How Does a Traveler Pray?
كيف يصلي المسافر؟
The traveler shortens the four-rak'ah prayer and prays it in two rak'ahs. Allah the Almighty says:
(When you travel through the land, it is permissible for you to shorten the prayer) [An-Nisa 4:101]
يقصر المسافر الصلاة الرباعية فيصليها ركعتين. قال الله تعالى:
(وَإِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَن تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ) [النساء 4: 101]
1. A Charity From Allah | صدقة تصدق الله بها عليكم
When you travel through the land, it is permissible for you to shorten the prayer, especially if you fear an attack by the disbelievers (4:101). Ya’la ibn Umayyah asked Umar about the words “if you fear”, now that the people were safe; Umar said: I wondered at what you wonder at, and asked the Messenger of Allah, and he said: It is a charity Allah has given you, so accept His charity (Sahih Muslim 686). Ibn Kathir suggests that fear may be mentioned because it described the usual case when Allah revealed the verse: in the early years after the Hijrah most of their journeys were dangerous.
وَإِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَن تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ (سورة النساء: 101)
قال تعالى: (وإذا ضربتم في الأرض فليس عليكم جناح أن تقصروا من الصلاة إن خفتم أن يفتنكم الذين كفروا) (النساء 4: 101)، قال يعلى بن أمية لعمر بن الخطاب في قوله: (إن خفتم أن يفتنكم الذين كفروا): فقد أمن الناس، فقال: "عجبت مما عجبت منه فسألت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن ذلك، فقال: صدقة تصدق الله بها عليكم فاقبلوا صدقته" (صحيح مسلم 686)، قال ابن كثير: وأما قوله: (إن خفتم أن يفتنكم الذين كفروا) فقد يكون هذا خرج مخرج الغالب حال نزول هذه الآية، فإن في مبدأ الإسلام بعد الهجرة كان غالب أسفارهم مخوفة.
2. The Prayer Was First Two Rak’ahs | فأقرت صلاة السفر
Aishah said: When Allah first made the prayer obligatory, He made it two rak’ahs, two rak’ahs, at home and on a journey; then the prayer of travel was kept as it was, and the prayer at home was increased (Sahih al-Bukhari 350). The traveler’s two rak’ahs are the prayer as it was first prescribed.
قالت عائشة أم المؤمنين رضي الله عنها: "فرض الله الصلاة حين فرضها ركعتين ركعتين في الحضر والسفر، فأقرت صلاة السفر، وزيد في صلاة الحضر" (صحيح البخاري 350). فركعتا المسافر هما الصلاة على ما فرضت أول مرة.
3. The Prophet’s Practice on Journeys | فكان لا يزيد في السفر على ركعتين
Ibn Umar said: I accompanied the Messenger of Allah, and on journeys he did not pray more than two rak’ahs, and neither did Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman (Sahih al-Bukhari 1102). Anas said: We went out with the Prophet from Madinah to Makkah, and he prayed two rak’ahs, two rak’ahs, until we returned to Madinah; asked by Yahya ibn Abi Ishaq whether they had stayed in Makkah, Anas said: We stayed there ten days (Sahih al-Bukhari 1081). The five daily prayers are explained in how many prayers a Muslim prays in one day.
قال ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما: "صحبت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فكان لا يزيد في السفر على ركعتين، وأبا بكر وعمر وعثمان كذلك" (صحيح البخاري 1102)، وقال أنس رضي الله عنه: "خرجنا مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم من المدينة إلى مكة، فكان يصلي ركعتين ركعتين حتى رجعنا إلى المدينة"، قال يحيى بن أبي إسحاق: قلت: أقمتم بمكة شيئا؟ قال: "أقمنا بها عشرا" (صحيح البخاري 1081).
4. Joining Prayers on a Journey | جمع بين الظهر والعصر وبين المغرب والعشاء
Besides shortening, Mu’adh ibn Jabal reports that on the expedition of Tabuk the Prophet joined Dhuhr with Asr and Maghrib with Isha; asked why, Mu’adh said: He wanted not to put his community in hardship (Sahih Muslim 706). The supplication for setting out on a journey is in the supplication when riding any means of transport.
عن معاذ بن جبل رضي الله عنه قال: "جمع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في غزوة تبوك بين الظهر والعصر وبين المغرب والعشاء"، قال أبو الطفيل: فقلت: ما حمله على ذلك؟ فقال معاذ: "أراد أن لا يحرج أمته" (صحيح مسلم 706).
Scholarly Insight: Umar said: The prayer of travel is two rak’ahs, the Friday prayer two, and the Eid prayer two: complete, not shortened, on the tongue of Muhammad (Sunan Ibn Majah 1063, graded sahih by al-Albani); Ibn Kathir cites it under 4:101. The traveler who prays two rak’ahs has prayed a complete prayer. Read more in the tafsir of Surah An-Nisa.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
How does a traveler pray?
He shortens the four-rak’ah prayers and prays each of them in two rak’ahs: When you travel through the land, it is permissible for you to shorten the prayer (4:101).
Is shortening only allowed when there is danger?
No. When Umar asked about it, the Prophet said: It is a charity Allah has given you, so accept His charity (Sahih Muslim 686).
Did the Prophet shorten the prayer on every journey?
Ibn Umar said that on journeys the Prophet did not pray more than two rak’ahs, and neither did Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman (Sahih al-Bukhari 1102).
Can a traveler join two prayers?
On the expedition of Tabuk the Prophet joined Dhuhr with Asr and Maghrib with Isha, so as not to put his community in hardship (Sahih Muslim 706).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →