What is the false oath (Al Yameen Al Ghamus)?
ما هي اليمين الغموس؟
While unintentional oaths are forgiven and broken oaths require a specific penalty, the false deliberate oath stands alone in its severity. Islamic law views intentionally using the name of Allah to deceive others as a profound spiritual crime that destroys trust within the community.
في حين يتم التجاوز عن الأيمان غير المقصودة وتتطلب الأيمان المنعقدة المكسورة كفارة محددة، فإن اليمين الكاذبة المتعمدة تقف وحدها في شدتها. تنظر الشريعة الإسلامية إلى الاستخدام المتعمد لاسم الله لخداع الآخرين كجريمة روحية عميقة تدمر الثقة داخل المجتمع.
Definition and Consequences | التعريف والعواقب
It is to swear about a false past or future matter deliberately. It is called so because it dips its owner in the fire. Due to the extreme intentional disrespect of invoking Allah's name for a lie, there is no atonement for such an oath. Unlike a regular broken oath where one can feed the poor or fast to make amends, the false oath requires deep, sincere repentance to Allah directly.
أن يحلف على أمر ماض أو مستقبل كاذبا عامدا فتلك اليمين الغموس. سميت بذلك لأنها تغمس صاحبها في النار. وبسبب التعمد الشديد لعدم الاحترام باستدعاء اسم الله على كذبة، فإن ذلك الحلف لا كفارة له. وعلى عكس اليمين العادية التي يمكن التكفير عنها، تتطلب اليمين الغموس توبة نصوحا وعميقة لله مباشرة.
A Major Sin in Islam | من كبائر الذنوب في الإسلام
The false oath is considered a major sin, often used to steal rights or property. This is heavily emphasized in the prophetic traditions.
For it was reported from the Prophet, peace be upon him: "A Bedouin came to the Prophet and said, 'O Allah's Apostle! What are the biggest sins?' The Prophet said, 'To join others in worship with Allah.' The Bedouin said, 'What is next?' The Prophet said, 'To be undutiful to one's parents.' The Bedouin said 'What is next?' The Prophet said 'To take an oath Al Ghamus.' The Bedouin said, 'What is an oath Al Ghamus?' The Prophet said, 'The false oath through which one deprives a Muslim of his property unjustly.'"
ويعد اليمين الغموس من الكبائر التي تستخدم غالبا لسلب الحقوق والممتلكات.
لما ورد عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: (جاء أعرابي إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقال: يا رسول الله، ما الكبائر؟ قال: الإشراك بالله، قال: ثم ماذا؟ قال: ثم عقوق الوالدين، قال: ثم ماذا؟ قال: اليمين الغموس، قلت: وما اليمين الغموس؟ قال: الذي يقتطع مال امرئ مسلم هو فيها كاذب).
Scholarly Insight: Islamic scholars point out that categorizing the false oath alongside associating partners with Allah (Shirk) and disrespecting parents demonstrates its catastrophic spiritual weight. When a person uses a false oath to take someone else's property, they combine two immense sins: insulting the majesty of Allah by using His name to lie, and violating the sacred rights and wealth of a fellow human being.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Why is there no expiation (Kaffarah) for this oath?
Standard expiation (like feeding the poor) is meant for oaths made with good intentions that a person later breaks. The deliberate false oath is considered too grievous and malicious for a simple penalty; it requires massive, sincere repentance.
What does the word "Ghamus" literally mean?
It comes from an Arabic root word meaning "to dip" or "to plunge." It is named this way because the act plunges the person who swears it deeply into sin, and subsequently dips them into the Hellfire.
What did the Prophet identify as the biggest sins in the Hadith?
In the Hadith, the Prophet pbuh listed joining others in worship with Allah, being undutiful to parents, and taking the false oath (Al Ghamus) as the biggest sins.