Why Did Allah Make the Cow So Specific?
لماذا شدد الله تعالى في وصف البقرة حتى شق على بني إسرائيل إيجادها؟
When Allah commanded the Children of Israel to slaughter the cow, He did not specify which cow it was, and He left the matter easy. But the Children of Israel did not want to follow the command, so they began asking Musa (peace be upon him) many questions about the kind and the color of the cow, until Allah the Almighty made it of difficult specifications as a punishment for them.
عندما أمر الله بني إسرائيل بقتل البقرة، لم يحدد ما هي البقرة وترك الموضوع سهلا. لكن بنو إسرائيل كانوا لا يريدون اتباع الأمر فصاروا يسألون موسى عليه السلام أسئلة كثيرة عن نوع ولون البقرة حتى جعلها الله تعالى بمواصفات صعبة عقوبة لهم.
1. Obstinacy and Many Questions | التعنت وكثرة السؤال
Ibn Kathir says Allah tells here of the obstinacy of the Children of Israel and their many questions to their messenger: because they narrowed things on themselves, things were narrowed on them, and had they slaughtered any cow at all it would have been accepted from them, as Ibn Abbas, Ubaydah and others said. Ibn Abbas said: had they taken the least of cows, it would have sufficed them, but they made it hard, so Allah made it hard on them, a report Ibn Kathir calls soundly transmitted. They even said: cows look alike to us, and if Allah wills, we will be guided (2:70). What the cow was finally like is set out in the description of the cow they were told to slaughter.
قَالُوا ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّن لَّنَا مَا هِيَ إِنَّ الْبَقَرَ تَشَابَهَ عَلَيْنَا وَإِنَّا إِن شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَمُهْتَدُونَ (سورة البقرة: 70)
قال ابن كثير: أخبر تعالى عن تعنت بني إسرائيل وكثرة سؤالهم لرسولهم، ولهذا لما ضيقوا على أنفسهم ضيق عليهم، ولو أنهم ذبحوا أي بقرة كانت لوقعت الموقع عنهم، كما قال ابن عباس وعبيدة وغير واحد، ولكنهم شددوا فشدد عليهم، وعن ابن عباس قال: لو أخذوا أدنى بقرة اكتفوا بها، ولكنهم شددوا فشدد الله عليهم، وقال ابن كثير: إسناد صحيح، وقالوا: (إن البقر تشابه علينا) أي: لكثرتها، فميز لنا هذه البقرة وصفها.
2. And They Nearly Did Not Do It | وما كادوا يفعلون
After the last description they said: now you have come with the truth; so they slaughtered it, and they nearly did not do it (2:71). Ibn Kathir explains: even with all this explanation, these questions and answers, they slaughtered it only after great effort, and this is blame on them, for their aim was nothing but obstinacy, which is why they nearly did not slaughter it. He reports from Ibn Abbas: they nearly did not do it, because they wanted not to slaughter it; and he weighs the view that they hesitated over its high price, saying that its high price is known only from the reports of the Children of Israel. Why the cow was so hard to find is also answered in why the cow they were ordered to slaughter was hard to find.
قَالُوا الْآنَ جِئْتَ بِالْحَقِّ ۚ فَذَبَحُوهَا وَمَا كَادُوا يَفْعَلُونَ (سورة البقرة: 71)
قال تعالى: (قالوا الآن جئت بالحق فذبحوها وما كادوا يفعلون) (البقرة 2: 71)، قال ابن كثير: يعني أنهم مع هذا البيان وهذه الأسئلة والأجوبة والإيضاح ما ذبحوها إلا بعد الجهد، وفي هذا ذم لهم، وذلك أنه لم يكن غرضهم إلا التعنت، فلهذا ما كادوا يذبحونها، وعن ابن عباس: كادوا ألا يفعلوا، ولم يكن ذلك الذي أرادوا، لأنهم أرادوا ألا يذبحوها، وذكر قول من قال: لكثرة ثمنها، وقال: وفي هذا نظر، لأن كثرة ثمنها لم يثبت إلا من نقل بني إسرائيل.
3. Do Not Ask About Things | لا تسألوا عن أشياء
Allah taught the believers: O you who believe, do not ask about things which, if made plain to you, would distress you (5:101). Ibn Kathir explains that this is Allah’s teaching of manners to His believing servants, forbidding them to ask about things in which they have no benefit. Abu Hurayra said: the Messenger of Allah addressed us and said: O people, Allah has made Hajj obligatory on you, so perform Hajj. A man said: every year, O Messenger of Allah? He stayed silent until the man had said it three times, then said: had I said yes, it would have become obligatory, and you would not have been able to; leave me as long as I leave you, for those before you were destroyed only by their many questions and their disagreeing with their prophets; when I command you to do something, do of it what you can, and when I forbid you something, leave it (Sahih Muslim 1337).
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَسْأَلُوا عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ إِن تُبْدَ لَكُمْ تَسُؤْكُمْ (سورة المائدة: 101)
قال تعالى: (يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تسألوا عن أشياء إن تبد لكم تسؤكم) (المائدة 5: 101)، قال ابن كثير: هذا تأديب من الله تعالى لعباده المؤمنين، ونهي لهم عن أن يسألوا عن أشياء مما لا فائدة لهم في السؤال والتنقيب عنها، وعن أبي هريرة قال: خطبنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال: "أيها الناس، قد فرض الله عليكم الحج فحجوا"، فقال رجل: أكل عام يا رسول الله؟ فسكت حتى قالها ثلاثا، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "لو قلت نعم لوجبت ولما استطعتم"، ثم قال: "ذروني ما تركتكم، فإنما هلك من كان قبلكم بكثرة سؤالهم واختلافهم على أنبيائهم، فإذا أمرتكم بشيء فأتوا منه ما استطعتم، وإذا نهيتكم عن شيء فدعوه" (صحيح مسلم 1337).
Scholarly Insight: Ibn Kathir reports from Ibn Abbas, with a chain he calls sound, that had the Children of Israel taken the least of cows it would have sufficed them, but they made it hard, so Allah made it hard on them (2:68). Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Baqarah.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Why was the cow’s description made so specific?
Because the Children of Israel did not want to obey and kept asking Musa about its kind and color, so Allah made its description difficult as a punishment for them.
Would any cow have been enough at first?
Yes. Ibn Abbas said: had they taken the least of cows it would have sufficed them, but they made it hard, so Allah made it hard on them, as Ibn Kathir reports.
What does and they nearly did not do it (2:71) mean?
Ibn Kathir explains that even after all the questions and answers they slaughtered it only after great effort, because their aim was obstinacy.
What did the Prophet teach about excessive questions?
Leave me as long as I leave you, for those before you were destroyed only by their many questions and their disagreeing with their prophets (Sahih Muslim 1337).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →