How Many Surahs Begin With Alif Lam Mim?
كم عدد السور التي تبدأ بـ "الم"؟
Six Surahs start with "Alf Lam Mim":
Al-Baqara (the Cow) (2)
Aal-'Imran (3)
Al-Ankabut (29)
Ar-Rum (30)
Luqman (31)
As-Sajdah (32)
Note: Surah Al-Ankabut is surah 29 in the Quran; the original answer listed it as (9).
ست سور تبدأ بـ "الم":
البقرة (2) وآل عمران (3) والعنكبوت (29) والروم (30) ولقمان (31) والسجدة (32).
ملاحظة: سورة العنكبوت هي السورة التاسعة والعشرون في القرآن الكريم، وقد ورد رقمها في الجواب الأصلي (9).
1. The Six Surahs | السور الست
Exactly six surahs open with the letters Alif Lam Mim: Al-Baqarah (2), Al Imran (3), Al-Ankabut (29), Ar-Rum (30), Luqman (31) and As-Sajdah (32). Al-Baqarah opens: Alif Lam Mim; this is the Book about which there is no doubt, a guidance for the God-fearing (2:1-2). Its name recalls the story told in why Allah ordered the Children of Israel to slaughter the cow. In all six surahs Alif Lam Mim is a complete verse on its own, one of the one-word verses counted in which verse consists of one word only.
الم * ذَٰلِكَ الْكِتَابُ لَا رَيْبَ ۛ فِيهِ ۛ هُدًى لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ (سورة البقرة: 1-2)
تفتتح ست سور بالحروف "الم": البقرة (2)، وآل عمران (3)، والعنكبوت (29)، والروم (30)، ولقمان (31)، والسجدة (32). وأول البقرة: (الم * ذلك الكتاب لا ريب فيه هدى للمتقين) (البقرة 2: 1-2).
2. Alif Lam Mim Sad and Alif Lam Mim Ra | المص والمر
Two other surahs begin with these three letters followed by a fourth: Al-A'raf opens with Alif Lam Mim Sad (7:1) and Ar-Ra'd with Alif Lam Mim Ra (13:1). Other surah openings are treated in which surahs begin with Al-Hamdulillah. The only surah that opens with the word surah is An-Nur, as explained in which surah begins with the word Surah.
المر ۚ تِلْكَ آيَاتُ الْكِتَابِ (سورة الرعد: 1)
وتبدأ سورتان أخريان بهذه الأحرف الثلاثة ومعها حرف رابع: الأعراف بـ (المص) (الأعراف 7: 1)، والرعد بـ (المر) (الرعد 13: 1).
3. What the Letters Mean | معنى الحروف المقطعة
Ibn Kathir records that the commentators differed over these opening letters. Some said they are knowledge Allah kept to Himself, a view al-Qurtubi reports from Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali and Ibn Mas'ud; others said they are names of the surahs, which is supported by the hadith that the Prophet recited Alif Lam Mim, As-Sajdah in the dawn prayer on Friday (Sahih al-Bukhari 891). Ibn Kathir supports the view that they show the Quran's inimitability: it is made of the very letters the Arabs spoke, yet they could not produce anything like it, and every surah that opens with them goes on to defend the Quran, as in twenty-nine surahs.
الم * تَنزِيلُ الْكِتَابِ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ مِن رَّبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ (سورة السجدة: 1-2)
ذكر ابن كثير أن المفسرين اختلفوا في الحروف المقطعة في أوائل السور: فمنهم من قال هي مما استأثر الله بعلمه، وحكاه القرطبي عن أبي بكر وعمر وعثمان وعلي وابن مسعود رضي الله عنهم، ومنهم من قال هي أسماء السور، ويعتضد هذا بأن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يقرأ في صلاة الفجر يوم الجمعة (الم * تنزيل) (السجدة 32: 1-2) (صحيح البخاري 891). وقرر ابن كثير أنها ذكرت بيانا لإعجاز القرآن، وأن كل سورة افتتحت بالحروف لا بد أن يذكر فيها الانتصار للقرآن، وهو الواقع في تسع وعشرين سورة.
4. Ten Rewards for Each Letter | لكل حرف عشر حسنات
The Prophet said: Whoever reads a letter of the Book of Allah has a good deed for it, and a good deed is rewarded tenfold. I do not say that Alif Lam Mim is one letter; rather Alif is a letter, Lam is a letter and Mim is a letter (Jami at-Tirmidhi 2910, which at-Tirmidhi graded hasan sahih).
الم * اللَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ (سورة آل عمران: 1-2)
قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "من قرأ حرفا من كتاب الله فله به حسنة، والحسنة بعشر أمثالها، لا أقول الم حرف، ولكن ألف حرف ولام حرف وميم حرف" (جامع الترمذي 2910، وقال: حسن صحيح غريب من هذا الوجه).
5. Two Madinan Surahs and Four Makkan | سورتان مدنيتان وأربع مكية
Ibn Kathir notes that Al-Baqarah and Al Imran are Madinan surahs. The other four, Al-Ankabut, Ar-Rum, Luqman and As-Sajdah, are Makkan and follow one another in the Mushaf as surahs 29 to 32. Surah Luqman is named after the wise man described in who Luqman was, and As-Sajdah is explained in the tafsir of Surah As-Sajdah.
الم * تِلْكَ آيَاتُ الْكِتَابِ الْحَكِيمِ (سورة لقمان: 1-2)
ذكر ابن كثير أن البقرة وآل عمران مدنيتان، أما العنكبوت والروم ولقمان والسجدة فمكية، وهي متتالية في المصحف من السورة 29 إلى السورة 32.
Scholarly Insight: Ibn Kathir rejects the claim that these letters encode numbers from which the times of events, trials and battles can be worked out: whoever claims this, he says, has claimed what is not his to claim, and the hadith offered for it is weak and points against that method rather than for it. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Baqarah.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
How many surahs start with Alif Lam Mim?
Six: Al-Baqarah (2), Al Imran (3), Al-Ankabut (29), Ar-Rum (30), Luqman (31) and As-Sajdah (32).
Do other surahs begin with these letters?
Al-A'raf begins with Alif Lam Mim Sad (7:1) and Ar-Ra'd with Alif Lam Mim Ra (13:1).
What is the reward for reciting Alif Lam Mim?
The Prophet said every letter of the Book of Allah earns a good deed rewarded tenfold, and that Alif, Lam and Mim are three letters (Jami at-Tirmidhi 2910).
Do these letters predict dates or events?
Ibn Kathir rejects that claim, saying whoever works out the times of events from them has claimed what is not his to claim.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →