر الإنترنت من قبل عائلة الدكتور أسعد حومد (رحمه الله). لقد قمنا برقمنة هذه المجلدات بالكامل لتوفير تنسيق يسهل الوصول إليه واستخدامه في عصرنا الرقمي الحالي. نرجو منكم ألا تنسوا الدكتور أسعد وعائلته من صالح دعائكم.