Surah Ibrahim (Abraham)

سورة إبراهيم

52 Verses

In the Name of Almighty Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate
52 آية

بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

Surah Ibrahim (Abraham) is the 14th chapter of the Quran, made up of 52 verses. It takes its name from the Prophet Abraham, highlighting his prayer for the security of Makkah and his unyielding devotion to the one God. The chapter emphasizes the shared mission of all prophets to lead humanity from darkness into light, the consequences of gratitude versus ingratitude, and the definitive reality of the Day of Judgment. Below you can read the full Surah Ibrahim in Arabic with a clear English translation and a verse-by-verse tafsir (explanation of the meaning) from Aysar al-Tafaseer, with the option to jump to any specific verse.

Tafsir of the Verses

{الۤر كِتَابٌ أَنزَلْنَاهُ إِلَيْكَ لِتُخْرِجَ ٱلنَّاسَ مِنَ ٱلظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى ٱلنُّورِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ إِلَىٰ صِرَاطِ ٱلْعَزِيزِ ٱلْحَمِيدِ}
{كِتَابٌ} {أَنزَلْنَاهُ} {ٱلظُّلُمَاتِ} {صِرَاطِ}
(1) – أَلِفْ. لاَمْ. رَا. اللهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمُرَادِهِ.
هذا القُرْآنُ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ إِلَيْكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ لِتُخْرِجَ بِهِ النَّاسَ مِمَّا هُمْ فِيهِ مِنْ ظُلُمَاتِ الكُفْرِ وَالضَّلالِ، إِلَى نُورِ الهُدَى وَالرَّشَادِ وَالإِيمَانِ، بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ وَتَوْفِيقِهِ، فَمَنْ قَدَّرَ اللهُ لَهُ الهِدَايَةَ أَرْسَلَ نُوراً يَهْدِي قَلْبَهُ فَيَهْتَدِي إِلى طَرِيقِ اللهِ العَزِيزِ الذِي لاَ يُمَانَعُ وَلاَ يُغَالَبُ، المَحْمُودِ فِي جَمِيعِ أَفْعَالِهِ وَأَقْوَالِهِ وَشَرْعِهِ، الصَّادِقِ فَي خَبَرِهِ.
بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ – بِتَيْسِيرِهِ وَتَوْفِيقِهِ لَهُمْ، أَوْ بِأَمْرِهِ.
العَزِيزِ – الغَالِبِ الذِي لاَ مَثِلَ لَهُ.
الحَمِيدِ – المَحْمُودِ المُثْنَى عَلَيهِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 1
1. Alif, Lam, Ra: Allah alone knows their meaning. We have revealed this book to you, O Mohammad, in order that you might lead mankind from the darkness of disbelief and straying into the light of guidance and belief, by the leave of their Lord and His assistance. To those of you who have been guided to the right path, Allah sent a light to illumine his heart and guide him to the path of Allah, the all-powerful, who should neither be resisted nor contended with. Allah should be praised for all He does, says and decrees. He is always truthful.
{ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّذِي لَهُ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِي ٱلأَرْضِ وَوَيْلٌ لِّلْكَافِرِينَ مِنْ عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ}
{ٱلسَّمَاوَاتِ} {لِّلْكَافِرِينَ}
(2) – وَرَبُّهُم هُوَ اللهُ الذِي يَمْلِكُ جَمِيعَ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ، وَيَتَصَرَّفُ بِهِ كَيْفَ يَشَاءُ، وَالوَيْلُ وَالهَلاَكُ لِلْكَافِرِينَ، يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ، مِنَ العَذَابِ الشَّدِيدِ الذِي يَنْتَظِرُهُمْ، إِذا خَالَفُوكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَكَذَّبُوكَ.
وَيْلٌ – هَلاَكٌ أَوْ حَسْرَةٌ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 2
2. To Allah belong all things in the heaven and on earth, and He disposes of them as He wishes. Woe and destruction to the unbelievers on Judgement Day! Terrible punishment awaits them should they disagree with and deny you, O Mohammad.
{ٱلَّذِينَ يَسْتَحِبُّونَ ٱلْحَيَاةَ ٱلدُّنْيَا عَلَى ٱلآخِرَةِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَبْغُونَهَا عِوَجاً أُوْلَـٰئِكَ فِي ضَلاَلٍ بَعِيدٍ}
{ٱلْحَيَاةَ} {ٱلآخِرَةِ} {ضَلاَلٍ} {أُوْلَـٰئِكَ}
(3) – وَهؤُلاءِ الكَافِرُونَ الذِينَ يُهَدِّدُهُمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى بِالوَيْلِ، يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ، هُمُ الذِينَ يُفَضِّلُونَ الحَيَاةَ الدُّنيا، وَيُؤْثِرُونَهَا عَلَى الآخِرَةِ، وَيَعْمَلُونَ لِلدُّنْيا، وَيَنْسَوْنَ الآخِرَةَ، وَيَتْرُكُونَهَا وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ، وَيَمْنَعُونَ النَّاسَ مِنِ اتِّبَاعِ الرُّسُلِ {وَيَصُدُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ} ، وَيُحِبُّونَ أَنْ تَكُونَ سَبيلُ اللهِ مُعْوَجَّةً، غَيْرَ مُسْتَقِيمَةٍ، لِكَيْ يَنْفِرَ النَّاسُ مِنْهَا. وَبِمَا أَنَّ سَبيلَ اللهِ مُسْتَقِيمَةٌ فِي ذَاتِهَا فَلاَ يَضُرُّهَا مَنْ خَالَفَها، وَلاَ مَنْ صَدَّ عَنْهَا، وَلِذلِكَ فَإِنَّهُمْ فِي اخْتِيَارِهِمْ حُبَّ الدُّنيا العَاجَلَةِ، وَفِي صَدِّهِم النَّاسَ عِنَ اتِّبَاعِ دِينِ الإِسْلاَمِ، وَفِي ابْتِغَائِهِمْ أَنْ تَكُونَ سَبيلُ اللهِ مُعْوَجَّةً.. إِنَّمَا هُمْ فِي جَهْلٍ وَضَلاَلٍ، وَبُعْدٍ عَنِ الحَقِّ، وَلاَ يُرْجَى لَهُمْ صَلاحٌ.
يَسْتَحِبُّونَ – يَخْتَارُونَ وَيُؤْثِرُونَ.
يَبْغُونَهَا عِوَجاً – يَطْلُبُونَهَا مُعْوَجَّةً أَوْ ذَاتَ اعْوِجَاجٍ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 3
3. Those unbelievers whom Allah threatens with destruction on Judgement Day are the ones who prefer life in this world to that in the hereafter. They live for this world and forget the afterlife. They turn their back to it, mislead others and prevent them from following Allah’s messenger. They like Allah’s path to be crooked so that people would be disinclined to follow it. However, since Allah’s path is straight in itself, no harm can come from those who diverse or turn away from it. Thus, in choosing the love of the ephemeral world, in preventing others from embracing Islam and in wishing Allah’s path crooked, the unbelievers plunge into ignorance and aberration. They cannot be expected to mend their ways.
{وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلاَّ بِلِسَانِ قَوْمِهِ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَهُمْ فَيُضِلُّ ٱللَّهُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَهْدِي مَن يَشَآءُ وَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ}
(4) – مِنْ لُطْفِ اللهِ بِخَلْقِهِ أَنَّهُ لاَ يُرْسِلُ الرُّسُلَ إِلَى النَّاسِ إِلاَّ بِلِسَانِهِمْ، لِيَفْهَمُوا مِنْهُمْ مَا يُرِيدُونَ قَوْلَهُ لَهُمْ، وَلِيُوَضِحُوا لَهُمْ مَا أُرْسِلُوا إِلَيْهِمْ بِهِ، لِتَقُومَ عَلَيْهِمُ الحُجَّةُ، وَيَنْقَطِعَ العُذْرُ. وَبَعْدَ أَنْ يَقُومَ الرُّسُلُ بِمُهِمَّةِ الدَّعْوَةِ وَالإِيضَاحِ وَالبَلاَغِ، وَإِقَامَةِ الحُجَّةِ عَلَى النَّاسِ، يُضِلُّ اللهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ عَنْ وَجْهِ الحَقِّ وَالهُدَى، وَيَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِلى صِرَاطِهِ المُسْتَقِيمِ، وَاللهُ هُوَ العَزِيزُ الذِي لاَ يُقْهَرُ، مَا شَاءَ كَانَ، وَهُوَ الحَكِيمُ فِي شَرْعِهِ وَأَفْعَالِهِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 4
4. Through His goodness to His creatures, Allah only sends to men messengers who speak their language so that they can understand what is said to them and grasp the message that the messengers were charged with transmitting to them. Thus, an argument can be constructed against them and they will be left with no excuse. After the messengers have delivered and explained the message, Allah will mislead whom He pleases and guide to the straight path whom He chooses. He is all-powerful and invincible. Whatever He chooses takes place. He is wise in all He decrees and does.
{وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا مُوسَىٰ بِآيَاتِنَآ أَنْ أَخْرِجْ قَوْمَكَ مِنَ ٱلظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى ٱلنُّورِ وَذَكِّرْهُمْ بِأَيَّامِ ٱللَّهِ إِنَّ فِي ذٰلِكَ لآيَاتٍ لِّكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُورٍ}
{بِآيَاتِنَآ} {ٱلظُّلُمَاتِ} {بِأَيَّامِ} {لآيَاتٍ}
(5) – وَكَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، وَأَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الكِتَابَ، لِتُخْرِجَ النَّاسَ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلى النُّورِ، كَذَلِكَ أَرْسَلْنَا مُوسَى إِلى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، وَأَيَّدْنَاهُ بِآيَاتِنَا (وَهِيَ تِسْعُ آيَاتٍ) وَأَمَرْنَاهُ قَائِلِينَ: ادْعُ قَوْمَكَ إِلَى الإِيمَانِ، لِيَخْرُجُوا مِنْ ظُلُمَاتِ الجَهْلِ الذِي كَانُوا فِيهِ إِلَى نُورِ الهُدَى، وَبَصِيرَةِ الإِيمَانِ، وَعِظْهُمْ مُذَكِّراً إِيَّاهُمْ بِأَفْضَالِ اللهِ عَلَيْهِمْ (ذَكِّرْهُم بِأَيَّامِ اللهِ)، فِي إِخْرَاجِهِ إِيَّاهُمْ مِنْ أَسْرِ فِرْعَوْنَ وَقَهْرِهِ وَبَطْشِهِ، وَفِي إِنْجَائِهِ إِيَّاهُمْ مِنْ عَدُوِّهُمْ، وَفَلْقِهِ البَحْرَ لَهُمْ، وَتَظْلِيلِهِ الغَمَامَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي صَحْرَاءِ سِينَاءَ، وَإٍنْزَالِهِ عَلَيْهِم المَنَّ وَالسَّلْوَى.. وَفِي جَمِيعِ مَا صَنَعْنَاهُ مَعَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ لَعِبْرَةٌ وَمَوْعِظَةٌ لِكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ عَلَى الضَّرَّاءِ، شَكُورٍ فِي السَّرَّاءِ.
بِأَيَّامِ اللهِ – بِنَعْمَائِهِ أَوْ وَقَائِعِهِ فِي الأُمَمِ الخَالِيَةِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 5
5. Like We have sent you, O Mohammad, and revealed to you the Book, so that you could lead men from the darkness to the light, We sent Moses to the children of Israel and supported him with Our verses (nine in all) commanding him thus: ‘Call your people to faith so that they emerge from the darkness of ignorance in which they lived into the light of guidance and the clear-sightedness of faith. Warn them by reminding them of Allah’s charity to them, when He rescued them from Pharaoh’s captivity, tyranny and oppression. He saved them from their enemies by cleaving the sea for them to pass through, spreading clouds over them for shade in the desert of Sinai and sending manna (an edible plant which grows on trees) and quails. In all that We have done for the children of Israel, there are signs and warnings for those who are patient in times of distress and appreciative in times of prosperity.
{وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِ ٱذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ أَنجَاكُمْ مِّنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ يَسُومُونَكُمْ سُوۤءَ ٱلْعَذَابِ وَيُذَبِّحُونَ أَبْنَآءَكُمْ وَيَسْتَحْيُونَ نِسَآءَكُمْ وَفِي ذٰلِكُمْ بَلاۤءٌ مِّن رَّبَّكُمْ عَظِيمٌ}
{أَنجَاكُمْ} {آلِ}
(6) – يُخْبِرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى أَنَّ مُوسَى، عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ، امْتَثَلَ لأَِمْرِ رَبِّهِ، فَأَخَذَ بِدَعْوَةِ قَوْمِهِ، وَوَعْظِهِمْ، وَتَذْكِيرِهِمْ بِمِنَنِ اللهِ وَأَنْعُمِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: يَا قَوْم اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ أَنْقَذَكُمْ مِنْ ظُلْمِ فِرْعَوْنَ وَقَوْمِهِ، الذِينَ كَانُوا يَسُومُونَكُمُ العَذَابَ الشَّدِيدَ المُهِينَ (سُوءَ العَذَابِ)، إِذْ كَانُوا يَذْبَحُونَ الذُّكُورَ مِنْ أَبْنَائِكُمْ، وَيَسْتَبْقُونَ الإِنَاثَ زِيَادَةً فِي الإِذْلاَلِ وَالتَّنْكِيلِ، فَأَنْقَذَكُمُ اللهُ مِنْ ذلِكَ البَلاءِ، وَهَذِهِ نِعْمَةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ عَلَيْكُم أَنْتُمْ عَاجِزُونَ عَنِ القِيَامِ بِشُكْرِهِ عَلَيْهَا. وَفِي كُلِّ مَا ذُكِرَ مِنَ التَّعْذِيبِ، وَالإِنْجَاءِ… اخْتِبَارٌ مِنَ اللهِ عَظِيمٌ، لِيُظْهِرَ مِقْدَارَ الصَّبْرِ وَالشُّكْرِ عَلَيهِ.
يَسْتَحْيُونَ نِسَاءَكُمْ – يَسْتَبْقُونَ البَنَاتِ أَحْيَاءً لِلْخِدْمَةِ.
يَسُومُونَكُمْ – يُذِيقُونَكُمْ وَيُكَلِّفُونَكُمْ.
بَلاَءٌ – ابْتِلاءٌ بِالنِّعَمِ وَالنِّقَمِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 6
6. Allah says that Moses obeyed his Lord and called on his people to believe in Allah, warned them and reminded them of His favours and blessings. Moses said to them: ‘Remember Allah’s favours to you when He delivered you from Pharaoh and his people who inflicted severe and ignominious suffering on you by slaughtering your sons and sparing your daughters to further humiliate and torment you. Allah saved you from this disaster; this is a tremendous blessing from Him which you are incapable of thanking Him for. In the suffering you underwent and Allah’s deliverance is a considerable trial Allah puts you through to test your patience and gratitude.
{وَإِذْ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكُمْ لَئِن شَكَرْتُمْ لأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ وَلَئِن كَفَرْتُمْ إِنَّ عَذَابِي لَشَدِيدٌ}
{لَئِن}
(7) – وَاذْكُرُوا يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ حِينَ آذَنَكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ، وَأَعْلَمَكُمْ بِوَعْدِهِ، فَقَالَ: لَئِنْ شَكَرْتُمْ نِعْمَتِي عَلَيْكُمْ لأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ مِنْهَا، وَلَئِنْ كَفَرْتُمُ النِّعَمَ وَسَتَرْتُمُوهَا وَجَحَدْتُمُوهَا، لأُعَاقِبَنَّكُمْ عِقَابا شَدِيداً عَلَى كُفْرِها، وَلأَسْلُبَنَّكُمْ إِيَّاهَا.
(وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ المَعْنَى لِعِبَارَةِ: ” وَإِذْ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكُمْ ” هُوَ: وَإِذْ أَقْسَمَ رَبُّكُمْ بِعِزَّتِهِ وَجَلاَلِهِ وَكِبْرِيَائِهِ).
تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكُمْ – أَعْلَمَ إِعْلاَماً لاَ شُبْهَةَ فِيهِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 7
7. Remember, O children of Israel, when Allah warned you and made known to you His promise saying: ‘If you are grateful I will increase my blessings to you; but if you deny My favours, conceal them and show ingratitude, My punishment will be terrible for your denial, and I will recover all that I granted you.’ (The meaning of ‘And when your Allah proclaimed’ could be: ‘If your Allah swore by His might, majesty and grandeur’.)
{وَقَالَ مُوسَىۤ إِن تَكْفُرُوۤاْ أَنتُمْ وَمَن فِي ٱلأَرْضِ جَمِيعاً فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَغَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ}
(8) – وَقَالَ مُوسَى لِقَوْمِهِ حِينَمَا عَانَدُوا وَجَحَدُوا: إِنْ كَفَرْتُمْ نِعَمَ اللهِ عَلَيْكُمْ، أَنْتُمْ وَجَمِيعُ مَنْ فِي الأَرْضِ، فَإِنَّ ذلِكَ لَنْ يَضُرَّ اللهَ شَيْئاً، وَإنَّهُ تَعَالَى غَنِيٌّ عَنْ شُكْرِ عِبَادِهِ لَهُ، وَهُوَ الحَمِيدُ المَحْمُودُ، وَإِنْ كَفَرَهُ مَنْ كَفَرَهُ، وَإِنَّكُمْ لاَ تَضُرُّونَ، بِالكُفْرِ وَالجُحُودِ، إِلاَّ أَنْفُسَكُمْ لأَِنَّكُمْ تَحْرمُونَهَا بِذلِكَ مِنْ مَزِيدٍ مِنَ الإِنْعَامِ، وَتُعَرِّضُونَهَا لِعَذابِ اللهِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 8
8. And Moses said to his people when they disobeyed and rebelled: ‘If you and all those on earth deny Allah’s blessings to you, it will not harm Allah; for He does not need the gratitude of His servants. He is worthy of praise. Your disbelief and rebellion will only harm you because you thus deprive yourselves of Allah’s grace and favour, and subject yourselves to His punishment.
{أَلَمْ يَأْتِكُمْ نَبَأُ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَعَادٍ وَثَمُودَ وَٱلَّذِينَ مِن بَعْدِهِمْ لاَ يَعْلَمُهُمْ إِلاَّ ٱللَّهُ جَآءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِٱلْبَيِّنَـٰتِ فَرَدُّوۤاْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ فِيۤ أَفْوَٰهِهِمْ وَقَالُوۤاْ إِنَّا كَفَرْنَا بِمَآ أُرْسِلْتُمْ بِهِ وَإِنَّا لَفِي شَكٍّ مِّمَّا تَدْعُونَنَآ إِلَيْهِ مُرِيبٍ}
{نَبَأُ} {ٱلْبَيِّنَاتِ} {ۤأَفْوَاهِهِمْ}
(9) – قَصَّ اللهُ تَعَالَى خَبَرَ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَعَادٍ وَثَمُودَ، وَالأُمَمِ الأُخْرَى المُكَذِّبَةِ، الذِينَ جَاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالحُجَجِ، وَالبَرَاهِينِ القَاطِعَةِ عَلَى وَحْدَانِيِّةِ اللهِ، وَعَلَى تَصَرُّفِهِ المُطْلَقِ بِالكَوْنِ، وَعَلى صِدْقِ مَا جَاءَهُمْ بِهِ الأَنْبِيَاءُ فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُمْ كَذَّبُوا أَنْبِيَاءَهُمْ، وَرَدُّوا عَلَيْهِمْ قَوْلَهُمْ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ، وَقَالُوا لَهُمْ إِنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِمَا جَاءَ بِهِ الرُّسُلُ، وَإِنَّهُمْ لَفِي شَكٍّ مُثِيرٍ لِلرَّيْبِ مِمَّا يَدْعُونَهُمْ إِلَيْهِ.
(وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: إِنَّ مَعْنَى {فَرَدُّوۤاْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ فِيۤ أَفْوَاهِهِمْ} أَنَّهُمْ لَمَّا سَمِعُوا كَلاَمَ اللهِ عَجِبُوا، وَرَجَعُوا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ إِلَى أَفْوَاهِهِمْ كَمَنْ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُسْمِعَ صَوْتَهُ مَنْ هُوَ بَعيدٌ عَنْهُ، أَيْ إِنَّ هذا تَعبِيرٌ عَنْ أَنَّهُمْ رَفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَهُمْ مُعْلِنِينَ كُفْرَهُمْ بِمَا جَاءَهُمْ بِهِ الرُّسُلُ).
وَقِيلَ إِنَّ هَذا التَّعْبِيرَ مَثَلٌ يُرَادُ بِهِ أَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا وَلَمْ يَرُدُّوا جَوَاباً.
(وَقِيلَ أَيْضاً إِنَّ مَعْنَاهُ أَنَّهُمْ وَضَعُوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَلَى أَفْوَاهِهِمْ اسْتِغْراباً وَاسْتِنْكَاراً).
(وَقِيلَ أَيْضاً إِنَّ المَعْنَى هُوَ أَنَّهُمْ عَضُّوا عَلَى أَنَامِلِهِمْ تَغَيُّظاً مِنَ الرُّسُلِ وَكَلاَمِهِمْ).
مُريبٍ – مُوقِعٍ فِي الرّيْبَةِ وَالقَلَقِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 9
9. Allah relates the stories of the people of Noah, ‘Ad and Thamud and other nations who belied their messengers. The messengers brought arguments and irrefutable evidence of Allah’s oneness, of the fact that He is the absolute Master of the universe and of the truth of their message. Allah says: ‘They belied their prophets and answered them saying that they did not believe in the message brought by them and were in skeptical doubt as to what the messengers called to.’ (Ibn Abbas says the meaning of ‘they put their hands to their mouth’ is that when they heard the words of Allah, they were surprised and put their hands to their mouths as if they wanted someone quite far away to hear their voices. That is, this means that they raised their voices to proclaim their denial of the messages of the envoys. Others interpret this expression by saying that it is a proverb meaning that they did not believe nor did they give an answer. It was also said that they put their hands up to their mouths out of surprise and disapproval. Others yet say that they bit their hands as a sign of vexation stemming from their anger at the messengers and what they said.
{قَالَتْ رُسُلُهُمْ أَفِي ٱللَّهِ شَكٌّ فَاطِرِ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلأَرْضِ يَدْعُوكُمْ لِيَغْفِرَ لَكُمْ مِّن ذُنُوبِكُمْ وَيُؤَخِّرَكُمْ إِلَىۤ أَجَلٍ مُّسَـمًّـى قَالُوۤاْ إِنْ أَنتُمْ إِلاَّ بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُنَا تُرِيدُونَ أَن تَصُدُّونَا عَمَّا كَانَ يَعْبُدُ آبَآؤُنَا فَأْتُونَا بِسُلْطَانٍ مُّبِينٍ}
{ٱلسَّمَاوَاتِ} {آبَآؤُنَا} {بِسُلْطَانٍ}
(10) – فَقَالَ الرُّسُلُ لِهؤُلاءِ المُكَذِّبِينَ، وَهُمْ يُنْكِرُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ شَكَّهُمْ فِي وُجُودِ اللهِ وَوَحْدَانِيَّتِهِ: أَفِي وُجُودِ اللهِ وَوَحْدَانِيَّتِهِ شَكٌّ؟ فَإِنَّ الفِطْرَةَ شَاهِدَةٌ بِوُجُودِهِ، وَمَجْبُولَةٌ عَلَى الإِقْرَارِ بِهِ، لِذلِكَ كَانَ الاعْتِرَافُ بِهِ ضَرُورِيّاً فِي الفِطْرَةِ السَّلِيمَةِ، وَلَكِنْ قَدْ يَعْرِضُ لِبَعْضِهَا شَكٌّ وَاضْطِرَابٌ فَتَحْتَاجُ إِلى الدَّلِيلِ المُوصِلِ إِلى وُجُودِ اللهِ، وَلِذَلِكَ لَفَتَ الرُّسُلُ نَظَرَهُمْ إِلَى مَا خَلَقَ اللهُ، فَقَالُوا لَهُمْ: إِنَّهُ فَاطِرُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ وَمُبْدِعُهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ مِثَالٍ سَبَقَ، وَهُوَ تَعَالَى يَدْعُوكُمْ لِيَغْفِرَ لَكُمْ فِي الدَّارِ الآخِرَةِ مِنْ ذُنُوبِكُمْ، وَيُؤَخِّرَكُمْ فِي الدُّنْيا إِلى أَجَلٍ مُعَيَّنٍ (مُسَمَّى). فَقَالَتِ الأُمَمُ للرُّسُلِ: كَيْفَ نَتْبَعُكُمْ بِمُجَرَّدِ قَوْلِكُمْ أَنَّكُمْ رُسُلُ اللهِ، فَأَنْتُمْ بَشَرٌ مِثْلُنَا، وَلَمْ نَرَ مِنْكُمْ مُعْجِزَةً تَدُلُّ عَلَى رِسَالَتِكُمْ، فَإِذَا أَرَدْتُمْ أَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكُمْ فَأْتُونَا بِبُرْهَانٍ وَدَلِيلٍ وَاضِحٍ عَلَى صِدْقِ مَا تَقُولُونَ.
فَاطِرِ – مُبْدِعِ وَمُخْتَرِع.
بِسُلْطَانٍ – حُجَّةٍ وَبُرْهَانٍ عَلَى صِدْقِكُمْ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 10
10. Indignant at the doubts evinced by those who denied the existence and oneness of Allah, the messengers said to them: ‘Can anyone doubt the existence and oneness of Allah? Our natural disposition attests to His existence and admits it. Thus, it is necessary to a sound disposition to acknowledge His existence. However, some may have doubts and vacillate, and need proof of His existence. The messengers therefore drew their attention to Allah’s creation and said: ‘It is He, the Creator of heavens and the earth. He created them from nothing, without imitating a model. He calls you to forgive you for some of your sins in the hereafter. He gives you respite until a fixed term for penitence. The nations said to the messengers: ‘Why should we follow you as soon as you tell us that you are the messengers of Allah? You are human like us. We have not witnessed any miracle from you to prove your message. If you wish that we believe in you, then show us clear proof of your veracity.’
{قَالَتْ لَهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ إِن نَّحْنُ إِلاَّ بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُكُمْ وَلَـٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَمُنُّ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَآءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ وَمَا كَانَ لَنَآ أَن نَّأْتِيَكُمْ بِسُلْطَانٍ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ وَعلَى ٱللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ}
{بِسُلْطَانٍ}
(11) – فَقَالَتْ لَهُمْ الرُّسُلُ: صَحيحٌ أَنَّنَا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ، وَلَكِنَّ اللهَ يََمَنُّ بِفَضْلِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَخْتَارُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ، فَيُؤْتِيهِ الرِّسَالَةَ وَالنُّبُوَّةَ، وَلا نَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ نَأْتِيَكُمْ بِمَا سَأَلْتُمُوهُ مِنَ المُعْجِزَاتِ وَالخَوَارِقِ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِ اللهِ وَأَمْرِهِ، فَهُوَ الذِي يَأْتِي بِالمُعْجِزَاتِ، وَيَأْذَنُ بِهَا، وَالمُؤْمِنُونَ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ عَلَى اللهِ فِي جَمِيعِ أُمُورِهِمْ، فَلْنَتَوَكَّلْ عَليهِ بِالصَّبْرِ عَلَى كُفْرِكُمْ، وَتَكْذِيبِكُمْ إِيَّانَا.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 11
11. Their messengers replied: ‘True, we are human like yourselves, but Allah grants His grace to whomsoever He chooses of His servants. We cannot bring you any miracles or supernatural deeds without Allah’s permission.’ He alone performs miracles and allows them to be performed. Believers rely on Allah in all their matters; therefore we should rely on Him to endure your disbelief and your denial.’
{وَمَا لَنَآ أَلاَّ نَتَوَكَّلَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ وَقَدْ هَدَانَا سُبُلَنَا وَلَنَصْبِرَنَّ عَلَىٰ مَآ آذَيْتُمُونَا وَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ ٱلْمُتَوَكِّلُونَ}
{هَدَانَا} {آذَيْتُمُونَا}
(12) – وَبَعْدَ أَنْ أَجَابَهُم الأَنْبِيَاءُ عَلَى شُبُهَاتِهِمْ، أَخَذَ المُشْرِكُونَ يُخَوِّفُونَهُمْ، وَيَتَوَعَّدُونَهُمْ بِالانْتِقَامِ وَالإِيذَاءِ، فَقَالَ لَهُمُ الأَنْبِيَاءُ إِنَّنَا لا نَخَافُ تَهْدِيدَكُمْ، بَلْ نَتَوَكَّلُ عَلَى اللهِ، وَنَعْتَمِدُ عَلَيْهِ، وَكَيْفَ لاَ نَتَوَكَّلُ عَلَى اللهِ، وَقَدْ هَدَانَا لأَِقْوَمِ الطُّرُقِ وَأَوْضَحِها وَأَبْيَنِهَا؟ وَسَنَصْبِرُ عَلَى مَا أَلْحَقْتُمُوهُ بِنَا مِنَ الأَذَى بِأَقْوَالِكُمْ وَأَفْعَالِكُمْ، وَمَنْ تَوَكّلَ عَلَى اللهِ كَفَاهُ مَا أَهَمَّهُ وَأَغَمَّهُ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 12
12. When the messengers had answered their doubts, the unbelievers threatened to revenge themselves on them and to harm them. The Prophets (peace be upon them) replied: ‘We do not fear your threats but we put our trust in Allah and depend on Him. How can we not depend on Allah when He has guided us to the straightest path? We will bear patiently all the hurt you have inflicted on us, both verbally and physically, for those who put their trust in Allah will be spared anxiety and distress.’
{وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لِرُسُلِهِمْ لَنُخْرِجَنَّـكُمْ مِّنْ أَرْضِنَآ أَوْ لَتَعُودُنَّ فِي مِلَّتِنَا فَأَوْحَىٰ إِلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ لَنُهْلِكَنَّ ٱلظَّالِمِينَ}
{ٱلظَّالِمِينَ}
(13) – وَلَمَّا عَجَزَ رُؤُوسُ الكُفْرِ وَالضَّلاَلَةِ عَنْ مُقَارَعَةِ الحُجَّةِ بِالحُجَّةِ، عَمَدُوا إِلى تَهْدِيدِ الرُّسُلِ بِالنَّفْيِ وَالإِخْراجِ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَظْهُرِهِمْ، إِنْ لَمْ يَعُودُوا فِي مِلَّتِهِمْ، فَأَوْحَى اللهُ إِلَى الرُّسُلِ: أَنَّهُ تَعَالَى سَيُهْلِكُ هؤُلاءِ المُكَذِّبِينَ الظَّالِمِينَ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 13
13. When the heads of disbelief and perversity failed to meet argument for argument, they resorted to threatening the messengers with violence and banishment from their land if they did not return to their religion. But Allah revealed to the Messengers that He would cause the deniers to perish.
{وَلَنُسْكِنَنَّـكُمُ ٱلأَرْضَ مِن بَعْدِهِمْ ذٰلِكَ لِمَنْ خَافَ مَقَامِي وَخَافَ وَعِيدِ}
(14) – وَأَوْحَى اللهُ تَعَالَى إِلَى الرُّسُلِ: أَنَّهُ سَيُسْكِنُهُمْ أَرْضَ الكَافِرِينَ وَدِيَارَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ، وَهَذا جَزَاءٌ عَادِلٌ لِمَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِ، يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ، وَخَافَ مَا خَوَّفَهُ بِهِ رَبُّهُ، وَمَا تَوَعَّدَهُ بِهِ مِنَ العَذَابِ وَالنّكَالِ.
خَافَ مَقَامِي – خَافَ مَوْقِفَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيَّ لِلْحِسَابِ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 14
14. Allah Almighty revealed to the Messengers that they would succeed the unbelievers to their lands and homes in which Allah would establish them. This is a fair reward for those who fear Allah on Judgement Day and fear His punishment and wrath with which He threatened them.
{وَٱسْتَفْتَحُواْ وَخَابَ كُلُّ جَبَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ}
(15) – وَاسْتَنْصَرَ الرُّسُلُ بِرَبِّهِمْ عَلَى أَقْوَامِهِمْ، لَمَّا يَئِسُوا مِنْ إِيمَانِهِمْ، وَطَلَبُوا مِنَ اللهِ تَعَالَى النَّصْرَ عَلَى الكَافِرِينَ فَنَصَرَهُمُ اللهُ، فَرَبِحُوا، وَخَسِرَ كُلُّ مُتَكَبِّرٍ عَنْ طَاعَةِ اللهِ، شَدِيدِ العِنَادِ لِلْحَقِّ.
(وَقِيلَ بَلْ مَعْنَاهُ هُوَ: أَنَّ الأُمَمَ اسْتَفْتَحَتْ عَلَى نَفْسِهَا، كَمَا قَالَ كُفَّارُ قُرَيشٍ:{ٱللَّهُمَّ إِن كَانَ هَـٰذَا هُوَ ٱلْحَقَّ مِنْ عِندِكَ فَأَمْطِرْ عَلَيْنَا حِجَارَةً مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ أَوِ ٱئْتِنَا بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ} اسْتَفْتَحُوا – اسْتَنْصَرَ الرُّسُلُ بِاللهِ عَلَى الظَّالِمِينَ.
خَابَ كُلُّ جَبَّارٍ – خَسِرَ وَهَلَكَ كُلُّ مُتَكَبِّرٍ مُتَعَاظِمٍ.
عَنِيدٍ – مُعَانِدٍ لِلْحَقِّ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 15
15. When the Messengers lost hope of the faith of the unbelievers, they called on Allah to help them against their people and asked Him to give them victory over the unbelievers. Allah Almighty championed them and they were victorious. All those who refused to obey Allah and arrogantly resisted the truth were defeated. (Some interpret this verse as follows: the nations called on Allah’s help. The unbelievers of Quraish said: ‘O Allah, if this be indeed the truth from You, then rain down upon us stones from heaven, or bring us a painful chastisement.’ (See chapter 8- Al-Anfal (The Spoils of War), 32.)
{مِّن وَرَآئِهِ جَهَنَّمُ وَيُسْقَىٰ مِن مَّآءٍ صَدِيدٍ}
{وَرَآئِهِ}
(16) – فَقَدْ حَلَّتِ الهَزِيمَةُ بِهذا الجَبَّارِ العَنِيدِ فِي الدُّنْيا، وَأَمَامَهُ فِي الآخِرَةِ جَهَنَّمُ تَنْتَظِرُهُ، فَهِيَ لَهُ بِالمِرْصَادِ، وَسَيَكُونُ خَالِداً فِيهَا، وَيُسْقَى فِي النَّارِ مِنَ الصَّدِيدِ الذِي يَسِيلُ مِنْ لَحْمِهِ وَجِلْدِهِ المُحْتَرِقَيْن.
(وَوَرَاءُ، هُنا، مَعْنَاهَا أَمَامُ مِثْلُ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى{وَرَآءَهُم مَّلِكٌ يَأْخُذُ كُلَّ سَفِينَةٍ غَصْباً} أَيْ كَانَ أَمَامَهُمْ مَلِكٌ).
الصَّدِيدُ – مَا يَسِيلُ مِنْ أَجْسَادِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ المُحْتَرِقَةِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 16
16. The obstinate transgressor was defeated in this worldly life. In the hereafter he is destined for hell which awaits him. There he will stay forever and be given for drink fetid water which runs out of his burnt flesh and skin. (‘Beyond’ here means ‘before’ as in the Almighty’s words: ‘For beyond them was a king who was seizing every ship by brutal force’. (See chapter 18- Al-Kahf (The Cave), 79.)
{يَتَجَرَّعُهُ وَلاَ يَكَادُ يُسِيغُهُ وَيَأْتِيهِ ٱلْمَوْتُ مِن كُلِّ مَكَانٍ وَمَا هُوَ بِمَيِّتٍ وَمِن وَرَآئِهِ عَذَابٌ غَلِيظٌ}
{وَرَآئِهِ}
(17) – يَشْرَبُهُ قَسْراً وَقَهْراً، جَرْعَةً بَعْدَ جَرْعَةٍ، وَلاَ يَكَادُ يَبْتَلِعُهُ لِسُوءِ طَعْمِهِ، وَنَتْنِ رَائِحَتِهِ، وَحَرَارَتِهِ، فَإِذَا شَرِبَهُ قَطَعَ أَمْعَاءَهُ، وَيَأْتِيهِ العَذَابُ بِأَنْوَاعِهِ، لَيْسَ مِنْهَا نَوْعٌ إِلا يَأْتِيهِ المَوْتُ مِنْهُ، وَلكِنَّهُ لاَ يَمُوتُ لِيَخْلُدَ فِي النَّارِ وَالعَذَابِ، وَلَهُ بْعَدَ هَذِهِ الحَالَةِ عَذَابٌ آخَرَ شَدِيدٌ غَلِيظٌ أَدْهَى مِنَ الذِي قَبْلَهُ وَأَمَرُّ.
يَتَجَرَّعُهُ – يَتَكَلَّفُ بَلْعَهُ لِشِدَّةِ حَرَارَتِهِ، وَمَرَارَةِ طَعْمِهِ.
لاَ يَكَادُ يُسِيغُهُ – لاَ يَكَادُ يَبْتَلِعُهُ لِشِدَّةِ كَرَاهَتِهِ وَنَتْنِهِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 17
17. He will drink it against his will, by force, mouthful after mouthful. He will hardly be able to swallow it because it is disgusting, fetid and hot. He will then be assailed with all kinds of suffering, including death. However, he will not die but forever remain in hell and his chastisement will be unrelenting. After this, he will be afflicted further with a terrible torment, more painful and bitter than the previous one.
{مَّثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِرَبِّهِمْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ كَرَمَادٍ ٱشْتَدَّتْ بِهِ ٱلرِّيحُ فِي يَوْمٍ عَاصِفٍ لاَّ يَقْدِرُونَ مِمَّا كَسَبُواْ عَلَىٰ شَيْءٍ ذٰلِكَ هُوَ ٱلضَّلاَلُ ٱلْبَعِيدُ}
{أَعْمَالُهُمْ} {ٱلضَّلاَلُ}
(18) – هذَا مَثَلٌ ضَرَبَهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى لأَِعْمَالِ الخَيْرِ التِي يَعْملُهَا الكُفَّارُ، الذِينَ عَبَدُوا مَعَ اللهِ غَيْرَهُ، وَكَذَّبُوا رُسُلَهُ، وَبَنَوْا أَعْمَالَهُمْ عَلَى غَيْرِ أَسَاسٍ صَحِيحٍ مِنَ الإِيمَانِ وَالتَّقْوى، فَانْهَارَتْ. فَقَالَ تَعَالَى: مَثَلُ أَعْمَالِ الذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِرَبِّهِمْ مَثَلُ الرَّمَادِ الذِي لَعِبَتْ بِهِ الرِّيحُ العَاصِفَةُ الشَّدِيدَةُ فَتَبَعْثَرَ، وَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ المُسْتَحِيلِ جَمْعُهُ. كَذلِكَ أَعْمَالُ الكَافِرِينَ، فَإِنَّهَا تَتَبَدَّدُ وَتَذْهَبُ هَبَاءً، وَلاَ يَقْدِرُونَ فِي الآخِرَةِ أَنْ يُقَدِّمُوا شَيْئاً مِنْ أَعْمَالِهِمْ التِي كَسَبُوهَا فِي الحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيا، يَنْتَفِعُونَ بِهِ، وَهُمْ أَحْوَجُ مَا يَكُونُونَ إِلَيْهَا فِي ذلِكَ اليَوْمِ العَصِيبِ. وَذلِكَ هُوَ الضَّلاَلُ البَعِيدُ عَنْ طَرِيقِ الهُدَى وَالصَّوَابِ.
يَومٍ عَاصِفٍ – شَدِيدِ هُبُوبِ الرِّيحِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 18
18. This is an example that Allah Almighty gives with reference to the good deeds done by the unbelievers, those who worshipped other idols with Allah. They based their deeds on another foundation than faith and piety; thus their good deeds collapsed. Allah says: ‘The actions of those who deny Allah are like the ash strewn by a violent wind. It is impossible to gather it. Thus the deeds of the unbelievers: they are dispersed and reduced to dust. In the hereafter, they can offer none of the good deeds they acquired in this worldly life. They will gain no profit from them although they are in dire need of them on that terrible day. This is the result of straying far from the path of guidance and truth.’
{أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلأَرْضَ بِٱلْحقِّ إِن يَشَأْ يُذْهِبْكُمْ وَيَأْتِ بِخَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ}
{ٱلسَّمَاوَاتِ}
(19) – يُخْبِرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ قُدْرَتِهِ عَلَى إِعَادَةِ خَلْقِ الأَبْدَانِ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ، فَيَقُولُ تَعَالَى لِرَسُولِهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم: أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللهَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ بِالحِكْمَةِ عَلَى أَكْمَلِ صُورَةٍ، وَأَحْسَنِ خَلْقٍ، وَهِيَ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ خَلْقِ الإِنْسَانِ، أَفَلَيْسَ الذِي قَدَرَ عَلَى خَلْقِ كُلِّ مَا فِي هذا الكَوْنِ العَظِيمِ مِنْ مَخْلُوقَاتٍ، قَادِراً عَلَى إِعَادَةِ خَلْقِ البَشَرِ مِنْ جَدِيدٍ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ؟ إِنَّ اللهَ قَادِرٌ عَلَى أَنْ يُهْلِكَ النَّاسَ إِنْ شَاءَ، وَعَلَى أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِخَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ غَيْرِهِمْ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 19
19. Almighty Allah talks of His ability to resurrect the bodies on Judgement Day. He says to His messengers: ‘Did you not know that Allah created heavens and the earth for a good reason and in the best of ways and the most perfect of forms, a feat far greater than the creation of human beings? Is not the one who created all the creatures in this great universe able to recreate the people on Judgement Day? Allah is capable of destroying humans and replacing them with other creatures.’
{وَمَا ذٰلِكَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ بِعَزِيزٍ}
(20) – وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ الإِذْهَابُ وَالإِتْيَانُ صَعْباً عَلَى اللهِ، وَلا مُمْتَنِعاً عَلَى قُدْرَتِهِ تَعَالَى.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 20
20. The destruction and replacement of humans is not a difficult task for Allah to accomplish nor does it escape His might.
{وَبَرَزُواْ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعاً فَقَالَ ٱلضُّعَفَاءُ لِلَّذِينَ ٱسْتَكْبَرُوۤاْ إِنَّا كُنَّا لَكُمْ تَبَعًا فَهَلْ أَنتُمْ مُّغْنُونَ عَنَّا مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱللَّهِ مِن شَيْءٍ قَالُواْ لَوْ هَدَانَا ٱللَّهُ لَهَدَيْنَاكُمْ سَوَآءٌ عَلَيْنَآ أَجَزِعْنَآ أَمْ صَبَرْنَا مَا لَنَا مِن مَّحِيصٍ}
{ٱلضُّعَفَاءُ} {هَدَانَا} {لَهَدَيْنَاكُمْ}
(21) – وَيَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ تَبْرُزُ الخَلاَئِقُ كُلُّهَا لِلْوَاحِدِ القَهَّارِ، وَتَجْتَمِعُ فِي بَرَازٍ وَاحِدٍ (وَهُوَ المَكَانُ الوَاسِعُ الخَالِي الذِي لَيْسَ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ يَسْتُرُهُ)، فَيَقُولُ الأَتْبَاعُ (الضُّعَفَاءُ) لِلقَادَةِ الذِينَ اسْتَكْبَرُوا عَنْ عِبَادَةِ اللهِ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ: لَقَدْ كُنَّا تَابِعِينَ لَكُمْ نَأْتَمِرُ بِأَمْرِكُمْ، وَقَدْ فَعَلْنَا مَا أَمَرْتُمُونَا بِهِ، فَهَلْ تَدْفَعُونَ عَنَّا اليَوْمَ شَيْئاً مِنَ العَذَابِ {فَهَلْ أَنتُمْ مُّغْنُونَ عَنَّا}؟ فَيَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِمُ القَادَةُ الكُبَرَاءُ قَائِلِينَ: لَوْ أَنَّ اللهَ هَدَانَا لَهَدَيْنَاكُمْ مَعَنَا، وَلَكِنَّنا ضَلَلْنَا فَضَلَلْتُمْ مَعَنَا، فَحَقَّتْ كَلِمَةُ العَذَابِ عَلَى الكَافِرِينَ، وَلا بُدَّ مِنَ الصَّبْرِ لأَِنَّ الجَزَعَ لاَ يُفِيدُ، وَسَوَاءٌ عَلَيْنَا أَجَزِعْنَا أَمْ صَبَرْنَا فَلاَ نَجَاةَ لَنَا مِنَ النَّارِ، وَلاَ مَصْرِفَ لَنَا عَنْهَا.
بَرَزُوا – خَرَجُوا مِنَ القُبُورِ لِلْحِسَابِ.
مغْنُونَ عَنّا – دَافِعُونَ عَنَّا.
مَحِيصٍ – مَنْجىً وَمَهْرَبٍ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 21
21. On Judgement Day all creatures will appear before the all-powerful One Allah. They will be assembled in an exposed place, vast, empty and uncovered. The weak followers will say to their leaders who arrogantly desisted from worshipping Allah alone, without associate: ‘We followed your lead and did what you ordered us to do. Will you not spare us some of the punishment on this day?’ The great leaders will answer: ‘Had Allah guided us we would have guided you with us, but we have gone astray and so have you.’ The deniers have thus merited punishment. One must arm oneself with patience for it is of no use to be apprehensive. Whether we are apprehensive or patient, we will not be able to escape from hellfire, nor do we have another recourse.
{وَقَالَ ٱلشَّيْطَانُ لَمَّا قُضِيَ ٱلأَمْرُ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ وَعَدَكُمْ وَعْدَ ٱلْحَقِّ وَوَعَدتُّكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُكُمْ وَمَا كَانَ لِيَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِّن سُلْطَانٍ إِلاَّ أَن دَعَوْتُكُمْ فَٱسْتَجَبْتُمْ لِي فَلاَ تَلُومُونِي وَلُومُوۤاْ أَنفُسَكُمْ مَّآ أَنَاْ بِمُصْرِخِكُمْ وَمَآ أَنتُمْ بِمُصْرِخِيَّ إِنِّي كَفَرْتُ بِمَآ أَشْرَكْتُمُونِ مِن قَبْلُ إِنَّ ٱلظَّالِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ}
{ٱلشَّيْطَانُ} {سُلْطَانٍ} {ٱلظَّالِمِينَ}
(22) – وَبَعْدَ أَنْ يُتِمَّ اللهُ تَعَالَى قَضَاءَهُ بَيْنَ العِبَادِ، وَيُدْخِلَ أَهْلَ الجَنَّةِ الجَنَّةَ، وَيُدْخِلَ أَهْلَ النَّارِ النَّارَ، يَقُومُ إِبْلِيسُ خَطِيباً فِي أَهْلِ النَّارِ، لِيَزِيدَهُمْ حُزْناً إِلى حُزْنِهِمْ، وَحَسْرَةً إِلى حَسْرَتِهِمْ، فَيَقُولُ لَهُمْ: إِنَّ اللهَ وَعَدَكُمْ وَعْدَ الحَقِّ عَلَى لِسَانِ رُسُلِهِ، وَوَعَدَكُمْ بِالنَّجَاةِ وَالسَّلاَمَةِ إِنْ آمَنْتُمْ بِهِ، وَصَدَّقْتُمْ رُسُلَهُ، وَكَانَ وَعْدُهُ حَقّاً. أَمّا أَنَا فَوَعَدْتُكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُكُمْ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِي دَلِيلٌ وَلاَ حُجَّةٌ فِيمَا وَعَدْتُكُمْ بِهِ، وَدَعَوْتُكُمْ إِلَيْهِ، وَقَدِ اسَتْجَبْتُمْ لِي بِمُجَرَّدِ أَنْ دَعَوْتُكُمْ وَوَسْوَسْتُ لَكُمْ، وَقَدْ أَقَامَتِ الرُّسُلُ عَلَيْكُمُ الحُجَجَ وَالأَدِلَّةَ الصَّحِيحَةَ عَلَى صِدْقِ مَا جَاؤُوكُمْ بِهِ، فَخَالَفْتُمُوهُمْ وَاتَّبَعْتُمُونِي فَصِرْتُمْ إِلَى مَا أَنْتُمْ فِيهِ مِنَ العَذَابِ، فَلاَ تَلُومُونِي اليَوْمَ، وَلُومُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ لأَِنَّ الذَّنْبَ ذَنْبُكُمْ، فَمَا أَنَا اليَوْمَ بِمِغِيثِكُمْ (مُصْرِخِكُمْ)، وَلاَ مُنْقِذِكُمْ مِمَّا أَنْتُمْ فِيهِ، وَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِنَافِعِيَّ وَلاَ مُنْقِذِيَّ وَلاَ مُغِيثِيَّ (مُصْرِخِيَّ) مِمَّا أَنَا فِيهِ، مِنَ العَذَابِ وَالنَّكَالِ، وَإِنّي جَحَدْتُ (كَفَرْتُ) أَنْ أَكُونَ شَرِيكاً للهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِيمَا أَشْرَكْتُمُونِي فِيهِ فِي الدُّنْيا. ثُمَّ يَقُولُ لَهُمْ إِبْلِيسُ: إِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ فِي إِعْرَاضِهِمْ عَنِ الحَقِّ، وَاتِّبَاعِهِمْ البَاطِلَ، لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ.
وَقَدْ قَصَّ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى النَّاسِ مَا سَيَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ حَالُ إِبْلِيسَ مَعَ الذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ فِي الدُّنيا لِيَكُونَ ذَلِكَ تَنْبِيهاً لَهُمْ، وَحَضّاً لَهُمْ عَلَى التَّبَصُّرِ فِي عَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِهِمْ.
سُلْطَانٍ – تَسَلُّطٍ أَوْ حُجَّةٍ.
بِمُصْرِخِكُمْ – بِمُنْقِذِكُمْ مِنَ العَذَابِ.
بِمُصْرِخِيَّ – بِمُنْقِذِيَّ مِنَ العَذَابِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 22
22. After Allah has judged His servants, and those who deserve Heaven have gone to Heaven, and those who deserve Hell to Hell, Lucifer addresses the dwellers of hell thus provoking further agony and grief. He says: ‘Allah gave you a true promise through His messengers. He promised you security and safety if you believe in Him and His messengers. His promise was true. As for me I have made you a promise that I can not keep. I had neither argument or proof to sustain my promise and corroborate my call. You followed me as soon as I had called you and whispered to you. The messengers advanced proofs and irrefutable evidence as to the truth of their message. However, you denied them and followed me. Do not reproach me today but reproach yourselves because you are to blame; today I can neither aid you nor save you from the state you find yourselves in; nor can you benefit me, aid me or save me from the punishment inflicted on me. I deny being associated with you with Allah in this here life.’ He adds: ‘By turning away from truth and following evil, the iniquitous will have a painful punishment.’ Allah tells men what the state of Lucifer and those who followed him in this life will be on Judgement Day, thus to warn people and incite them to meditate on the punishment they incur.
{وَأُدْخِلَ ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّالِحَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ تَحِيَّتُهُمْ فِيهَا سَلاَمٌ}
{آمَنُواْ} {ٱلصَّالِحَاتِ} {جَنَّاتٍ} {ٱلأَنْهَارُ} {خَالِدِينَ} {سَلاَمٌ}
(23) – أَمَّا المُؤْمِنُونَ الذِينَ آمَنُوا بِرَبِّهِمْ وَكُتُبِهِ، وَرُسُلِهِ، وَعَمِلُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا الأَعْمَالَ الصَّالِحَةَ، وَأَخْلَصُوا العِبَادَةَ للهِ، فَإِنَّ اللهَ سَيُدْخِلُهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي المِيَاهُ فِي جَنَبَاتِهَا، لِيَكُونُوا فِيهَا خَالِدِينَ أَبَداً، لاَ يَحُولُونَ عَنْهَا وَلا يَزُولُونَ، بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ، وَتَوْفِيقِهِ إِيَّاهُمْ إِلى الإِيمَانِ، وَفِعْلِ الخَيْراتِ وَتُحْيِّيهِمُ المَلاَئِكَةُ فِيهَا قَائِلِينَ لَهُمْ: سَلاَمٌ عَلَيْكُمْ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 23
23. But those who believe in Allah and His books and messengers and do good deeds in this life, and are sincere in their worship, Allah will allow them to enter Paradise in whose sides water flows and where they will dwell eternally; they will never be turned away from it, or perish, by His grace, because they were guided by Him to faith and good deeds. The angels will welcome them and say: ‘Peace be on you.’
{أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ ضَرَبَ ٱللَّهُ مَثَلاً كَلِمَةً طَيِّبَةً كَشَجَرةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ أَصْلُهَا ثَابِتٌ وَفَرْعُهَا فِي ٱلسَّمَآءِ}
(24) – بَيَّنَ اللهُ تَعَالَى فِي الآيَاتِ السَّابِقَاتِ حَالَ الأَشْقِيَاءِ، وَمَا يُلاَقُونَهُ فِي الآخِرَةِ مِنَ الأَهْوَالِ الشَّدِيدةِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ، كَمَا بَيَّنَ حَالَ السُّعَدَاءِ الأَبْرارِ وَمَا يَنَالُونَهُ مِنْ فَوْزٍ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ فِي جَنَّاتِ النَّعِيمِ. ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ مَثَلاً يُبَيِّنُ حَالَ الفَرِيقَيْنِ، وَيُوضِحُ الفَرْقَ بَيْنَهُمَا، لِتَقْرِيبِ الصُّورَةِ إِلَى العُقُولِ وَالأَفْهَامِ فَقَالَ تَعَالَى: أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ يَا أَيُّها الإِنْسَانُ عِلْمَ اليَقِينِ، كَيْفَ ضَرَبَ اللهُ مَثَلاً وَوَضَعَهُ المَوْضِعَ اللاَّئِقَ بِهِ، فَشَبَّهَ الكَلِمَةَ الطَّيِّبَةَ (وَهِي الإِيمَانُ الثَّابِتُ فِي قَلْبِ المُؤْمِنِ الذِي يُرْفَعُ بِهِ عَمَلُهُ إِلى السَّمَاءِ، وَتَنَالُهُ بَرَكَتُهُ وَثَوَابُهُ فِي كُلِّ وَقْتٍ)، بِالشَّجَرَةِ المُثْمِرَةِ الجَمِيلَةِ المَنْظَرِ التِي أَصْلُهَا رَاسِخٌ فِي الأَرْضِ وَفُروعُهَا مُتَصَاعِدَةٌ إِلى السَّمَاءِ.
(وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: الكَلِمَةُ الطَّيِّبَةُ هِيَ قَوْلُ لاَ إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ، وَإِنَّ الشَّجَرَةَ الطَّيِّبَةَ هِي النَّخْلَةُ).
كَلِمَةً طَيِّبَةً – هِيَ كَلِمَةُ التَّوْحِيدِ وَالإِسْلامِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 24
24. In the previous verses, Allah indicated the state of the wretched in the Hereafter and the terrible suffering that they will be subjected to in Hell. He also indicated the state of the happy believers and the good recompense that they will earn in the garden of bliss. Then Allah gives an example to show the state of both parties, and clarifies the difference between them to reconcile the image with the mind and render it more comprehensible. He says: ‘Do you not know, O man, how Allah gives examples and places them in their suitable contexts? He compares the good word (that is the firm belief in the heart of the believer, whose good deeds are elevated to heaven and earn him Allah’s blessings and reward at all times) to a beautiful fruit-bearing tree, whose roots are firmly fixed in the ground and its branches reach the sky.’ (Ibn Abbas says: ‘The good word is to say, “There is no Allah but Allah; the good tree is the palm tree.’)
{تُؤْتِيۤ أُكُلَهَا كُلَّ حِينٍ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهَا وَيَضْرِبُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلأَمْثَالَ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ}
(25) – وَهَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةُ الطَّيِّبَةُ تَكُونُ عَلَيْهَا ثِمَارُهَا فِي كُلِّ حِينٍ، وَفِي كُلِّ آنٍ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهَا اللهِ، كَذلِكَ المُؤْمِنُ لاَ يَزَالُ يُرْفَعُ لَهُ عَمَلٌ صَالِحٌ آنَاءَ الليْلِ وَأَطْرَافَ النَّهَارِ، فِي كُلِّ وَقْتٍ، وَفِي كُلِّ حِينٍ، وَاللهُ يَضْرِبُ الأَمْثَالَ لِلنَّاسِ لِيُقَرِّبَ الأُمُورَ إِلى أَفْهَامِهِمْ، وَيَزِيدَ فِي إِيضَاحِها لَهُمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّعِظُونَ وَيَتَذَكَّرونَ.
تُؤْتِي أُكُلَهَا – تُعْطِي ثَمَرَهَا الذِي يُؤْكَلُ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 25
25. This good tree yields fruit in all seasons and at all times, by the leave of Allah, like the believers whose good deeds do not cease to be elevated to the sky during the night and at both ends of the day, always. Allah gives examples to men to bring matters closer to their understanding and clarify them further perhaps they will take warning and meditate.
{وَمَثلُ كَلِمَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ كَشَجَرَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ ٱجْتُثَّتْ مِن فَوْقِ ٱلأَرْضِ مَا لَهَا مِن قَرَارٍ}
(26) – وَضَرَبَ اللهُ تَعَالَى مَثَلاً لِكَلِمَةِ الكُفْرِ وَمَا مَاثَلَهَا (كَلِمَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ)، شَجَرَةً خَبِيثَةً كَالحَنْظَلِ وَنَحْوِهِ، لَيْسَ لَهَا جُذُورٌ ثَابَتَةٌ فِي الأَرْضِ، وَفُرُوعُهَا لاَ تَتَجَاوَزُ سَطْحَ الأَرْضِ، وَقَدِ اقْتُلِعَتْ مِنْ فَوْقِ الأًَرْضِ لأَِنَّ عُرُوقَها قَرِيبةٌ مِنَ سَطْحِ الأَرْضِ، وَأُلْقِيَتْ.
كَمَا أَنَّ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ الخَبِيثَةَ لاَ ثَبَاتَ لَهَا وَلا دَوَامَ، وَثَمَرُهَا مُرُّ المَذَاقِ، كَذَلِكَ الكُفْرُ لاَ يَدُومُ وَلا يَثْبُتُ، وَعَاقِبَتُهُ وَخِيمَةٌ.
كَلِمَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ – كَلِمَةِ الكُفْرِ وَالضَّلاَل.ِ
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 26
26. Almighty Allah gives an example of the word of disbelief and other similar words. It is like an evil tree, such as the colocynth for example, which has no roots in the ground, and whose branches do not grow beyond the surface of the earth. The tree has been uprooted and thrown aside because the roots are too near the surface. This evil tree does not last and its fruit tastes bitter; thus atheism which does not last and become firm. It entails terrible punishment.
{يُثَبِّتُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ بِٱلْقَوْلِ ٱلثَّابِتِ فِي ٱلْحَيَاةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَفِي ٱلآخِرَةِ وَيُضِلُّ ٱللَّهُ ٱلظَّالِمِينَ وَيَفْعَلُ ٱللَّهُ مَا يَشَآءُ}
{آمَنُواْ} {ٱلْحَيَاةِ} {ٱلآخِرَةِ} {ٱلظَّالِمِينَ}
(27) – بَعْدَ أَنْ وَصَفَ اللهُ تَعَالَى الكَلِمَةَ الطَّيِّبَةَ فِيمَا تَقَدَّمَ، أَخْبَرَ عَنْ فَوْزِ أَصْحَابِهَا بِبُغْيَتِهِمْ فِي الدُّنيا وَالآخِرَةِ، فَهُوَ تَعَالَى قَدْ ثَبَّتَهُمْ بِالكَلِمَةِ الطَّيِّبَةِ التِي ذَكَرَهَا اللهُ مُدَّةَ حَيَاتِهِم – إِذَا أَرَادَ أَحَدٌ فِتْنَتَهُمْ وَصَرْفَهُمْ عَنِ الإِيمَانِ – كَمَا يُثَبِّتُهُمْ بَعْدَ المَوْتِ فِي القَبْرِ.
أَمَّا الكُفَّارُ الظَّالِمُونَ، الذِين ظَلَمُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ بِتَبْدِيلِ فِطْرَةِ اللهِ التِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيهَا، وَعَدَمِ اهْتِدَائِهِمْ إِلَى القَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ، فَإِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يُضِلُّهُمْ عَنِ الحَقِّ. وَاللهُ تَعَالَى بِيَدِهِ الهِدَايَةُ وَالضَّلاَلُ.
(وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم: ” إِذَا سُئِلَ المُؤْمِنُ فِي القَبْرِ شَهِدَ أَنْ لاَ إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُ اللهِ، فَذَلِكَ مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {يُثَبِّتُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ بِٱلْقَوْلِ ٱلثَّابِتِ فِي ٱلْحَيَاةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَفِي ٱلآخِرَةِ}. أَمَّا الكَافِرُ فَإِذَا أُدْخِلَ فِي قَبْرِهِ أُقْعِدَ فَقِيلَ لَهُ: مَنْ رَبُّكَ؟ فَلَمْ يَرْجِعْ بِشَيءٍ وَأَنْسَاهُ اللهُ ذِكْرَ ذَلِكَ، وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُ مَنِ الرَّسُولُ الذِي بُعِثَ إِلَيْكُمْ، لَمْ يَهْتَدِ لَهُ، وَلَمْ يَرْجِعْ إِلَيْهِمْ بِشَيءٍ. فَذلِكَ مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَيُضِلُّ الظَّالِمِينَ ” ). (رَوَاهُ البُخَارِيُّ).
فِي الحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيا – وَفِي القََبْرِ عِنْدَ السُّؤَالِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 27
27. After having described the good word, Allah tells of the victory of those who hold to it in this life and in the hereafter. Allah strengthens them with the good word in this life against anyone who should wish to tempt them or turn them away from their faith; He also strengthens them in their graves after death. But the iniquitous unbelievers who wronged themselves by changing the natural disposition for faith with which Allah provided men, and by not being guided to the firm word, Allah will mislead them from the truth. He is capable of guiding and leading astray. (The Prophet said: ‘If a believer is interrogated in the grave, he attests that there is no Allah but Allah and Mohammad (peace be upon him) is His messenger; that is the meaning of “Allah will establish in strength those who believe, with the word that stands firm, in this world and in the hereafter”. As for the unbeliever, when he is lowered to his grave, he is asked: “Who is your God?” He does not reply and Allah makes him forget the answer. If he is asked: “Who is the messenger that was sent to you?” he does not know and does not answer. This is the meaning of Almighty Allah’s “Allah will lead to stray those who do wrong” ’.) (Reported by al-Bukhari.)
{أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ بَدَّلُواْ نِعْمَتَ ٱللَّهِ كُفْراً وَأَحَلُّواْ قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ ٱلْبَوَارِ}
{نِعْمَةَ}
(28) – أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ وَتَعْجَبْ مِنْ قَوْمٍ أَتَتْهُمْ نِعْمَةُ اللهِ فَكَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَشْكُرُوهَا وَيُقَدِّرُوهَا، وَلَكِنَّهُمْ غَمَطُوهَا، وَكَفَرُوا بِهَا وَجَحَدُوهَا، كَأَهْلِ مَكَّةَ الذِينَ أَسكَنَهُمُ اللهُ حَرَماً آمِناً تُجْبَى إِليهِ ثَمَرَاتُ كُلِّ شَيءٍ، وَجَعَلَهُمْ سَدَنَةَ بَيْتِهِ، وَشَرَّفَهُمْ بِإِرْسَالِ نَبِيٍّ مِنْهُم، فَكَفَرُوا بِتِلْكَ النِّعْمَةِ، فَأَصَابَهُمُ الجَدْبُ وَالقَحْطُ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ، وَأُسِرُوا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ سَبْعُونَ رَجُلاً مِنْ سَرَاتِهِمْ وَقَادَتِهِمْ… وَأَحَلُّوا الذِينَ شَايَعُوهُمْ عَلَى كُفْرِهِمْ دَارَ الهَلاَكِ (دَارَ البَوَارِ).
دَارَ البَوَارِ – دَارَ الهَلاكِ وَهِيَ جَهَنَّمُ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 28
28. Have you not seen and wondered about those who have witnessed the favours of Allah and instead of being grateful and appreciating them, they despised them, denied them and were ungrateful like the inhabitants of Makkah which collects the fruits of all things. He made them the keepers of the Kaaba and honoured them by sending them a Prophet chosen from among them. They denied these blessings and were overtaken as a result by famine for seven years and were captured on the day of Badr where seventy of their most prominent leaders were killed. They installed those who followed them in disbelief in the dwelling place of destruction (hell).
{جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهَا وَبِئْسَ ٱلْقَرَارُ}
(29) – وَدَارُ البَوَارِ هِيَ جَهَنَّمُ يُلْقَوْنَ فِيهَا لِيُقَاسُوا حَرَّهَا. وَيَبْقَونَ فِيهَا خَالِدِينَ أَبَداً، وَبِئْسَ المَقَامُ وَالمُسْتَقَرُّ.
يَصْلَوْنَهَا – يَدْخُلُونَهَا، أَوْ يُقَاسُونَ حَرَّهَا.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 29
29. The house of perdition is Hell where they will be thrown to suffer from its heat. In it they will remain eternally. What a miserable place!
{وَجَعَلُواْ لِلَّهِ أَندَاداً لِّيُضِلُّواْ عَن سَبِيلِهِ قُلْ تَمَتَّعُواْ فَإِنَّ مَصِيرَكُمْ إِلَى ٱلنَّارِ}
(30) – وَجَعَلُو للهِ شُرَكاَءَ (أَنْدَاداً) عَبَدُوهُمْ مَعَهُ، وَدَعُوا النَّاسَ إِلَى عِبَادَتِهِمْ، لِيَصْرِفُوهُمْ عَنِ سَبِيلِ اللهِ القَوِيمِ، فَقُلْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ لِهَؤلاءِ المُشْرِكِينَ الذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةِ اللهِ كُفْراً، وَجَعَلُو للهِ أَنْدَاداً، وَصَدُّوا النَّاسَ عَنِ اتِّبَاعِ دِينِهِ الحَنِيفِ: اسْتَمْتِعُوا فِي الدُّنيا، قَدرَ مَا تَسْتَطِيعُونَ وَافْعَلُوا مَا يُمْكِنُكُمْ فِعْلُهُ، فَإِنَّ أَعْمَالَكُمْ هذِهِ سَتُورِدُكُمْ مَوَارِدَ الهَلاَكِ، وَسَيَكُونُ مَصِيرُكُمْ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ جَزَاءً وِفَاقاً.
أَنْدَاداً – أَمْثَالاً مِنَ الأَوْثَانِ يَعْبُدُونَهَا.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 30
30. And they have given Allah associates that they worship with Him. They called people to worship them so as to turn them away from the straight path of Allah. Tell those unbelievers, O Mohammad, who have exchanged Allah’s favours for disbelief, attributed equals to Allah and prevented people from worshipping Allah’s original religion: ‘Enjoy yourselves as much as you can in this life, and do what you can do. Your deeds will lead you to perdition and you will abide in hell, a suitable punishment for you.’
{قُل لِّعِبَادِيَ ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ يُقِيمُواْ ٱلصَّلاَةَ وَيُنْفِقُواْ مِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ سِرّاً وَعَلانِيَةً مِّن قَبْلِ أَن يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ لاَّ بَيْعٌ فِيهِ وَلاَ خِلاَلٌ}
{آمَنُواْ} {ٱلصَّلاَةَ} {رَزَقْنَاهُمْ} {خِلاَلٌ}
(31) – يَأْمُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى عِبَادَهُ بِطَاعَتِهِ، وَالقِيَامِ بِحَقِّهِ، وَالإِحْسَانِ إِلَى خَلْقِهِ، وَذلِكَ بِأَنْ يُقِيمُوا الصَّلاَةَ وَيُتِمُّوهَا بِرُكُوعِها وَسُجُودِهَا وَخُشُوعِها، وَبِأَنْ يُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا رَزَقَهُمُ اللهِ بِأَدَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ، وَالإِنْفَاقِ عَلَى الأَقْرِبَاءِ، وَالإِحْسَانِ إِلى غَيْرِ الأَقَارِبِ فِي السِّرِّ وَالعَلَنِ، وَيَحُثُّهُمْ عَلَى المُبَادَرَةِ إِلى ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ يَوْمِ القِيَامَةِ، وَهُوَ يَوْمٌ لاَ بَيْعٌ فِيهِ، وَلاَ يُقْبَلُ مِنْ أَحَدٍ فِدْيَةٌ يَفْتَدِي بِها مِنَ العَذابِ، وَلاَ تَنْفَعُ الإِنْسَانَ صَدَاقَةُ صَدِيقٍ، وَلا شَفَاعَةُ شَفِيعٍ.
لاَ خِلاَلٌ – لاَ مُخَالَّةٌ وَلاَ مَوَادَّةٌ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 31
31. Allah orders His servants to obey Him, to worship Him and be kind to His creatures, to perform regular prayers by kneeling and prostrating themselves piously, and to spend from what Allah has bestowed upon them by giving alms, seeing to the needs of poor relatives, and being charitable to those who are not related to them, secretly and openly. He incites them to do this before Judgement Day when one can neither bargain or ransom oneself to be spared punishment, and where no friendship or intercession will be useful.
{ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلأَرْضَ وَأَنزَلَ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءً فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ ٱلثَّمَرَاتِ رِزْقاً لَّكُمْ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ ٱلْفُلْكَ لِتَجْرِيَ فِي ٱلْبَحْرِ بِأَمْرِهِ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ ٱلأَنْهَارَ}
{ٱلسَّمَاوَاتِ} {ٱلثَّمَرَاتِ} {ٱلأَنْهَارَ}
(32) – يَلْفِتُ اللهُ تَعَالَى نَظَرَ الخَلْقِ إِلَى الأَدِلَّةِ المَنْصُوبَةِ فِي الأَنْفُسِ وَالآفَاقِ التِي تُوجِبُ عَلَى العِبَادِ المُثَابَرَةَ عَلَى شُكْرِهِ، وَدَوَامِ طَاعَتِهِ، وَيُعَدِّدُ النِّعَمَ العَظِيمَةَ التِي أَغْدَقَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ لِيَكُونَ فِي ذلِكَ حَثٌّ لَهُمْ عَلَى التَّدَبُّرِ وَالتَّفَكُّرِ، فِيمَا يَأْتُونَ، وَفِيمَا يَذَرونَ، فَقَالَ تَعَالَى: إِنَّهُ خَلَقَ لَهُمُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرضَ، وَخَلْقُهُمَا أَعْظَمُ مِنْ خَلْقِ الإِنْسَانِ، وَأَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَطَراً فَأَحْيَا بِهِ الأَرْضَ، وَأَخْرَجَ الزرُوعَ وَالثِّمَارَ مُخْتَلِفَةَ الأَلْوَانِ وَالأَشْكَالِ، وَالطُّعُومِ وَالمَنَافِعِ، وَسَخَّرَ السُّفُنَ وَالمَرَاكِبَ (الفُلْكَ) لِمَنْفَعَةِ الإِنْسَانِ، وَجَعَلَهَا طَافِيَةً عَلَى سَطْحِ المَاءِ، وَسَخَّرَ البَحْرَ لِحَمْلِها لِتَسْهِيلِ انْتِقَالِ النَّاسِ فِيهَا، وَسَخَّرَ الأَنْهَارَ تَشُقُّ الأَرْضَ مِنْ قٌطْرٍ إِلى قُطْرٍ، فَيَشْرَبُ مِنْهَا النَّاسُ وَالأَنْعَامُ، وَتُسْقَى الزُّرُوعُ مِنْهَا، وَتَجْرِي فِيهَا المَرَاكِبُ، وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ فِيهِ رِزْقٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلْعِبَادِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 32
32. Allah draws the attention of His creatures to the proofs which reside in the souls and in the universe and which demand the perseverance of men in their thanking Allah and constantly obeying Him. Allah enumerates the great blessings which He showered on mankind so as to incite them to reflect on and consider what they do and what they leave undone. He says that He created heavens and the earth for them, which is more difficult to create than man. He sent rain from the sky to revive the land; and He made grow plants and fruits of different colours, shape and taste and benefit; He placed ships and boats at the service of man and made them float on water. He created the rivers which cleave the earth from one end to the other, and flow across the lands, for men and cattle to drink from, and also to irrigate vegetation and carry boats. In all this resides favours and benefits for man.
{وَسَخَّر لَكُمُ ٱلشَّمْسَ وَٱلْقَمَرَ دَآئِبَينَ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ ٱلَّيلَ وَٱلنَّهَارَ}
{دَآئِبَينَ} {ٱلْلَّيْلَ}
(33) – وَسَخَّرَ لِلنَّاسِ الشَّمْسَ وَالقَمَرَ، يَسِيرَانِ دَائِمَيْ الحَرَكَةِ (دَائِبَيْنِ)، لاَ يَفْتُرَانِ، لَيْلاً وَلاَ نَهَاراً، وَسَخَّرَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ يَتَعَاقَبَانِ، وَيَتَفَاوَتَانِ طُولاً وَقِصَراً، وَجَعَلَ اللَّيْلَ سَكَناً، وَالنَّهَارَ مَعَاشاً لَهُمْ.
دَائِبَيْنِ – دَائِمَيْنِ فِي حَرَكَتِهِمَا وَمَنَافِعِهِمَا لَكُمْ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 33
33. Allah has put the sun and the moon at the service of man, both moving perpetually and incessantly, day and night, in succession, and differing in length and shortness. He made the night for solitude and the day for the pursuit of the activities of life.
{وَآتَاكُم مِّن كُلِّ مَا سَأَلْتُمُوهُ وَإِن تَعُدُّواْ نِعْمَتَ ٱللَّهِ لاَ تُحْصُوهَا إِنَّ ٱلإنْسَانَ لَظَلُومٌ كَفَّارٌ}
{وَآتَاكُم} {نِعْمَتَ} {ٱلإنْسَانَ}
(34) – وَهَيَّأَ لَكُمْ مَا تَحْتَاجُونَ إِلَيْهِ، فِي جَمِيعِ أَحْوَالِكُمْ، مِمَّا تَسْأَلُونَهُ بِلِسَانِكُمْ، وَبِلِسَانِ حَالِكُمْ، وَنِعَمُ اللهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ لاَ تُعَدُّ وَلاَ تُحْصَى، وَالإِنْسَانُ عَاجِزٌ عَنْ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ الشُّكْرَ للهِ عَلَى مَا أَنْعَمَ عَلَيهِ بِهِ. وَبَدَلاً مِنْ أَن يَقُومَ الإِنْسَانُ بِشُكْرِ اللهِ عَلَى نِعَمِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ يَكْفُر هذِهِ النِّعَمَ، وَقَدْ يَشْكُرُ عَلَى هَذِهِ النِّعَمِ غَيْرَ مَنْ تَفَضَّلَ بِالإِنْعَامِ بِهَا عَلَيْهِ كَالأَصْنَامِ وَالأَنْدَادِ، فَهُوَ ظَلُومٌ كَثِيرُ الكُفْرَانِ لِلنِّعْمَةِ.
(وَكَانَ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ: ” اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ الحَمْدُ غَيْرَ مَكْفِيٍّ وَلا مُوَدَّعٍ وَلا مُسْتَغْنىً عَنْهُ رَبنا ” ). (رَوَاهُ البُخَارِيُّ).
لاَ تُحْصُوهَا – لاَ تُطِيقُوا عَدَّهَا لِعَدَمِ تَنَاهِيهَا.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 34
34. Allah has procured for you what you need, under all circumstances, that which you ask for explicitly and that which you wish for. Allah’s blessings on men are uncountable and infinite. Man is unable to repay Allah for all the favours that Allah bestowed on him. Yet instead of thanking Allah for His blessings, man shows himself ungrateful. He could even thank the idols and statues for these blessings although they did not favour him with them. Man is profoundly iniquitous and ungrateful. The Prophet (peace be upon them) used to say: ‘Glory to You, O Lord! We cannot thank you enough. You are indispensable.’ (Reported by al-Bukhari.)
{وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ ٱجْعَلْ هَـٰذَا ٱلْبَلَدَ ءَامِناً وَٱجْنُبْنِي وَبَنِيَّ أَن نَّعْبُدَ ٱلأَصْنَامَ}
{إِبْرَاهِيمُ} {آمِناً}
(35) – وَاذْكُرْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ لِقَوْمِكَ، وَأَنْتَ تَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى اللهِ، خَبَرَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ، إِذْ دَعَا رَبَّهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ مَكَّةَ بَلَداً آمِناً فَاسْتَجَابَ لَهُ رَبُّهُ فَجَعَلَهَا بَلَداً حَراماً آمِناً لاَ يُسْفَكُ فِيهَا دَمٌ، وَلاَ يُظْلَمُ فِيهَا أَحَدٌ {أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْاْ أَنَّا جَعَلْنَا حَرَماً آمِناً} كَمَا دَعَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبَّهُ أَنْ يُجَنِّبَهُ، وَيُجَنِّبَ بَنِيهِ، عِبَادَةَ الأَصْنَامِ، وَأَنْ يُثَبِّتَهُمْ عَلَى التَّوْحِيدِ وَمِلَّةِ الإِسْلاَمِ.
اجْنُبْنِي – أَبْعِدْنِي وَنَحِّنِي.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 35
35. Mention to your people, O Mohammad, as you call them to Allah the story of Abraham who prayed to Allah to render Makkah a safe and secure place. Allah answered his prayers and made Makkah a town of peace and security where no blood was shed and no injustice was done (‘Do they not see that We have assured for them an inviolable land?’ See chapter 29- Al-Ankabut (The Spider), 67). Abraham also asked Allah to preserve him and his sons from worshipping the idols and to strengthen them in their monotheism and in the cult of surrender (Islam).
{رَبِّ إِنَّهُنَّ أَضْلَلْنَ كَثِيراً مِّنَ ٱلنَّاسِ فَمَن تَبِعَنِي فَإِنَّهُ مِنِّي وَمَنْ عَصَانِي فَإِنَّكَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ}
(36) – فَقَدْ أَضَلَّتْ هذِهِ الأَصْنَامُ كَثيراً مِنَ النَّاسِ افْتَتنُوا بِهَا فَعَبَدُوهَا، وَتَبَرَّأَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ مِمَّنْ عَبَدَ الأَصْنَامَ وَقَالَ: إِنَّ مَنْ تَبِعَهُ مِنْ ذُرْيَّتِهِ عَلَى دِينِهِ، وَأَخْلَصَ العَمَلَ وَالعِبَادَةَ للهِ، فَهُوْ مِنْ أَهْلِ دِينِهِ. أَمَّا العُصَاةُ الذِينَ يُخَالِفُونَهُ، وَيَعْبُدُونَ الأَصْنَامَ، فَقَدْ رَدَّ إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ، أَمْرَهُمْ إِلى مَشِيئَةِ اللهِ، إِنْ شَاءَ عَذَّبَهُمْ، وَإٍِنْ شَاءَ غَفَرَ لَهُمْ، وَاللهُ تَعَالَى هُوَ الغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 36
36. These idols have mislead many people who were tempted by them and worshipped them. Abraham(peace be upon them) washed his hands of those who worshipped idols, and said that all those of his descendants who adopted his religion and were sincere in their deeds and in the worship of Allah were among his followers. But as for those transgressors who disobeyed and worshipped idols, Abraham turned over their affairs to the will of Allah: He would do as He pleased with them, either forgive or punish them, for He is the all-forgiving and merciful.
{رَّبَّنَآ إِنَّيۤ أَسْكَنتُ مِن ذُرِّيَّتِي بِوَادٍ غَيْرِ ذِي زَرْعٍ عِندَ بَيْتِكَ ٱلْمُحَرَّمِ رَبَّنَا لِيُقِيمُواْ ٱلصَّلاَةَ فَٱجْعَلْ أَفْئِدَةً مِّنَ ٱلنَّاسِ تَهْوِىۤ إِلَيْهِمْ وَٱرْزُقْهُمْ مِّنَ ٱلثَّمَرَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَشْكُرُونَ}
{ٱلصَّلاَةَ} {ٱلثَّمَرَاتِ}
(37) – وَدَعَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ، رَبَّهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ أَقَامَ البَيْتَ الحَرَامَ (الكَعْبَةَ)، فَقَالَ: رَبِّ إِنَّنِي أَسْكَنْتُ أُناساً مِنْ أَبْنَائِي وَذُرِّيَتِي بِهذا الوَادِي الذِي لاَ زَرْعَ فِيهِ، عِنْدَ بَيْتَكَ الحَرَامِ، الذِي أَمَرْتَنِي بِإِقَامَتِهِ فَأَقَمْتُهُ، وَقَدْ جَعَلْتَهُ مُحَرَّماً لِيَتَمَكَّنَ أَهْلُهُ مِنْ إِقَامَةِ الصَّلاةِ عِنْدَهُ، فَاجْعَلْ جَمَاعَاتٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ تَأْتِي إِلَيْهِمْ (أَفْئِدَةً مِنَ النَّاسِ تَهْوِي إِلَيْهِمْ)، وَمَعَهُمُ الأَرْزَاقُ وَالمِيرَةُ وَالثَّمَرَاتُ لِيَأْكُلوا مِنْهَا، وَلِيَكُونَ ذَلِكَ عَوْناً لَهُمْ عَلَى طَاعِتكَ وَشُكْرِكَ.
وَقدِ اسْتَجَابَ اللهُ تَعَالَى لِدُعَاءِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ، فَفَرَضَ عَلَى النَّاسِ الحَجَّ إِلَى البَيْتِ الحَرَامِ، وَأَلْهَمَهُمُ القِيَامَ بِذَلِكَ وَقَالَ تَعَالَى{أَوَلَمْ نُمَكِّن لَّهُمْ حَرَماً آمِناً يُجْبَىٰ إِلَيْهِ ثَمَرَاتُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ رِّزْقاً مِّن لَّدُنَّا} تَهْوِي إِلَيْهِمْ – تُسْرِعُ إِلَيْهِمْ شَوْقاً وَوِدَاداً…
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 37
37. After having instituted the Kaaba, Abraham (peace be upon them) prayed to Allah saying: ‘O Allah, I have established some of my sons and offspring in this valley beside Your sacred house which You ordered me to establish and where there is no cultivation. I have made it sacred so that those who live there can perform their prayers. So let people flock to them with nourishment, fruits and provisions to enable them to eat to help them obey You and thank You.’ Allah Almighty answered Abraham’s prayers and instituted the Haj, or the pilgrimage, to the Kaaba and inspired them to carry out a pilgrimage to the Kaaba. Allah said: ‘Have We not established for them a secure sanctuary, to which are brought as tribute fruits of all kinds, a provision from Ourselves?’ (See chapter 28- Qasas (The Narration), 57.
{رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ تَعْلَمُ مَا نُخْفِي وَمَا نُعْلِنُ وَمَا يَخْفَىٰ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ مِن شَيْءٍ فَي ٱلأَرْضِ وَلاَ فِي ٱلسَّمَآءِ}
(38) – وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ، مُتَابِعاً دُعَاءَهُ: رَبَّنا أَنْتَ تَعْلَمُ قَصْدِي فِي دُعَائِي، وَمَا أَرَدْتُ بِدُعَائِي لأَِهْلِ هَذَا البَلَدِ، وَأَنَّهُ القَصْدُ إِلى رِضَاكَ، وَالإِخْلاصُ لَكَ، فَأَنْتَ تَعْلَمُ الأَشْيَاءَ كُلَّهَا ظَاهِرَهَا وَبَاطِنَهَا، وَلا يَخْفَى عَلَيْكَ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ فِي الأَرْضِ وَلا فِي السَّمَاءِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 38
38. Abraham resumed his prayers and said: ‘O Allah, You know the purpose of my prayers and what I hoped to obtain by them for the inhabitants of this land; You also know that they are a means of obtaining Your pleasure and of worshipping You. You know all things, both what is apparent and what is concealed.’
{ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ ٱلَّذِي وَهَبَ لِي عَلَى ٱلْكِبَرِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ إِنَّ رَبِّي لَسَمِيعُ ٱلدُّعَآءِ}
{إِسْمَاعِيلَ} {وَإِسْحَاقَ}
(39) – وَحَمدَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبَّهُ عَلَى مَا رَزَقَهُ مِنَ الوَلَدِ – إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ – بَعْدَ أَنْ عَلاَهُ الكِبَرُ، وَآيسَ مِنَ الوَلَدِ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّ اللهَ يَسْتَجِيبُ لِدُعَاءِ مَنْ دَعَاهُ مُخْلِصاً، وَلَقَدِ اسْتَجَابَ لِي فِيمَا سَأَلْتُهُ مِنَ الوَلَدِ، وَفِيمَا سَأَلْتُهُ مِنْ جَعْلِ هَذا البَلَدِ حَرَماً آمناً، وَفِيمَا سَأَلْتُهُ مِنْ أَنْ يُجَنِّبنِي وَبَنِيَّ عِبَادَةَ الأَصْنَامِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 39
39. Then Abraham praised Allah for granting him, in his old age, Ishmael and Isaac, after he had lost all hope of offspring. He said: ‘Allah answers the prayers of those who are sincere and He has answered my prayers for a son, and for making this country safe for all; He prevented my sons and me from worshipping idols.’
{رَبِّ ٱجْعَلْنِي مُقِيمَ ٱلصَّلاَةِ وَمِن ذُرِّيَتِي رَبَّنَا وَتَقَبَّلْ دُعَآءِ}
{ٱلصَّلاَةِ}
(40) – رَبِّ اجْعَلْنِي مُحَافِظاً عَلَى الصَّلاَةِ، مُقِيماً لِحُدُودِهَا، كَمَا فَرَضْتَهَا عَلَيَّ، وَاجْعَلْ ذُرِّيَتِي كَذلِكَ مُقِيمِينَ لِلصَّلاَةِ، رَبَّنَا وَتَقَبَّلْ دُعَائِي فِيمَا سَأَلْتُكَ فِيهِ.
(وَقَدْ خَصَّ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الصَّلاةَ مِنْ بَيْنِ الفَرَائِضِ الأُخْرَى لأَِنَّها العُنْوَانُ الذِي يَمْتَازُ بِهِ المُؤْمِنُ عَنْ غَيْرِ المُؤْمِنِ).
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 40
40. My Lord! help my family and me to observe prayers and to perform them regularly as prescribed by You. Make my offspring also perform their prayers and accept my invocation and grant my wish. (Abraham specified prayers in particular, of all the other prescriptions in religion, because prayers are what distinguishes believers from unbelievers).
{رَبَّنَا ٱغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَوْمَ يَقُومُ ٱلْحِسَابُ}
{وَلِوَالِدَيَّ}
(41) – وَدَعَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبَّهُ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ لَهُ مَا فَرَطَ مِنْهُ مِنْ ذُنُوبٍ، وَلِوَالِدَيْهِ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنينَ كُلِّهِمْ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ، يَوْمَ يُحَاسِبُ اللهُ الخَلائِقَ، فَيُجَازِي كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ عَلَى عَمَلِهِ.
(وَكَانَ هذا الدُّعَاءُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَبَرَّأَ إِبْراهِيمُ مِنْ أَبِيهِ، لَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ أَنَّهُ عَدُوٌّ للهِ).
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 41
41. Abraham prayed to his Lord to forgive the sins he had committed as well as those of his parents and all believers on Judgement Day when Allah judges His creatures and rewards each according to his deeds. (Abraham made this invocation before he had disavowed his father for being an enemy of Allah).
{وَلاَ تَحْسَبَنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَافِلاً عَمَّا يَعْمَلُ ٱلظَّالِمُونَ إِنَّمَا يُؤَخِّرُهُمْ لِيَوْمٍ تَشْخَصُ فِيهِ ٱلأَبْصَارُ}
{غَافِلاً} {ٱلظَّالِمُونَ} {ٱلأَبْصَارُ}
(42) – وَلاَ تَحْسَبَنَّ، يَا مُحَمَّدُ، اللهَ غَافِلاً عَمَّا يَفْعَلُهُ الظَّالِمُونَ مِنْ مُحَارَبَةِ الإِسْلامِ وَأَهْلِهِ، وَإِذَا كَانَ قَدْ أَنْظَرَهُمْ وَأَجَّلَهُمْ فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يُحْصِي عَلَيْهِمْ أَعْمَالَهُمْ، وَيُؤَخِّرُ إِنْزَالَ عِقَابِهِ بِهِمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ القِيَامَةِ، وَهُوَ يَوْمٌ شَدِيدُ الهَوْلِ، تَشْخَصُ فِيهِ الأَبْصَارُ مِنْ شِدَّةِ الفَزَعِ وَالرُّعْبِ.
تَشْخَصُ فِيهِ الأَبْصَارُ – تَرْتَفِعُ الأَبْصَارُ وَتَبْقَى مَفْتُوحَةً مِنَ الهَوْلِ وَالفَزَعِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 42
42. Do not think, O Mohammad, that Allah is indifferent to the deeds of those wrongdoers who are hostile to Islam and its followers. If Allah accords them respite and delays their punishment, it is because He numbers their deeds and postpones His punishment until Judgement Day, a terrible day when all eyes will stare fixedly in horror and fear.
{مُهْطِعِينَ مُقْنِعِي رُءُوسِهِمْ لاَ يَرْتَدُّ إِلَيْهِمْ طَرْفُهُمْ وَأَفْئِدَتُهُمْ هَوَآءٌ}
(43) – ثُمَّ يَصِفُ اللهُ تَعَالَى هؤُلاءِ المُشْرِكِينَ حَالَ قِيَامِهِمْ مِنْ قُبُورِهِمْ يَوْمَ الحَشْرِ، فَيَقُولُ: إِنَّهُمْ يَخْرُجُونَ مُسْرِعِينَ (مُهْطِعِينَ) فِي مَشْيِهِمْ، وَقَدْ رَفَعُوا رُؤوسَهُمْ إِلى الأَعْلَى (مُقْنِعِي رُؤُوسِهِمْ) وَأَبْصَارُهُمْ شَاخِصَةٌ مُدِيمَةُ النَّظَرِ، لاَ تَطْرَفُ عُيُونُهُمْ، وَلا يَرْتَدُّ إِلَيْهِمْ طَرْفهُمْ، لِشِدَّةِ خَوْفِهِمْ، مِمَّا يُعَايِنُونَهُ مِنَ الأَهْوَالِ، وَقلُوبُهُمْ خَاوِيَةٌ خَالِيَةٌ لَيْسَ فِيهَا شَيءٌ لِشِدَّةِ مَا هُمْ فِيهِ مِنَ الخَوْفِ وَالرُّعْبِ، وَلاَ تَعِي شَيْئاً.
مُهْطِعِينَ – مُسْرِعِي المَشْيِ إِلَى الدَّاعِي بِذِلَّةٍ.
مُقْنِعِي رُؤُوسِهِمْ – رَافِعِي رُؤُوسِهِمْ مُدِيمِي النَّظَرِ إِلى الأَمَامِ.
أَفْئِدَتُهُمْ هَوَاءٌ – قُلُوبُهُمْ خَالِيَةٌ لاَ تَعِي لِفَرْطِ الحَيرَةِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 43
43. Allah then describes the unbelievers when they rise from their graves on the last day. He says that they will leave their graves walking quickly, heads up, eyes staring fixedly, unable to blink or to turn their eyes due to their fear of the horror they undergo. Their hearts will be desolate and empty, unable to understand anything for fear and terror.
{وَأَنذِرِ ٱلنَّاسَ يَوْمَ يَأْتِيهِمُ ٱلْعَذَابُ فَيَقُولُ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوۤاْ رَبَّنَآ أَخِّرْنَآ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ قَرِيبٍ نُّجِبْ دَعْوَتَكَ وَنَتَّبِعِ ٱلرُّسُلَ أَوَلَمْ تَكُونُوۤاْ أَقْسَمْتُمْ مِّن قَبْلُ مَا لَكُمْ مِّن زَوَالٍ}
(44) – خَوِّفْ أَيُّها الرَّسُولُ هؤُلاءِ الظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ هَوْلِ يَوْمِ القِيَامَةِ وَشَدَّتِهِ، إِذْ يَقُولُونَ حِينَ يَرَوْنَ العَذَابَ: رَبَّنا آخِّرْنا إِلَى مُدَّةٍ قَرِيبَةٍ نُجِبْ دَعْوَتَكَ، وَنُؤْمِنْ بِكَ، وَبِكُتُبِكَ وَرُسُلِكَ.
وَيَرُدُّ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِمْ قَائِلاً: لَقَدْ كُنْتُمْ أَقْسَمْتُمْ، وَأَنْتُمْ فِي الحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيا، أَنَّهُ لاَ زَوَالَ لَكُمْ مِمَّا أَنْتُمْ فِيهِ، وَأَنَّهُ لاَ حَشْرَ وَلاَ مَعَادَ وَلا حِسَابَ؟ فَذُوقُوا هَذَا العَذَابِ بِذَاكَ الكُفْرِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 44
44. Allah asks His messenger to warn the unbelievers about the terrors of Judgement Day. When they see the torments they will say: ‘O Allah, grant us a short respite and we will obey Your call and believe in Your messengers and Your books. Allah replies: ‘You had sworn before during your existence on earth that your power would not decline and that there would not be any resurrection, return to Allah or settling of accounts. Therefore, taste this punishment for that disbelief.’
{وَسَكَنتُمْ فِي مَسَـٰكِنِ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوۤاْ أَنفُسَهُمْ وَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمْ كَيْفَ فَعَلْنَا بِهِمْ وَضَرَبْنَا لَكُمُ ٱلأَمْثَالَ}
{مَسَـٰكِنِ}
(45) – وَقَدْ بَلَغَكُمْ مَا أََنْزَلْنَاهُ مِنَ العِقَابِ الشَّدِيدِ بِالأُمَمِ المُتَقَدِّمَةِ التِي كَذَّبَتْ رُسُلَهَا، وَضَرَبْنَا لَكُمُ الأَمْثَالَ بِهِمْ، وَسَكَنْتُمْ فِي مَسَاكِن هؤُلاءِ المِكَذِّبِينَ، وَلَمْ تَعْتَبِرُوا، وَلَمْ تَزْدَجِرُوا عَمَّا أَنْتُمْ فِيهِ مِنَ الكُفْرِ وَالظُّلْمِ، وَالآنَ تَسْأَلُونَ التَّأخِيرَ لِلتَّوْبَةِ حِينَ نَزَلَ بِكُمُ العَذَابُ، فَهَيْهَاتَ هَيْهَاتَ لَقَدْ فَاتَ الأَوَانُ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 45
45. You have been notified of the severe punishment that We have inflicted on earlier nations who belied their messengers. We have given you examples of these nations; you have dwelt in the homes of those deniers, yet you did not draw a lesson but persisted in your disbelief and impiety. Now that punishment has befallen you, you request that I give you respite to enable you to repent; alas, it is too late.
{وَقَدْ مَكَرُواْ مَكْرَهُمْ وَعِندَ ٱللَّهِ مَكْرُهُمْ وَإِن كَانَ مَكْرُهُمْ لِتَزُولَ مِنْهُ ٱلْجِبَالُ}
(46) – فِي تَفْسِيرِ هذِه ِالآيَةِ قَوْلاَنِ:
الأَوَّلُ – إِنَّ الذِي فَعَلُوهُ بِأَنْفَسِهِمْ مِنْ شِرْكٍ بِاللهِ، وَكُفْرٍ بِآيَاتِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ، مَا ضَرَّ الجِبَالَ شَيْئاً، وَلاَ أَثَّرَ فِيها. وَآيَاتُ اللهِ وَشَرْعُهُ وَدِينُهُ هِيَ كَالجِبَالِ الرَّاسِيَاتِ رُسُوخاً وَثَبَاتاً، وَلِذلِكَ فَلَنْ يُؤْثِّرَ فِيهَا مَكْرُهُمْ شَيْئاً لِتَفَاهَتِهِ، وَضَعْفِ أَثَرِهِ. وَقَدِ اسْتُعْمِلَتْ (إِن) بِمَعْنَى (مَا).
وَالثَّانِي – إِنَّ مَكْرَهُمْ وَكُفْرَهُمْ تَكَادُ الجِبَالُ لِتَزُول مِنْهُ لِدِقَّةِ تَدْبِيِرِهِ، وَقُوَّةِ إِحْكَامِهِ، أَوْ لِضَخَامَةِ مَا فِيهِ مِنْ كُفْرٍ وَعُتُوٍّ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى:{تَكَادُ ٱلسَّمَاوَاتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِنْهُ وَتَنشَقُّ ٱلأَرْضُ وَتَخِرُّ ٱلْجِبَالُ هَدّاً أَن دَعَوْا لِلرَّحْمَـٰنِ وَلَداً}
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 46
46. This verse was interpreted in two ways:
– What the unbelievers did to themselves in disbelieving in Allah and His verses and messengers, did not harm or affect the mountains in any way; for Allah’s verses, His laws and religion are like firmly-anchored mountains. Therefore, their plots, being weak and trivial did not have any effect on them. ‘In’ here is used, like ‘ma’, as a negative and not in the sense of the conjunction ‘if’.
– The force of their plots and disbelief almost caused the mountains to disappear, so meticulous and sound were these plots, or so great was the denial and insolence of the unbelievers. Allah said in another verse: ‘At it the skies are ready to burst, the earth to split asunder and the mountains to fall down in utter ruin, that they should invoke a son for Allah, the most gracious.’ (See chapter 19- Maryam (Mary), 90-91.)
{فَلاَ تَحْسَبَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مُخْلِفَ وَعْدِهِ رُسُلَهُ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ ذُو ٱنْتِقَامٍ}
(47) – يَقُولُ تَعَالَى: إِنَّهُ وَعَدَ رُسُلَهُ بِالنَّصْرِ فِي الحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيا وَفِي الآخِرَةِ؛ وَيَقُولُ تَعَالَى لِرَسُولِهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم: إِنَّ اللهَ لَنْ يُخْلِفَ وَعْدَهُ لِرُسُلِهِ، وَإِنَّهُ سَيَنْصُرُهُمْ، وَاللهُ تَعَالَى لاَ يُغَالَبُ، وَلاَ يَمْتَنِعُ عَلَيهِ شَيءٌ أَرَادَهُ، وَإِنَّهُ سَيَنْصُرُهُ، وَهُوَ ذُو انْتِقَامٍ مِمَّنْ كَفَرَ بِهِ وَجَحَدَ بِآيَاتِهِ.
(وَهذا خِطَابٌ لِلرَّسُولِ يُقْصَدُ مِنْهُ تَثْبِيتُ أُمَّتِهِ عَلَى ثِقَتِهِمْ بِوَعْدِ اللهِ، وَبِأَنَّهُ سَيُنْزِلُ عِقَابَهُ بِالظَّالِمِينَ).
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 47
47. Almighty Allah says that He promised His messengers victory in this here life and in the hereafter. He says to His messenger: ‘Allah does not fail in His promise to His messengers. He will champion them. Allah is invincible and nothing can oppose His wish. He will give you victory. He is all-powerful in His vengeance against whoever disbelieves in Him and denies His signs.’ (These words are addressed to the prophet with the purpose of strengthening his people in their trust in Allah and in the belief that He will inflict punishment on the wrong-doers.)
{يَوْمَ تُبَدَّلُ ٱلأَرْضُ غَيْرَ ٱلأَرْضِ وَٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتُ وَبَرَزُواْ لِلَّهِ ٱلْوَاحِدِ الْقَهَّارِ}
{ٱلسَّمَاوَاتُ} {ٱلْوَاحِدِ}
(48) – وَيَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ تُبَدَّلُ الأَرْضُ فَتُصْبحُ غَيْرَ الأَرْضِ التِي يَعْرِفُهَا البَشَرُ، وَتُبَدَّلُ السَّمَاءُ فَتُصْبِحُ غَيْرَ السَّمَاءِ التِي يَرَوْنَهَا. وَتَخْرُجُ الخَلائِقُ جَمِيعاً مِنَ القُبُورِ، وَيُسَاقُونَ لِيَقِفُوا أَمَامَ اللهِ الوَاحِدِ القَهَّارِ، الذِي قَهَرَ كُلَّ شَيءٍ، وَدَانَتْ لَهُ الرِّقَابُ، وَخَضَعَتْ لَهُ الأَلْبَابُ، فَلاَ مُغِيْثَ لأَِحَدٍ، وَلاَ مُجِيرَ لَهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ اللهِ.
(وَفِي الحَدِيثِ: ” يُبَدِّلُ اللهُ الأَرْضَ غَيْرَ الأَرْضِ فَيَبْسُطُهَا وَيَمُدُّهَا مَدَّ الأَدِيمِ العُكَاظِيِّ، فَلاَ تَرَى عِوَجاً وَلاَ أَمْتاً ” ).
بَرَزُوا للهِ – خَرَجُوا مِنَ القُبُورِ إِلى الحِسَابِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 48
48. On Judgement Day, the earth will change and be transformed into something other than the earth which human beings know. The sky will also be transformed into a different sky than they see. All creatures will leave their graves and be marshaled to appear before Allah, the One and the all-powerful, Who defeated everything and Who is Master of all things and to Whom all souls submit. There will be no helper or saviour from the punishment of Allah. (The Prophet (peace be upon him) says: ‘Allah changes the earth into something other than the earth. He will flatten and stretch it like a parchment from Okadh (on which were composed the ten most beautiful poems recited during that commercial and literary event) until no bends or irregularities are seen’.)
{وَتَرَى ٱلْمُجْرِمِينَ يَوْمَئِذٍ مُّقَرَّنِينَ فِي ٱلأَصْفَادِ}
{يَوْمَئِذٍ}
(49) – وَفِي ذَلِكَ اليَوْمِ الذِي تَتَبَدَّلُ فِيهِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالأَرْضِ، وَتَبْرُزُ الخَلاَئِقُ للهِ، تَرَى يَوْمَئِذٍ يَا مُحَمَّدُ الذِينَ أَجْرَمُوا بِكُفْرِهِمْ وَبَغْيِهِمْ، مُقرَّنينَ (مَجْمُوعِينَ) بَعْضُهُمْ إِلى بَعْضٍ فِي القُيُودِ، فَيَجْتَمِعُ النُّظَرَاءُ فِي الكُفْرِ وَالإِجْرَامِ، كُلُّ صِنْفٍ مَعَ صِنْفِهِ.
مُقَرَّنِينَ – مَقْرُوناً بَعْضُهُمْ إِلى بَعْضٍ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 49
49. On that day on which both the earth and the sky will be transformed, and when the creatures will appear before Allah, you will see, O Mohammad, those who committed crimes by their denial and insolence, bound together in fetters. Those who are equal in disbelief and crimes will be assembled, each in his category.
{سَرَابِيلُهُم مِّن قَطِرَانٍ وَتَغْشَىٰ وُجُوهَهُمُ ٱلنَّارُ}
(50) – وَتَكُونُ ثِيَابُهُمُ التِي يَلْبَسُونَها مِن قَطِرَانٍ (وَالقَطِرَانُ مَادَّةٌ سَائِلَةٌ تُطْلَى بِهَا الإِبلُ الجَرْبَاء، وَهُوَ أَلصَقُ شَيءٍ بِالنَّارِ)، وَتَلْفَحُ النَّارُ وُجُوهَهُمْ.
سَرَابِيلُهُمْ – قُمْصَانُهُمْ أَوْ ثِيَابُهُمْ.
تَغْشَى وُجُوهَهُمُ النَّارُ – تُغَطِّيهَا وَتُجَلِّلُها.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 50
50. The garments they wear will be of liquid pitch, or tar, (a liquid substance used to daub the scabies of camels; it is the most adhesive of substances when it comes into contact with fire), and fire will lash their faces.
{لِيَجْزِىَ ٱللَّهُ كُلَّ نَفْسٍ مَّا كَسَبَتْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَرِيعُ ٱلْحِسَابِ}
(51) – وَإِنَّما فَعَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى ذَلِكَ بِهِمْ جَزَاءً وِفَاقاً لَهُمْ بِمَا كَسَبُوا فِي الدُّنيا مِنَ الكُفْرِ وَالآثَامِ. وَيَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ تُجْزَى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِعَمَلِها فِي الدُّنيا، إِنْ خَيْراً فَخَيراً، وَإِنْ شَراً فَشَراً، وَاللهُ سَرِيعُ الحِسَابِ، لأَِنَّهُ تَعَالَى يَعْلَمُ كُلَّ شَيءٍ مِنْ أَفْعَالِ عِبَادِهِ، وَلاَ تَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ مِنْهُمْ خَافِيَةٌ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 51
51. Allah Almighty inflicts such punishment on them as an appropriate reward for their denial and sins in this here life. On Resurrection Day every soul will be recompensed for the deeds it did in this life: good for good , and evil for evil. Allah is swift in His retribution. He knows everything that His servants do and nothing escapes Him.
{هَـٰذَا بَلاَغٌ لِّلنَّاسِ وَلِيُنذَرُواْ بِهِ وَلِيَعْلَمُوۤاْ أَنَّمَا هُوَ إِلَـٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ وَلِيَذَّكَّرَ أُوْلُواْ ٱلأَلْبَابِ}
{بَلاَغٌ} {وَاحِدٌ} {أُوْلُواْ} {ٱلأَلْبَابِ}
(52) – هذا القُرْآنُ بَلاَغٌ لِجَمِيعِ المَخْلُوقَاتِ، مِنْ إِنْسٍ وَجِنٍّ، لِيَتَّعِظُوا بِهِ، وَلِيَعْلَمُوا حُدُودَ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَلَى رُسُلِهِ، وَلِيَسْتَدِلُّوا بِمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الحُجَجِ وَالدَّلاَلاَتِ عَلَى أَنَّ اللهَ وَاحِدٌ لا إِلهَ غَيْرُهُ، وَلْيَتَذَكَّر ذَوُو العُقُولِ وَالأَفْهاَم ِ(الأَلْبَابِ).
بَلاَغٌ لِلنَّاسِ – كِفَايَةٌ فِي العِظَةِ وَالتَّذْكِيرِ.
الأَلْبَابِ – العُقُولِ وَالأَفْهَامِ.
Surah Ibrahim: Verse 52
52. This Quran is a message for all creatures, humans or jinn, so that they may be warned by it and know the bounds prescribed by Allah Almighty and revealed to His messengers. Thus they can be led by its arguments and proofs to the knowledge that Allah is One, that there is no Allah but Allah, and so that those who are endowed with reason and understanding can meditate on it.
Source: This series of Tafsir books has been made available online by the family of Dr. Assaad Homad (may Allah have mercy on him). These volumes were entirely digitized to provide an accessible and easy format for today’s digital age. Please keep Dr. Assaad and his family in your sincere prayers.
تم إتاحة هذه السلسلة من كتب التفسير عبر الإنترنت من قبل عائلة الدكتور أسعد حومد (رحمه الله). لقد قمنا برقمنة هذه المجلدات بالكامل لتوفير تنسيق يسهل الوصول إليه واستخدامه في عصرنا الرقمي الحالي. نرجو منكم ألا تنسوا الدكتور أسعد وعائلته من صالح دعائكم.