Who Built the Wall Against Gog and Magog?
من الذي بنى سداً بين الناس وبين يأجوج ومأجوج؟
Dhul Qarnain. (They pleaded, “O Dhul-Qarnain! Surely Gog and Magog are spreading corruption throughout the land. Should we pay you tribute, provided that you build a wall between us and them?” He responded, “What my Lord has provided for me is far better. But assist me with resources, and I will build a barrier between you and them.”) [Al-Kahf 18:94-95]
ذو القرنين.
(قَالُوا يَا ذَا الْقَرْنَيْنِ إِنَّ يَأْجُوجَ وَمَأْجُوجَ مُفْسِدُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَهَلْ نَجْعَلُ لَكَ خَرْجًا عَلَىٰ أَن تَجْعَلَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ سَدًّا قَالَ مَا مَكَّنِّي فِيهِ رَبِّي خَيْرٌ فَأَعِينُونِي بِقُوَّةٍ أَجْعَلْ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ رَدْمًا) [الكهف 18: 94-95]
1. Not Alexander the Macedonian | ليس الإسكندر المقدوني
Allah says: and they ask you about Dhul-Qarnain; say, I will recite to you something of his story (18:83). Ibn Kathir explains that Alexander son of Philip the Macedonian, whose minister was the philosopher Aristotle, lived about three hundred years before the Messiah, while the Dhul-Qarnain of the Quran lived in the time of Ibrahim al-Khalil, as al-Azraqi and others mention. He calls the report that Dhul-Qarnain was a young man of the Romans who built Alexandria weak, saying that its attribution to the Prophet is not sound. More on him is in who Dhul-Qarnain was.
وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَن ذِي الْقَرْنَيْنِ ۖ قُلْ سَأَتْلُو عَلَيْكُم مِّنْهُ ذِكْرًا (سورة الكهف: 83)
قال تعالى: (ويسألونك عن ذي القرنين قل سأتلو عليكم منه ذكرا) (الكهف 18: 83)، قال ابن كثير: وإنما الذي كان من الروم الإسكندر الثاني ابن فيليبس المقدوني، وكان وزيره أرسطاطاليس الفيلسوف المشهور، وقد كان قبل المسيح عليه السلام بنحو من ثلاثمائة سنة، فأما الأول المذكور في القرآن فكان في زمن الخليل، كما ذكره الأزرقي وغيره. وذكر حديث أنه كان شابا من الروم وأنه بنى الإسكندرية، وقال: ورفعه لا يصح.
2. What My Lord Has Given Me Is Better | ما مكني فيه ربي خير
The people offered him kharj, which Ibn Abbas explained as a great payment they would gather between them so that he would build a barrier. Ibn Kathir says that Dhul-Qarnain answered with chastity, piety and righteousness: what Allah has given me of kingship and power is better than what you would gather, as Sulaiman said: what Allah has given me is better than what He has given you (27:36); but help me with strength, that is, with your labour and building tools.
قَالَ مَا مَكَّنِّي فِيهِ رَبِّي خَيْرٌ فَأَعِينُونِي بِقُوَّةٍ أَجْعَلْ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ رَدْمًا (سورة الكهف: 95)
قال ابن جريج عن عطاء عن ابن عباس في قوله: (فهل نجعل لك خرجا) (الكهف 18: 94): أجرا عظيما، وقال ابن كثير: فقال ذو القرنين بعفة وديانة وصلاح وقصد للخير: (ما مكني فيه ربي خير) (الكهف 18: 95)، أي: إن الذي أعطاني الله من الملك والتمكين خير لي من الذي تجمعونه، كما قال سليمان عليه السلام: (أتمدونن بمال فما آتاني الله خير مما آتاكم) (النمل 27: 36)، ولكن ساعدوني بقوة، أي: بعملكم وآلات البناء.
3. Iron and Molten Copper | زبر الحديد والقطر
He said: bring me sheets of iron; until, when he had levelled them between the two mountain sides, he said: blow; until, when he had made it fire, he said: bring me molten copper to pour over it (18:96). Ibn Kathir explains that zubar are pieces of iron, like bricks, as Ibn Abbas, Mujahid and Qatadah said, and that qitr is copper, as Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, Ikrimah, al-Dahhak, Qatadah and al-Suddi said, with some adding: molten. Both metals are among the minerals mentioned in the Quran.
آتُونِي زُبَرَ الْحَدِيدِ ۖ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا سَاوَىٰ بَيْنَ الصَّدَفَيْنِ قَالَ انفُخُوا ۖ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا جَعَلَهُ نَارًا قَالَ آتُونِي أُفْرِغْ عَلَيْهِ قِطْرًا (سورة الكهف: 96)
قال تعالى: (آتوني زبر الحديد حتى إذا ساوى بين الصدفين قال انفخوا حتى إذا جعله نارا قال آتوني أفرغ عليه قطرا) (الكهف 18: 96)، قال ابن كثير: والزبر جمع زبرة، وهي القطعة منه، قاله ابن عباس ومجاهد وقتادة، وهي كاللبنة، (قطرا) قال ابن عباس ومجاهد وعكرمة والضحاك وقتادة والسدي: هو النحاس، وزاد بعضهم: المذاب.
4. When the Promise of My Lord Comes | فإذا جاء وعد ربي
He said: this is a mercy from my Lord; but when the promise of my Lord comes, He will make it level with the ground (18:98). Ibn Kathir explains: a mercy to the people, as a barrier keeping Gog and Magog from spreading corruption, until the true promise draws near. The Prophet entered upon Zaynab bint Jahsh in alarm, saying: there is no god but Allah; woe to the Arabs from an evil that has drawn near; today an opening like this has been made in the barrier of Gog and Magog, and he made a ring with his thumb and index finger. She asked: shall we be destroyed while there are righteous people among us? He said: yes, when wickedness increases (Sahih al-Bukhari 7135). The signs before the Last Day are gathered in the signs mentioned in the Quran before the Last Day.
قَالَ هَٰذَا رَحْمَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّي ۖ فَإِذَا جَاءَ وَعْدُ رَبِّي جَعَلَهُ دَكَّاءَ ۖ وَكَانَ وَعْدُ رَبِّي حَقًّا (سورة الكهف: 98)
قال تعالى: (قال هذا رحمة من ربي فإذا جاء وعد ربي جعله دكاء وكان وعد ربي حقا) (الكهف 18: 98)، قال ابن كثير: أي بالناس، حيث جعل بينهم وبين يأجوج ومأجوج حائلا يمنعهم من العيث في الأرض والفساد، (فإذا جاء وعد ربي) أي: إذا اقترب الوعد الحق. وعن زينب ابنة جحش أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم دخل عليها فزعا يقول: "لا إله إلا الله، ويل للعرب من شر قد اقترب، فتح اليوم من ردم يأجوج ومأجوج مثل هذه"، وحلق بإصبعيه الإبهام والتي تليها، قالت: فقلت: يا رسول الله، أفنهلك وفينا الصالحون؟ قال: "نعم، إذا كثر الخبث" (صحيح البخاري 7135).
Scholarly Insight: Ibn Kathir explains that Dhul-Qarnain refused the people’s payment out of piety, saying that what Allah had given him was better, built the barrier of iron and molten copper, and called it a mercy from his Lord until the promised time. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Kahf.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Who built the wall against Gog and Magog?
Dhul-Qarnain (18:94-98).
Was Dhul-Qarnain Alexander the Macedonian?
No. Ibn Kathir explains that Alexander son of Philip, whose minister was Aristotle, lived about three hundred years before the Messiah, while the Dhul-Qarnain of the Quran was much earlier.
What was the wall made of?
Pieces of iron with molten copper poured over them (18:96).
Did Dhul-Qarnain take payment for it?
No. He said: what my Lord has given me is better, so help me with strength (18:95).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →