How Did the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) Pass Away?
كيف توفي الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم؟
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had a headache and a high fever, and he led the people in prayer while ill for eleven days. As his illness grew heavier, he asked his wives’ permission to move to the house of Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, and he spent the last week of his life in her house. Four days before his death the illness weighed heavily on him, and he ordered that Abu Bakr lead the people in prayer. On Monday, 12 Rabi’ al-Awwal in the year 11 AH, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) fixed his eyes on the ceiling, and his lips moved as he said: (With those whom You have blessed among the prophets, the truthful, the martyrs and the righteous. O Allah, forgive me, have mercy on me, and join me to the Highest Companion. O Allah, the Highest Companion.) He repeated the last words three times; then his hand fell limp and he joined the Highest Companion, having completed sixty-three years (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). At the end of his life he said to Aisha: “I still feel the pain of the food I ate at Khaybar, and now is the time I feel my aorta being cut from that poison.”
أصيب الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم بصداع في رأسه، واتقدت الحرارة، وقد صلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بالناس وهو مريض 11 يوما، وثقل المرض على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فاستأذن نساءه أن ينتقل إلى بيت عائشة رضي الله عنها، فقضى في بيتها آخر أسبوع من حياته، وقبل وفاته بأربعة أيام ثقل المرض عليه، فأمر أن يصلي أبو بكر بالناس، وفي يوم الاثنين 12 ربيع الأول سنة 11 هجرية، شخص بصر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم نحو السقف، وتحركت شفتاه وهو يقول: (مع الذين أنعمت عليهم من النبيين والصديقين والشهداء والصالحين، اللهم اغفر لي وارحمني، وألحقني بالرفيق الأعلى، اللهم الرفيق الأعلى)، كرر الكلمة الأخيرة ثلاثا، ومالت يده ولحق بالرفيق الأعلى، وقد تم له صلى الله عليه وسلم، ثلاثة وستون عاما.
فلما كان آخر حياته قال لعائشة: “ما أزال أجد ألم الطعام الذي أكلته في خيبر، فهذا أوان وجدت انقطاع أبهري من ذلك السم”.
1. The Beginning of the Final Illness | بداية مرضه الأخير ﷺ
Ibn Abbas explained, and Umar agreed, that Surah An-Nasr was the announcement of the Prophet's death (Sahih al-Bukhari 4970). In his last illness he had a vessel of water before him; he would put his hands in it, wipe his face and say: “There is no god but Allah; death has its agonies” (Sahih al-Bukhari 4449). He asked his wives' permission to be nursed in Aisha's house, and they agreed (Sahih al-Bukhari 4442).
إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّـهِ وَالْفَتْحُ (سورة النصر: 1)
فسر ابن عباس سورة النصر بأنها أجل رسول الله ﷺ أعلمه له، ووافقه عمر (صحيح البخاري 4970). وكان بين يديه ﷺ في مرضه ركوة فيها ماء، فجعل يدخل يديه في الماء فيمسح بهما وجهه ويقول: «لا إله إلا الله، إن للموت سكرات» (صحيح البخاري 4449)، واستأذن أزواجه أن يمرض في بيت عائشة فأذن له (صحيح البخاري 4442).
2. Leading Prayers and Appointing Abu Bakr | إمامة الصلاة وإنابة أبي بكر الصديق
The answer says he led the people in prayer while ill for eleven days. When it grew too hard he said: “Tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer”, and when he was told that Abu Bakr was a tender-hearted man who could not stand in his place, he said it a third time (Sahih al-Bukhari 664). When he died, Abu Bakr, among the first to believe in him, recited to the people: “Muḥammad is no more than a messenger; other messengers have gone before him.” (3:144) (Sahih al-Bukhari 1241).
وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ (سورة آل عمران: 144)
صلى ﷺ بالناس وهو مريض أحد عشر يوما كما ذكر الجواب، فلما ثقل قال: «مروا أبا بكر فليصل بالناس»، فقيل له: إن أبا بكر رجل أسيف إذا قام في مقامك لم يستطع أن يصلي بالناس، فأعاد الثالثة (صحيح البخاري 664). ولما توفي ﷺ تلا أبو بكر على الناس: {وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ} (آل عمران 3: 144) (صحيح البخاري 1241).
3. Final Counsels | الوصايا الأخيرة والنهي عن اتخاذ القبور مساجد
Five days before he died, the Prophet ﷺ said: “Those before you took the graves of their prophets and righteous people as places of worship. Do not take graves as places of worship; I forbid you to do so” (Sahih Muslim 532). Anas said that as death came to him, his chief counsel was: “The prayer, and those your right hands possess” (Sunan Ibn Majah 2697, graded sahih by al-Albani).
قال النبي ﷺ قبل أن يموت بخمس: «ألا وإن من كان قبلكم كانوا يتخذون قبور أنبيائهم وصالحيهم مساجد، ألا فلا تتخذوا القبور مساجد، إني أنهاكم عن ذلك» (صحيح مسلم 532). وقال أنس: كانت عامة وصية رسول الله ﷺ حين حضرته الوفاة: «الصلاة وما ملكت أيمانكم» (سنن ابن ماجه 2697، وصححه الألباني).
4. The Final Moments and His Last Words | اللحظات الأخيرة وآخر كلماته ﷺ
On Monday, while the people stood in rows praying behind Abu Bakr, the Prophet ﷺ lifted the curtain of his room, looked at them and smiled (Sahih al-Bukhari 680). Aisha heard him say in his last illness: “in the company of those blessed by Allah: the prophets, the people of truth, the martyrs, and the righteous”, and knew that he had been given the choice (Sahih al-Bukhari 4586; 4:69). Resting against her chest, he used a fresh siwak, then raised his hand or finger and said three times: “In the Highest Companion,” and he passed away (Sahih al-Bukhari 4438); the last words he spoke were: “O Allah, the Highest Companion” (Sahih al-Bukhari 4463).
وَمَن يُطِعِ اللَّـهَ وَالرَّسُولَ فَأُولَـٰئِكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّـهُ عَلَيْهِم مِّنَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَالصِّدِّيقِينَ وَالشُّهَدَاءِ وَالصَّالِحِينَ ۚ وَحَسُنَ أُولَـٰئِكَ رَفِيقًا (سورة النساء: 69)
يوم الاثنين، والناس صفوف في الصلاة خلف أبي بكر، كشف النبي ﷺ ستر الحجرة ينظر إليهم ثم تبسم يضحك (صحيح البخاري 680). وسمعته عائشة في شكواه الذي قبض فيه يقول: «مع الذين أنعم الله عليهم من النبيين والصديقين والشهداء والصالحين» فعلمت أنه خير (صحيح البخاري 4586). وكانت مسندته إلى صدرها، فاستن بسواك رطب، ثم رفع يده أو إصبعه وقال: «في الرفيق الأعلى» ثلاثا، ثم قضى (صحيح البخاري 4438)، وكانت آخر كلمة تكلم بها: «اللهم الرفيق الأعلى» (صحيح البخاري 4463).
Scholarly Insight: Aisha reports what the Prophet ﷺ used to say while healthy (Sahih al-Bukhari 4463): “No prophet is taken in death until he sees his place in Paradise and is then given a choice.” On hearing his final appeal for the Highest Companion, she says: “I said, "Then he will not choose us." I recognized that this was the saying he used to tell us while he was healthy.” See the location of the Prophet's burial. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Ali 'Imran.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
On what day and date did Prophet Muhammad pass away?
On Monday, 12 Rabi' al-Awwal 11 AH according to the well-known view, at the age of sixty-three.
In whose room was the Prophet cared for during his final illness?
In the house of Aisha, Mother of the Believers; he asked his wives' permission and they agreed (Sahih al-Bukhari 4442).
Whom did the Prophet appoint to lead congregational prayers during his illness?
Abu Bakr: he said, Tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer, and said it a third time when he was answered (Sahih al-Bukhari 664).
What were the final words spoken by the Prophet before his soul departed?
Aisha said the last words he spoke were: O Allah, the Highest Companion (Sahih al-Bukhari 4463).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →