When Did the Prophet (PBUH) Start Receiving Revelation?
متى بعث الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم؟
Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) started receiving Divine Inspiration at the age of forty. The Archangel Jibril peace be upon him went to him when he was in the cave Hira on a Monday on the seventeenth day of Ramadan. “The angel said: Recite, to which he replied: I am not lettered. He took hold of him and pressed him, till he was in pain. Thereafter he let him go and said: Recite. He said: I am not lettered”, three times. He then said: (Read, ˹O Prophet, ˺ in the Name of your Lord Who created - created humans from a clinging clot. Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous, Who taught by the pen - taught humanity what they knew not.)
بعث صلى الله عليه وسلم لأربعين سنة، فنزل عليه الملك جبريل عليه السلام، بحراء يوم الاثنين لسبع عشرة ليلة خلت من رمضان، فلما نزل عليه الملك قال له : اقرأ .. قال: لست بقارئ، فغطاه الملك حتى بلغ منه الجهد ، ثم قال له اقرأ..فقال: لست بقارئ ثلاثا. ثم قال:( اقرأ باسم ربك الذي خلق * خلق الإنسان من علق * اقرأ وربك الأكرم* الذي علم بالقلم * علم الإنسان ما لم يعلم ) العلق: 1-5.
1. The Age of Forty: Maturity of Prophetic Commission | سن الأربعين واكتمال النضج البشري والرسالي
The well-established view of the biographers is that Prophet Muhammad was commissioned with prophethood when he reached the age of forty. In the Quran (46:15), forty is the age of full maturity, representing the zenith of intellectual maturity, wisdom, and emotional stability required to carry the divine trust.
حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ وَبَلَغَ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً قَالَ رَبِّ أَوْزِعْنِي أَنْ أَشْكُرَ نِعْمَتَكَ (سورة الأحقاف: 15)
المشهور عند علماء السير على أن بعثة النبي ﷺ كانت عند استكماله أربعين سنة من عمره الشريف؛ وهو السن الذي تكتمل فيه قوى الإنسان العقلية والنفسية، وتتحقق فيه الحكمة والرسوخ لحمل أعباء الرسالة الخاتمة.
2. The Month of Ramadan and Laylat al-Qadr | التوقيت الزماني: شهر رمضان المبارك وليلة القدر
The initial descent of the Quran took place in the blessed month of Ramadan, specifically during the Night of Decree (Laylat al-Qadr): "The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Quran, a guidance for the people" (2:185). Historical accounts differ about the exact night within Ramadan. Surah Al-Qadr, about this night, is the only surah that ends with a prayer time, as explained in which surah ends with a prayer time.
شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدًى لِّلنَّاسِ (سورة البقرة: 185)
اقترن بدء الوحي بأفضل شهور العام وأقدس لياليه؛ فنزل في شهر رمضان مصداقاً لقوله تعالى: {شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ}، وفي ليلة القدر المباركة التي هي خير من ألف شهر، واختلفت الروايات في تحديد ليلته.
3. The Day of the Week: The Blessed Monday | تحديد اليوم: يوم الاثنين المبارك
In Sahih Muslim, the Prophet was asked why he regularly observed fasting on Mondays. He answered: "That is the day on which I was born, and on which I was commissioned with prophethood or on which revelation was sent down upon me." This establishes Monday as the definitive day of prophetic inauguration.
إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ (سورة القدر: 1)
ثبت في صحيح مسلم تعيين اليوم الذي بُعث فيه؛ فعن أبي قتادة أن رسول الله ﷺ سُئل عن صوم يوم الاثنين فقال: "ذاك يوم ولدت فيه، ويوم بُعثت أو أُنزل عليّ فيه"، فكان يوم الاثنين يوماً مشهوداً في تاريخ الهداية.
4. The Setting: Cave Hira on Mount An-Nur | المكان المشهود: غار حراء في جبل النور
The physical site chosen for this momentous encounter was Cave Hira, perched atop Mount An-Nur outside Mecca. There, isolated from the spiritual corruption of Mecca's idol market, Muhammad encountered Gabriel, opening the final chapter in human spiritual history with the word "Iqra".
اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ (سورة العلق: 1)
اختار الله مكاناً طاهراً بعيداً عن أدران الشرك في غار حراء بجبل النور بمكة المكرمة؛ حيث كان النبي يخلو لربه، فباغته جبريل بالنداء الخالد: {اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ}، لتبدأ أعظم معجزة باقية.
Scholarly Insight: Ibn Kathir reports Ibn Abbas and others' explanation of the descent on the Night of Decree (97:1): “Allah sent the Quran down all at once from the Preserved Tablet to the House of Honor in the lowest heaven. Then it descended in separate portions according to events over twenty-three years upon the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him.” See the stages and timing of revelation. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Qadr.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
At what age did Prophet Muhammad receive the first revelation?
At the age of forty lunar years.
In which month of the year did the first revelation descend?
In the holy month of Ramadan, specifically during the Night of Decree (Laylat al-Qadr).
On which day of the week did revelation begin?
On a Monday, as confirmed by the Prophet in Sahih Muslim.
Where was the Prophet when Gabriel first appeared to him?
Inside Cave Hira atop Mount An-Nur, on the outskirts of Mecca.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →