What Does An-Nasi' in At-Tawbah 9:37 Mean?
ما معنى "النسيء" في الآية 37 من سورة التوبة؟
It is that they used to exchange some of the sacred months for other months, making those sacred in their place, and they made lawful whichever of the sacred months they wanted to make lawful when they needed to, but they added nothing to the number of the lunar months. So they would make Muharram lawful and permit fighting in it, because the period of prohibition was long for them with three sacred months in a row (Dhul-Qa’dah, Dhul-Hijjah and Muharram), then they would make Safar sacred in its place, as if they borrowed it and then repaid it.
أنهم كانوا يبدلون بعض الأشهر الحرم بغيرها من الأشهر، فيحرمونها بدلها، ويحلون ما أرادوا تحليله من الأشهر الحرم إذا احتاجوا إلى ذلك، ولكن لا يزيدون في عدد الأشهر الهلالية شيئا، فكانوا يحلون المحرم، فيستحلون القتال فيه؛ لطول مدة التحريم عليهم بتوالي ثلاثة أشهر محرمة (وهي ذو القعدة وذو الحجة والمحرم)، ثم يحرمون صفرا مكانه، فكأنهم يقترضونه ثم يوفونه.
1. An Increase in Disbelief | إنما النسيء زيادة في الكفر
Allah says: the postponing is only an increase in disbelief, by which those who disbelieve are led astray (9:37). Ibn Kathir says this is one of the things for which Allah blamed the idolaters: changing Allah’s law by their corrupt opinions, making lawful what Allah forbade and forbidding what He made lawful. They found the three sacred months in a row too long, since the prohibition kept them from fighting their enemies, so some time before Islam they began making Muharram lawful and postponing it to Safar: they made the sacred month lawful and the lawful month sacred, to match the number of the four months.
إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ ۖ يُضَلُّ بِهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا (سورة التوبة: 37)
قال تعالى: (إنما النسيء زيادة في الكفر يضل به الذين كفروا) (التوبة 9: 37)، قال ابن كثير: هذا مما ذم الله تعالى به المشركين من تصرفهم في شرع الله بآرائهم الفاسدة، وتغييرهم أحكام الله بأهوائهم، وتحليلهم ما حرم الله وتحريمهم ما أحل الله، فإنهم استطالوا مدة الأشهر الثلاثة في التحريم المانع لهم من قتال أعدائهم، فكانوا قد أحدثوا قبل الإسلام بمدة تحليل المحرم وتأخيره إلى صفر، فيحلون الشهر الحرام، ويحرمون الشهر الحلال، ليواطئوا عدة الأشهر الأربعة.
2. Twelve Months, Four of Them Sacred | منها أربعة حرم
The number of months with Allah is twelve months in the Book of Allah, on the day He created the heavens and the earth; of them four are sacred (9:36). Abu Bakrah reported that the Prophet said: time has turned round to its form on the day Allah created the heavens and the earth; the year is twelve months, of which four are sacred, three in succession, Dhul-Qa’dah, Dhul-Hijjah and Muharram, and the Rajab of Mudar, which is between Jumada and Sha’ban (Sahih al-Bukhari 4662). Ibn Kathir explains that with these words the Prophet confirmed the months as Allah made them in the beginning, without advancing or delaying, adding or reducing, and without postponing or changing.
إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِندَ اللَّهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ (سورة التوبة: 36)
قال تعالى: (إن عدة الشهور عند الله اثنا عشر شهرا في كتاب الله يوم خلق السماوات والأرض منها أربعة حرم) (التوبة 9: 36)، وعن أبي بكرة رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: "إن الزمان قد استدار كهيئته يوم خلق الله السموات والأرض، السنة اثنا عشر شهرا، منها أربعة حرم، ثلاث متواليات: ذو القعدة وذو الحجة والمحرم، ورجب مضر الذي بين جمادى وشعبان" (صحيح البخاري 4662)، قال ابن كثير: تقرير منه صلوات الله وسلامه عليه، وتثبيت للأمر على ما جعله الله تعالى في أول الأمر من غير تقديم ولا تأخير، ولا زيادة ولا نقص، ولا نسيء ولا تبديل.
3. Lawful One Year, Sacred Another Year | يحلونه عاما ويحرمونه عاما
They make it lawful one year and forbid it another year, to match the number that Allah has made sacred, and so make lawful what Allah has forbidden (9:37). Ibn Kathir reports from Ibn Abbas, through Ali ibn Abi Talhah, that Junadah ibn Awf of Kinanah came to the pilgrimage season every year and announced that Safar of the first year was lawful; so one year Safar was kept sacred and another year Muharram. Ibn Kathir explains that when they made Muharram lawful in a year they made Safar sacred in its place, and the year stayed in its order, its number and the names of its months; the next year they kept Muharram sacred. So they kept four sacred months in the year, sometimes keeping Muharram, the third of the three in succession, and sometimes postponing it to Safar.
يُحِلُّونَهُ عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ عَامًا لِّيُوَاطِئُوا عِدَّةَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ فَيُحِلُّوا مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ (سورة التوبة: 37)
قال تعالى: (يحلونه عاما ويحرمونه عاما ليواطئوا عدة ما حرم الله فيحلوا ما حرم الله) (التوبة 9: 37)، ونقل ابن كثير عن علي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس أن جنادة بن عوف بن أمية الكناني كان يوافي الموسم في كل عام، فينادي: ألا وإن صفر العام الأول حلال، فيحله للناس، فيحرم صفرا عاما، ويحرم المحرم عاما، وقال ابن كثير: فإنهم لما كانوا يحلون شهر المحرم عاما يحرمون عوضه صفر، والسنة بحالها على نظامها وعدتها وأسماء شهورها، ثم في العام القابل يحرمون المحرم ويتركونه على تحريمه، أي: في تحريم أربعة أشهر من السنة، إلا أنهم تارة يقدمون تحريم الشهر الثالث من الثلاثة المتوالية وهو المحرم، وتارة ينسئونه إلى صفر، أي: يؤخرونه.
Scholarly Insight: Ibn Kathir explains that an-Nasi’ was making Muharram lawful one year and making Safar sacred in its place, keeping the count of four sacred months, and that the Prophet’s words at his Hajj fixed the months as Allah ordained them (9:36-37). Read more in the tafsir of Surah At-Tawbah.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What does an-Nasi’ mean in At-Tawbah 9:37?
Postponing a sacred month: the pagan Arabs made Muharram lawful for fighting and made Safar sacred in its place.
Did they add months to the year?
No. They kept the number of the lunar months, exchanging one sacred month for another, as if they borrowed it and then repaid it.
Which are the four sacred months?
Dhul-Qa’dah, Dhul-Hijjah and Muharram in succession, and Rajab, which is between Jumada and Sha’ban (Sahih al-Bukhari 4662).
Why does Allah call it an increase in disbelief?
Because they changed Allah’s law by their opinions, making lawful what Allah forbade and forbidding what He made lawful, as Ibn Kathir explains.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →