To Whom Was the Zabur (Psalms) Sent?
على من أُنزل الزبور؟
The Zabur was sent to Prophet Dawud (David), peace be upon him. "Indeed, We have sent revelation to you ˹O Prophet˺ as We sent revelation to Noah and the prophets after him. We also sent revelation to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and his descendants, ˹as well as˺ Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon. And to David We gave the Psalms" (Surah An-Nisa 4:163). "Your Lord knows best all those in the heavens and the earth. And We have surely favoured some prophets above others, and to David We gave the Psalms" (Surah Al-Isra 17:55).
أُنزل الزبور على النبي داود عليه السلام، قال الله تعالى: إِنَّا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ كَمَا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِن بَعْدِهِ ۚ وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطِ وَعِيسَىٰ وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُونُسَ وَهَارُونَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ ۚ وَآتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ زَبُورًا (النساء: 163)، وقال تعالى: وَرَبُّكَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَن فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۗ وَلَقَدْ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَ النَّبِيِّينَ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۖ وَآتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ زَبُورًا (الإسراء: 55).
1. Named Twice, in Two Different Surahs | ذُكر في موضعين من القرآن
The Quran confirms that Dawud received the Zabur in two separate places: Surah An-Nisa 4:163, within a list of Prophets who received revelation, and Surah Al-Isra 17:55, which adds, "And We have surely favoured some prophets above others." Being named twice, in two different contexts, reinforces how firmly established this fact is within the Quran's own text.
وَآتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ زَبُورًا (سورة النساء: 163)، وَآتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ زَبُورًا (سورة الإسراء: 55)
أخبر القرآن الكريم في موضعين أن داود عليه السلام أوتي الزبور: ضمن ذكر الأنبياء الذين أوحى الله إليهم (النساء 4: 163)، وبعد قوله تعالى: (وَلَقَدْ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَ النَّبِيِّينَ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ) (الإسراء 17: 55). وفي ذكر ذلك مرتين، في سياقين مختلفين، توكيدٌ لهذا الخبر في نص القرآن نفسه.
2. One Scripture Among Several | أحد الكتب المنزلة
The Zabur is one of four major scriptures Muslims believe Allah revealed to His Prophets, alongside the Tawrat (Torah) given to Musa (peace be upon him), the Injil (Gospel) given to Isa (peace be upon him), and the Quran given to Muhammad ﷺ. Surah An-Nisa 4:163 places Dawud's revelation within this same list of Prophets who received divine communication, from Nuh (peace be upon him) onward. All the scriptures named in the Quran are listed in which divine books are named in the Quran.
والزبور أحد الكتب الأربعة الكبرى التي يؤمن المسلمون بأن الله أنزلها على أنبيائه، مع التوراة التي أُنزلت على موسى عليه السلام، والإنجيل الذي أُنزل على عيسى عليه السلام، والقرآن الذي أُنزل على محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم. وقد ذُكر وحي داود في سورة النساء في سياق واحد مع الأنبياء الذين أُوحي إليهم، بدءًا بنوح عليه السلام ومن جاء بعده. وقد ذكرنا الكتب السماوية التي سمّاها القرآن في جواب مستقل.
3. Prophets Preferred in Different Ways | تفاضل الأنبياء
Surah Al-Isra 17:55 states, "We have surely favoured some prophets above others," immediately before mentioning Dawud's Zabur. Al-Sa'di explains that this preference lies in the virtues Allah gave them: praiseworthy character, righteous deeds, many followers, and revealed books, as He gave Dawud the Zabur. Ibn Kathir adds that there is no disagreement that the Messengers are above the other Prophets, that the five of firm resolve are the highest of them, and that Muhammad ﷺ is the best of them, then Ibrahim (peace be upon him), then Musa on the well-known view; the hadith "Do not prefer some of Allah's Prophets over others" (Sahih al-Bukhari 3414, Sahih Muslim 2373) forbids preference out of whim and partisanship, not preference shown by evidence. The blessings Allah gave Dawud and Sulaiman are covered separately, Musa being spoken to directly in Which Prophet Asked His Lord to See Him?, and the two ranks of Prophet and Messenger in What Is the Difference Between a Prophet (Nabi) and a Messenger (Rasul)?
وجاء قوله تعالى: (وَلَقَدْ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَ النَّبِيِّينَ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ) (الإسراء 17: 55) قبل ذكر زبور داود مباشرة. وبيّن السعدي أن هذا التفضيل بالفضائل التي منّ الله بها عليهم من الأوصاف الممدوحة والأخلاق المرضية والأعمال الصالحة وكثرة الأتباع ونزول الكتب، كما أنزل على داود الزبور. وذكر ابن كثير أنه لا خلاف أن الرسل أفضل من بقية الأنبياء، وأن أولي العزم الخمسة منهم أفضلهم، وأن محمدًا صلى الله عليه وسلم أفضلهم ثم إبراهيم ثم موسى على المشهور، وأن حديث "لا تفضلوا بين أنبياء الله" (صحيح البخاري 3414، صحيح مسلم 2373) يُراد به النهي عن التفضيل بمجرد التشهي والعصبية، لا عن التفضيل بمقتضى الدليل. وما أنعم الله به على داود وسليمان مذكور في جواب مستقل، وتكليم الله موسى في جواب: من النبي الذي طلب أن يرى ربه؟، والفرق بين النبي والرسول في جواب: ما الفرق بين النبي والرسول؟
Scholarly Insight: Al-Qurtubi explains the name of Dawud's scripture (4:163): “Zabr means writing, and Zabur means what is written.” He adds: “The root meaning of the word is securing firmly. A well is called mazburah when lined with stones, and a book is called Zabur because of the strength of its documentation.” See the divine books named in the Quran. Read the fuller context in the tafsir of Surah An-Nisa and the tafsir of Surah Al-Isra.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
To which prophet was the Zabur sent?
Prophet Dawud (David), peace be upon him, as confirmed in Surah An-Nisa 4:163 and Surah Al-Isra 17:55.
What are the four major scriptures in Islam?
The Tawrat given to Musa, the Zabur given to Dawud, the Injil given to Isa, and the Quran given to Muhammad ﷺ.
Does being given the Zabur mean Dawud ranked above other prophets?
Being given the Zabur is one of the honors Allah gave Dawud. Ibn Kathir notes that the Prophets do differ in rank: the Messengers are above the other Prophets and the five of firm resolve, Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, Isa and Muhammad ﷺ, are the highest; Dawud is not counted among those five.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →