Was Guiding the People One of the Prophet's Responsibilities?
هل كانت هداية الناس من مسؤوليات النبي؟
No, it wasn't. The Prophet's responsibility was only to deliver the Message of Allah. Guidance comes only from Allah in accordance with the worth of every person. "You surely cannot guide whoever you like, O Prophet, but it is Allah Who guides whoever He wills, and He knows best who are fit to be guided" (Surah Al-Qasas 28:56). "You are not responsible for people's guidance, O Prophet, it is Allah Who guides whoever He wills" (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:272).
لا، لم تكن كذلك. مسؤولية النبي كانت تبليغ رسالة الله فقط. أما الهداية فلا تأتي إلا من الله بحسب استحقاق كل إنسان. إِنَّكَ لَا تَهْدِي مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ وَلَـٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَن يَشَاءُ ۚ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْتَدِينَ (سورة القصص: 56). لَّيْسَ عَلَيْكَ هُدَاهُمْ وَلَـٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَن يَشَاءُ (سورة البقرة: 272).
1. A Distinction in Two Quranic Passages | تفريق في موضعين من القرآن
This principle appears in both passages discussed here, in Surah Al-Qasas 28:56 regarding the Prophet Muhammad's own uncle Abu Talib, who died without accepting Islam despite the Prophet's love for him, and in Surah Al-Baqarah 2:272 in the context of charity given to non-Muslim relatives. Both times, the Quran draws a firm line between wanting good for someone and being able to place faith in their heart. Al-Sa'di explains that the guidance no one but Allah can give is guidance of the heart, while the guidance the Quran affirms for the Prophet ﷺ, "you are truly leading ˹all˺ to the Straight Path" (42:52), is guidance of explaining and directing.
يظهر هذا المبدأ في الآيتين المذكورتين هنا: في سورة القصص 28:56 بخصوص عم النبي محمد نفسه، أبي طالب، الذي مات دون أن يعتنق الإسلام رغم محبة النبي له، وفي سورة البقرة 2:272 في سياق الصدقة المقدمة لأقارب غير مسلمين. وفي كلتا المرتين، يرسم القرآن خطا فاصلا واضحا بين إرادة الخير لشخص ما والقدرة على غرس الإيمان في قلبه. وقد بيّن السعدي أن الهداية التي لا يقدر عليها إلا الله هي هداية التوفيق وخلق الإيمان في القلب، وأما الهداية المثبتة للرسول في قوله تعالى: (وإنك لتهدي إلى صراط مستقيم) (الشورى: 52) فهي هداية البيان والإرشاد.
2. Conveying the Message, Not Compelling Belief | تبليغ الرسالة لا فرض الإيمان
A Messenger's role, as explained in What Is the Difference Between a Prophet (Nabi) and a Messenger (Rasul)?, is defined as delivering Allah's Message. Delivering that Message faithfully was the full extent of the Prophet's duty; whether it took root in a person's heart was never within his power to determine.
وكما بيّن مقالنا عن الفرق بين النبي والرسول، تُعرَّف مهمة الرسول بأنها تبليغ رسالة الله. وتبليغ تلك الرسالة بأمانة كان المدى الكامل لواجب النبي؛ أما رسوخها في قلب الإنسان فلم يكن أبدا في مقدوره أن يقرره.
3. A Source of Comfort for the Prophet Himself | مصدر سلوى للنبي نفسه
Surah Al-Qasas 28:56 concerns Abu Talib, while Surah Al-Baqarah 2:272 addresses charity to non-Muslim relatives. Understood this way, the verses are not a limitation placed on him but a comfort: he had fulfilled his duty completely by conveying the truth, and any outcome beyond that was never a measure of his success or failure as a Messenger.
تتعلق آية القصص 28:56 بأبي طالب، أما آية البقرة 2:272 فتتناول الصدقة على الأقارب غير المسلمين. وبهذا الفهم، لا تمثل الآيتان قيدا مفروضا عليه بل مصدر سلوى: فقد أدى واجبه كاملا بتبليغ الحق، وأي نتيجة بعد ذلك لم تكن أبدا مقياسا لنجاحه أو فشله كرسول.
Scholarly Insight: The Prophet ﷺ appealed to his uncle (Sahih Muslim 25): “Say, "There is no god but Allah," so that I may testify for you with it on the Day of Resurrection.” Abu Talib answered: “Were it not that Quraysh would reproach me, saying that only fear drove me to it, I would have made your eyes rejoice with it.” See Abu Talib under pressure from Quraysh. Read the fuller context in the tafsir of Surah Al-Qasas and the tafsir of Surah Al-Baqarah.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Was the Prophet responsible for guiding people's hearts?
No. His responsibility was only to convey Allah's Message; guidance into a person's heart belongs to Allah alone.
Which verses show that guiding a person to faith belongs to Allah alone?
Surah Al-Qasas 28:56 and Surah Al-Baqarah 2:272.
Why were these verses revealed?
Surah Al-Qasas 28:56 concerns Abu Talib, while Surah Al-Baqarah 2:272 concerns charity to non-Muslim relatives, offering the Prophet ﷺ comfort that he had fulfilled his duty regardless of the outcome.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →