Did Ibrahim Obey Allah’s Command to Leave His Wife and Son Ismael in a Barren Valley?
هل امتثل إبراهيم لأمر الله بترك زوجته وابنه إسماعيل في واد غير ذي زرع؟
Ibrahim did not argue with Allah’s command nor did he complain. He took them where he was commanded to and prayed to Allah Almighty to send people there who could feed them and look after them. He had faith that Allah would not abandon them. “Our Lord! I have settled some of my offspring in a barren valley, near Your Sacred House, our Lord, so that they may establish prayer. So make the hearts of believing people incline towards them and provide them with fruits, so perhaps they will be thankful” (Surah Ibrahim 14:37). The mother of Ismael said, “O Ibrahim, who are you leaving us to?” but he did not answer. After she asked several times and got no reply, she said, “Did Allah command you to do this?” He said, “Yes.” She said, “Then He will not leave us.”
لم يجادل إبراهيم ولم يعترض على أمر الله، فأخذ زوجته هاجر وابنه إسماعيل حيث أمره الله تعالى، ودعا الله تعالى أن يرسل ناسا يطعمونهم ويعتنون بهم. كان يقينه بالله كبيرا أن الله لن يتركهما. رَّبَّنَا إِنِّي أَسْكَنتُ مِن ذُرِّيَّتِي بِوَادٍ غَيْرِ ذِي زَرْعٍ عِندَ بَيْتِكَ الْمُحَرَّمِ رَبَّنَا لِيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ فَاجْعَلْ أَفْئِدَةً مِّنَ النَّاسِ تَهْوِي إِلَيْهِمْ وَارْزُقْهُم مِّنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَشْكُرُونَ ﴿٣٧﴾ (سورة إبراهيم: 37). قالت أم إسماعيل: يا إبراهيم، لمن تتركنا؟ فلم يرد عليها. فلما سألته مرارا ولم يجبها، قالت: آلله أمرك بهذا؟ قال: نعم. قالت: إذا لا يضيعنا الله.
1. Obedience Without Explanation | الطاعة دون تفسير
Allah gave Ibrahim no reason for the command, and Ibrahim asked for none. This episode is held up by scholars as one of the clearest examples of prophetic submission in the Quran, obedience that does not wait to understand the wisdom behind a command before carrying it out, trusting that the wisdom belongs to Allah alone.
لم يُعطِ الله إبراهيم سببا للأمر، ولم يطلب إبراهيم أي سبب. وتُطرح هذه الحادثة عند العلماء بوصفها أحد أوضح أمثلة الاستسلام النبوي في القرآن، طاعة لا تنتظر فهم الحكمة وراء الأمر قبل تنفيذه، واثقة بأن الحكمة تخص الله وحده.
2. Hajar’s Question and Her Own Declaration of Faith | سؤال هاجر وإعلانها لليقين
Hajar’s repeated question was not a protest against Ibrahim but a search for the reason behind what looked, on its surface, like abandonment. The moment she learned the command came from Allah, her uncertainty vanished instantly, replaced by “Then He will not leave us,” a declaration of tawakkul (trust in Allah) placed directly beside Ibrahim’s own in the same account, mother and father united in the same certainty even while physically parting.
لم يكن سؤال هاجر المتكرر احتجاجا على إبراهيم بل بحثا عن السبب وراء ما بدا، في ظاهره، تخليا. ولحظة علمها أن الأمر جاء من الله، تبدد شكها فورا، ليحل محله “إذا لا يضيعنا الله”، إعلان توكل وُضع مباشرة إلى جانب توكل إبراهيم نفسه في الرواية ذاتها، أم وأب متحدان في اليقين ذاته رغم الفراق الجسدي.
3. A Prayer for a Barren Valley’s Future | دعاء لمستقبل واد غير ذي زرع
Ibrahim’s supplication in Surah Ibrahim 14:37 asked for two specific things: that people’s hearts incline toward his family, and that they be provided with fruits, despite leaving them in a valley with no water, no crops, and no inhabitants. Both requests describe exactly what the valley of Makkah became: a city that draws pilgrims from every nation and a marketplace supplied with produce from across the region, a fulfillment scholars point to as one of the clearest answered prayers recorded in the Quran.
طلب دعاء إبراهيم في سورة إبراهيم 14:37 شيئين محددين: أن تميل قلوب الناس نحو أسرته، وأن يُرزقوا من الثمرات، رغم تركهم في واد لا ماء فيه ولا زرع ولا سكان. ويصف كلا الطلبين بالضبط ما أصبح عليه وادي مكة: مدينة تجذب الحجاج من كل أمة وسوق يُمَد بالمنتجات من أنحاء المنطقة، تحقق يشير إليه العلماء بوصفه أحد أوضح الأدعية المستجابة المسجلة في القرآن.
4. What Happened After Ibrahim Left | ما حدث بعد رحيل إبراهيم
A well-known authentic narration collected in Sahih al-Bukhari, transmitted by Ibn Abbas, describes what followed: when their water ran out, Hajar ran seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwah searching desperately for help, until water sprang up beneath the feet of infant Ismael, the spring known ever since as Zamzam, covered in Who Was the Prophet That the Zamzam Water Gushed at His Feet? Her running between the two hills became a rite of Hajj still performed by millions of pilgrims today, a permanent memorial to a mother’s trust in Allah during the very trial Ibrahim’s obedience had placed her in.
تصف رواية صحيحة معروفة في صحيح البخاري، رواها ابن عباس، ما حدث بعد ذلك: حين نفد ماؤهم، سعت هاجر سبع مرات بين تلي الصفا والمروة بحثا يائسا عن مساعدة، حتى نبع الماء من تحت قدمي إسماعيل الرضيع، العين المعروفة منذ ذلك الحين بزمزم، كما تناولنا في مقال من هو النبي الذي نبع ماء زمزم عند قدميه؟ وأصبح سعيها بين التلين شعيرة من شعائر الحج لا يزال يؤديها ملايين الحجاج اليوم، نصبا تذكاريا دائما لتوكل أم على الله في المحنة ذاتها التي وضعتها فيها طاعة إبراهيم.
Scholarly Insight: Surah Ibrahim 14:37 records Ibrahim’s prayer as he left his family in the valley of Makkah, asking Allah to draw people’s hearts toward them and provide for them, a request the valley’s later history fulfilled in full. Read the fuller context in the tafsir of Surah Ibrahim.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Did Ibrahim obey Allah’s command to leave Hajar and Ismael?
Yes, he obeyed without argument or complaint, trusting Allah would not abandon them.
How did Hajar respond when Ibrahim left them?
After learning the command came from Allah, she said, “Then He will not leave us,” expressing full trust in Allah.
What did Ibrahim pray for when he left them?
That people’s hearts would incline toward his family and that they would be provided with fruits, recorded in Surah Ibrahim 14:37.
What happened to Hajar and Ismael after Ibrahim left?
When their water ran out, the Zamzam spring gushed forth beneath Ismael’s feet, and Hajar’s search between Safa and Marwah became a rite of Hajj.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →