How Did the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) Pass Away?
كيف توفي الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم؟
The Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) was ill and had a high fever and head pain, yet he led the people in prayers for eleven days. As he got worse, he asked his wives’ permission to move to the house of Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, so he spent the last week of his life in her home. Four days before his death, the disease weighed down on him, so he asked Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayers, and on Monday, 12 Rabi’ al-Awwal in the year 11 AH, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) fixed his eyes towards the ceiling and said: “In the company of those on whom Allah has bestowed His grace, of the Prophets, the true believers, the martyrs, and the righteous. O Allah, forgive me, bestow Your Mercy on me, and let me join with the exalted companions, “O Allah (with) the highest companion’”. He said this three times, and then he died at sixty-three. And during his last days he said: “O `Aisha! I still feel the pain caused by the food I ate at Khaibar, and at this time, I feel as if my aorta is being cut from that poison.”
أصيب الرسول صلى الله عليه بصداع في رأسه، واتقدت الحرارة ،وقد صلى النبي صلى الله عليه بالناس وهو مريض 11 يوما ،و ثقل المرض على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فاستأذن نساءه أن ينتقل إلى بيت عائشة رضي الله عنها، فقضي في بيتها آخر أسبوع من حياته، وقبل وفاته بأربعة أيام ثقل المرض عليه ، فأمر أن يصلي أبو بكر بالناس، وفي يوم الاثنين 12 ربيع الأول سنة 11 هجرية ، شخص بصر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم نحو السقف، وتحركت شفتاه وهو يقول:( مع الذين أنعمت عليهم من النبيين والصديقين والشهداء والصالحين، اللهم اغفر لي وارحمني ، وألحقني بالرفيق الأعلى ، اللهم الرفيق الأعلى)، كرر الكلمة الاخيرة ثلاثا، ومالت يده ولحق بالرفيق الأعلى، وقد تم له صلى الله عليه وسلم، ثلاث وستون عاما.
فلما كان آخر حياته قال لعائشة “ما أزال أجد ألم الطعام الذي أكلته في خيبر
1. Onset of the Final Illness After Farewell Pilgrimage | بدايات المرض الشريف وتخييره بين الدنيا ولقاء ربه
Following the Farewell Pilgrimage in 10 AH, the Prophet felt his earthly departure approaching. In late Safar of 11 AH, he fell ill with an intense fever and severe headache. He asked permission of his wives to be cared for in Aisha's room, enduring intense pain while reminding his followers that prophets suffer the greatest trials.
إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّـهِ وَالْفَتْحُ (سورة النصر: 1)
بعد حجة الوداع ونزول سورة النصر بتمام البلاغ، بدأت وعكة المرض في أواخر صفر سنة 11 هـ بصداع شديد وحمى حارقة؛ واستأذن زوجاته أن يُمَرَّض في بيت عائشة، وكان يضع يده في إناء ماء بارد يمسح به وجهه الشريف ويقول: "لا إله إلا الله، إن للموت لسكرات".
2. Leading Prayers and Appointing Abu Bakr | إمامة الصلاة وإنابة أبي بكر الصديق
Despite intense illness, the Prophet continued to lead the congregational prayers in the mosque for eleven days. When his physical weakness grew too severe, he repeatedly ordered: "Command Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer." This explicit appointment signaled to the companions Abu Bakr's spiritual preeminence to lead the Ummah after him.
وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ (سورة آل عمران: 144)
صلى النبي ﷺ بالناس وهو مريض أحد عشر يوماً؛ فلما اشتد به الضعف وأغمي عليه مراراً، أمر بحزم: "مروا أبا بكر فليصلّ بالناس"، فكانت هذه الإنابة في عمود الدين إشارة واضحة لاستحقاق أبي بكر لخلافة المسلمين ورعاية شؤونهم بعده.
3. Final Admonitions and Bequests | الوصايا النبوية الأخيرة والتحذير من الغلو
A few days before his passing, the Prophet emerged into the mosque supported by Ali and Al-Fadl. He cautioned believers against taking the graves of prophets as places of worship, stressed the meticulous observance of prayer, commanded kind treatment of the weak and those under one's authority, and, according to some reports, offered to settle any personal grievances.
لَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ عَزِيزٌ عَلَيْهِ مَا عَنِتُّمْ حَرِيصٌ عَلَيْكُم بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ (سورة التوبة: 128)
خرج النبي ﷺ في أيامه الأخيرة معصوب الرأس مستنداً على علي والفضل؛ فخطب خطبته الوداعية محذراً من الغلو واتخاذ قبور الأنبياء مساجد، وأوصى بحفظ الصلاة ورعاية الضعفاء والنساء، وتذكر بعض الروايات أنه عرض القصاص من نفسه على من كان له عنده مظلمة.
4. The Parting Moments: "With the Highest Companionship" | اللحظات الأخيرة: "بل الرفيق الأعلى في الجنة"
On Monday morning, 12th Rabi' al-Awwal, the Prophet looked upon his companions praying behind Abu Bakr and smiled with radiant joy. Later that morning, resting against Aisha's chest, he used a soft miswak, raised his finger toward heaven, and whispered his final words: "Nay, with the Highest Companionship in Paradise," and his blessed soul ascended to its Creator.
وَمَن يُطِعِ اللَّـهَ وَالرَّسُولَ فَأُولَـٰئِكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّـهُ عَلَيْهِم مِّنَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَالصِّدِّيقِينَ وَالشُّهَدَاءِ وَالصَّالِحِينَ ۚ وَحَسُنَ أُولَـٰئِكَ رَفِيقًا (سورة النساء: 69)
ضحى يوم الاثنين 12 ربيع الأول، كشف ستر الحجرة ونظر إلى الصحابة وهم يصلون فتبسم فرحاً باجتماعهم على الدين؛ ثم أسند رأسه الشريف إلى صدر أم المؤمنين عائشة، فاستاك بسواك لين، ورفع أصبعه إلى السماء قائلاً كلماته الخالدة: "بل الرفيق الأعلى، بل الرفيق الأعلى"، وفاضت روحه الطاهرة إلى بارئها.
Scholarly Insight: The tranquil passing of Prophet Muhammad reminds believers that messengers are mortal servants of Allah, and that true faith endures eternally in the living guidance of the Quran and Sunnah. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Ali 'Imran.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
On what day and date did Prophet Muhammad pass away?
He passed away on Monday morning, the 12th of Rabi' al-Awwal in the year 11 AH (632 CE) at age 63.
In whose room was the Prophet cared for during his final illness?
In the room of his wife, Mother of the Believers Aisha, with the consent of all his other wives.
Whom did the Prophet appoint to lead congregational prayers during his illness?
He repeatedly instructed: "Command Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer."
What were the final words spoken by the Prophet before his soul departed?
His final words were: "Nay, with the Highest Companionship in Paradise" (Bal ar-Rafiq al-A'la).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →