Which Fruit Did Allah Swear By in the Quran?
ما هي الفاكهة التي أقسم الله تعالى بها في القرآن الكريم؟
The fig (At-Tin).
(By the fig, and the olive,) [At-Tin 95:1]
هي التين.
(والتين والزيتون) [التين 95: 1]
1. By the Fig and the Olive | والتين والزيتون
Surah At-Tin opens with an oath: By the fig and the olive, and Mount Sinai, and this secure city (95:1-3). Al-Bara' ibn Azib said he heard the Prophet recite By the fig and the olive in the night prayer, and that he never heard anyone with a more beautiful voice or recitation (Sahih al-Bukhari 769).
وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ * وَطُورِ سِينِينَ * وَهَٰذَا الْبَلَدِ الْأَمِينِ (سورة التين: 1-3)
تفتتح سورة التين بالقسم: (والتين والزيتون * وطور سينين * وهذا البلد الأمين) (التين 95: 1-3). وقال البراء بن عازب رضي الله عنه: سمعت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يقرأ (والتين والزيتون) في العشاء، وما سمعت أحدا أحسن صوتا منه أو قراءة (صحيح البخاري 769).
2. What the Fig and the Olive Mean | المراد بالتين والزيتون
Ibn Kathir notes that the commentators held many views here. Of the fig, some said it means the mosque of Damascus, or Damascus itself, or the mountain beside it; al-Qurtubi said the mosque of the people of the cave; a report from Ibn Abbas says the mosque of Nuh on al-Judi; and Mujahid said: it is this fig of yours. Of the olive, Ka'b, Qatada and Ibn Zayd said it is the mosque of Bayt al-Maqdis, while Mujahid and Ikrimah said: it is this olive that you press. Bayt al-Maqdis was also the first qibla of the Muslims, as explained in what the qibla of the Muslims was before the Ka'bah.
وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ (سورة التين: 1)
قال ابن كثير: اختلف المفسرون هاهنا على أقوال كثيرة، فقيل: المراد بالتين مسجد دمشق، وقيل: هي نفسها، وقيل: الجبل الذي عندها، وقال القرطبي: هو مسجد أصحاب الكهف، وروى العوفي عن ابن عباس أنه مسجد نوح الذي على الجودي، وقال مجاهد: هو تينكم هذا. والزيتون قال كعب الأحبار وقتادة وابن زيد وغيرهم: هو مسجد بيت المقدس، وقال مجاهد وعكرمة: هو هذا الزيتون الذي تعصرون.
3. Three Lands of Three Messengers | ثلاث بقاع لثلاثة رسل
Ibn Kathir reports that some imams saw in these oaths three places, in each of which Allah sent a messenger: the land of the fig and the olive, Bayt al-Maqdis, where Isa was sent; Mount Sinai, where Allah spoke to Musa, as told in where and how Allah first spoke to Musa; and Makkah, the secure city, where Muhammad was sent. That the secure city is Makkah, he says, is not disputed.
وَهَٰذَا الْبَلَدِ الْأَمِينِ (سورة التين: 3)
نقل ابن كثير عن بعض الأئمة: هذه محال ثلاثة، بعث الله في كل واحد منها نبيا مرسلا من أولي العزم: محلة التين والزيتون وهي بيت المقدس التي بعث الله فيها عيسى ابن مريم، وطور سيناء الذي كلم الله عليه موسى بن عمران، ومكة البلد الأمين الذي أرسل فيه محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم، وقال: ولا خلاف في أن البلد الأمين مكة.
4. Created in the Best Form | في أحسن تقويم
The oath leads to its answer: We have certainly created man in the best form (95:4); then We return him to the lowest of the low, except those who believe and do righteous deeds, for they will have a reward uninterrupted (95:5-6).
لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنسَانَ فِي أَحْسَنِ تَقْوِيمٍ (سورة التين: 4)
وجواب القسم قوله تعالى: (لقد خلقنا الإنسان في أحسن تقويم) (التين 95: 4)، ثم رددناه أسفل سافلين إلا الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات فلهم أجر غير ممنون.
5. The Blessed Olive Tree | الشجرة المباركة
The olive also appears in the Verse of Light: a lamp lit from a blessed olive tree, neither of the east nor of the west, whose oil would almost glow even if no fire touched it (24:35). Read more in the tafsir of Surah An-Nur.
يُوقَدُ مِن شَجَرَةٍ مُّبَارَكَةٍ زَيْتُونَةٍ لَّا شَرْقِيَّةٍ وَلَا غَرْبِيَّةٍ يَكَادُ زَيْتُهَا يُضِيءُ وَلَوْ لَمْ تَمْسَسْهُ نَارٌ (سورة النور: 35)
وذكر الزيتون في آية النور: (يوقد من شجرة مباركة زيتونة لا شرقية ولا غربية يكاد زيتها يضيء ولو لم تمسسه نار) (النور 24: 35).
Scholarly Insight: Ibn Kathir notes that the three oaths follow the order in which the three messengers came, and that Allah swore by the noble, then by the nobler, then by the noblest of them. Read more in the tafsir of Surah At-Tin.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What fruit did Allah swear by in the Quran?
The fig: By the fig and the olive (At-Tin 95:1).
What do the fig and the olive mean in this oath?
Ibn Kathir records several views: Mujahid said the fig people eat and the olive they press, while others took them to mean places, such as the mosque of Damascus and Bayt al-Maqdis.
What else does Allah swear by in Surah At-Tin?
Mount Sinai and this secure city, which Ibn Kathir says is Makkah without disagreement (95:2-3).
Where else is the olive mentioned?
In the Verse of Light: a lamp lit from a blessed olive tree, neither of the east nor of the west (24:35).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →