What Crime Did the People of Thamud Commit to Deserve Their Punishment?
ما الجريمة التي ارتكبها قوم ثمود فاستحقوا العقوبة؟
The crimes committed by the people of Thamud were numerous, the greatest of which is their refuting their Prophet, their attempts to turn his followers away from their religion, and their attempt to kill him. But the last crime was killing the she-camel; their Prophet had said when Allah sent them the she-camel, let her graze on the plants of the earth from the public pastures that do not belong to anyone, and do not treat her badly, slaughter, or kill her, else you should await a swift punishment. “And O my people! This she-camel of Allah is a sign for you. So leave her to graze freely on Allah’s earth and do her no harm, or a swift punishment will overtake you!” (Surah Hud 11:64) The Quran detailed the way they killed the she-camel briefly, saying “they killed her,” meaning they cut off her legs and then slit her throat. In detail: when they saw that people were beginning to believe the Prophet of Allah Saleh, they agreed to kill the she-camel, the sign that stood in front of them. They sent a man, Qudar ibn Salif, and ordered him to kill her, so he cut off her legs until she sat, and when she sat, he slaughtered her. What we learn: A. The Prophet, peace be upon him, said, “The most wretched of the earlier peoples is the killer of the she-camel,” and this is what Allah said, “when the most wicked of them was roused to kill the she-camel. But the messenger of Allah warned them, ‘Do not disturb Allah’s camel and her turn to drink!'” (Surah Ash-Shams 91:12-13) meaning the most wretched of that tribe, held up as the standard of wickedness, so that it is said, “more ill-omened than Qudar.” B. The one who killed the she-camel was but one man, while the Quran says, “But they killed her, becoming regretful” (Surah Ash-Shu’ara 26:157), and, “But they killed her, so their Lord crushed them for their crime, levelling all to the ground” (Surah Ash-Shams 91:14). That is because the executor was one person, whereas everyone agreed to this crime and accepted it, and the one who accepts a crime is a punishable partner in it.
الجرائم التي ارتكبها القوم عديدة وكثيرة، ومن أعظمها تكذيبهم بالنبي عليه السلام، وفتنة أتباعه عن دينهم، ومحاولتهم لقتله، أما الجريمة الأخيرة فكانت قتل الناقة، وكان نبيهم قد قال لما أخرج الله لهم الناقة: دعوها تأكل من نبات الأرض من المراعي العامة التي ليست لأحد، ولا تمسوها بسوء كعقرها أو ذبحها وقتلها فيأخذكم عذاب قريب من قتلكم لها. وَيَا قَوْمِ هَذِهِ نَاقَةُ اللَّهِ لَكُمْ آيَةً فَذَرُوهَا تَأْكُلْ فِي أَرْضِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تَمَسُّوهَا بِسُوءٍ فَيَأْخُذَكُمْ عَذَابٌ قَرِيبٌ (هود: 64). وقد فصّل القرآن طريقة قتلهم للناقة بعبارة وجيزة، وهي في قوله: فعقروها، أي قطعوا أرجلها ثم قاموا بنحرها، أي طعنوها في عنقها، وتفصيل ذلك: إنهم لما رأوا أن الناس بدأت تميل إلى تصديق نبي الله صالح عليه السلام، اتفقوا على قتل الناقة التي هي الآية الماثلة أمامهم. أرسلوا رجلا منهم واسمه قُدار بن سالف، فأمروه أن يقتل تلك الناقة، فقام بقطع قوائمها حتى بركت، فلما بركت نحرها. فوائد: قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: أشقى الأولين عاقر الناقة، وهذا الذي قال الله تعالى: إِذِ انْبَعَثَ أَشْقَاهَا. فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ نَاقَةَ اللَّهِ وَسُقْيَاهَا (الشمس: 12-13)، أي أشقى تلك القبيلة، والذي يُضرب به المثل في الشقاوة، فيقال: أشأم من قدار. الذي قتل الناقة رجل واحد بينما القرآن يحدثنا: فَعَقَرُوهَا فَأَصْبَحُوا نَادِمِينَ (الشعراء: 157)، فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِذَنْبِهِمْ فَسَوَّاهَا (الشمس: 14)، وذلك أن المنفذ كان واحدا، لكن الجميع قد اتفقوا على تلك الجريمة ورضي بها، فالراضي بالجريمة شريك فيها مستحق للعقوبة.
1. A Chain of Escalating Crimes | سلسلة جرائم متصاعدة
Killing the she-camel was not an isolated act but part of a chain of defiance that included rejecting Saleh’s message, covered in How Did Thamud Respond to Prophet Saleh’s Call?, targeting his followers, and plotting his death. The she-camel’s killing was where accumulated defiance crossed into irreversible action.
لم يكن قتل الناقة فعلا معزولا بل جزءا من سلسلة تحدٍّ شملت رفض رسالة صالح، كما تناولنا في مقال كيف ردت ثمود على دعوة النبي صالح؟، واستهداف أتباعه، والتآمر على قتله. وكان قتل الناقة النقطة التي عبر فيها التحدي المتراكم إلى فعل لا رجعة فيه.
2. Collective Guilt for an Individual Act | ذنب جماعي على فعل فردي
Although one man physically carried out the killing, the Quran repeatedly uses the plural “they killed her” rather than singling him out. This grammatical choice reflects the principle the answer draws from this account: consenting to and approving of a wrong makes a person a partner in it, even without performing the act themselves.
رغم أن رجلا واحدا نفذ القتل جسديا، يستخدم القرآن مرارا صيغة الجمع “فعقروها” بدلا من تخصيصه وحده. ويعكس هذا الاختيار النحوي المبدأ الذي تستخلصه الإجابة من هذه القصة: الرضا بالخطأ وإقراره يجعل الإنسان شريكا فيه، حتى دون أن يرتكب الفعل بنفسه.
3. A Name Remembered for Infamy | اسم يُذكر للعار
The man who carried out the killing, identified in the Islamic tradition as Qudar ibn Salif, became proverbial for wickedness, described by the Prophet ﷺ as “the most wretched of the earlier peoples” in a hadith that al-Albani graded authentic through its routes (al-Silsilah al-Sahihah 1088). Sahih al-Bukhari 4942 also records the Prophet ﷺ describing him as a mighty, unruly man, powerful among his clan. His name stands as a lasting warning about how a single individual’s willingness to act on a group’s collective malice becomes the visible face of an entire nation’s crime.
أصبح الرجل الذي نفذ القتل، المعروف في التراث الإسلامي باسم قدار بن سالف، مضرب المثل في الشقاوة، وقال فيه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: “أشقى الأولين عاقر الناقة”، في حديث صححه الألباني بمجموع طرقه (السلسلة الصحيحة 1088)، وفي صحيح البخاري (4942) وصفه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بأنه رجل عزيز عارم منيع في رهطه. ويقف اسمه تحذيرا دائما حول كيف يصبح استعداد فرد واحد للتصرف بناء على خبث جماعي هو الوجه الظاهر لجريمة أمة بأكملها.
Scholarly Insight: Surah Ash-Shams describes the one who killed the she-camel as “the most wicked of them,” while the Quran elsewhere attributes the crime collectively to Thamud, showing that consent to wrongdoing carries shared responsibility. Read the fuller context in the tafsir of Surah Al-A’raf.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What was Thamud’s greatest crime?
Rejecting their Prophet; the crime that brought the punishment upon them was killing the she-camel (Hud 11:64-65).
Who physically killed the she-camel?
A man identified in Islamic tradition as Qudar ibn Salif.
Why does the Quran hold the whole tribe responsible for one man’s act?
Because the other disbelievers of the tribe agreed to and accepted the killing, making them partners in the crime.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →