Will People Who Never Heard of Islam Be Judged and Punished?
هناك أناس لم يسمعوا عن الإسلام (إما لأنهم يعيشون في مناطق نائية ولم يصلهم الدعاة ولم يكن عندهم وسائل إعلام)، هل سيحاسبهم الله تعالى كما يحاسب باقي الناس؟ وهل سيعاقبون؟
As mentioned in the narration (athar): those who have not heard of Islam will be tested on the Day of Resurrection, so Allah will send someone to call them to worship Him, and if they obey him, they will be rewarded, but if they disobey him, they will be punished. Allah the Almighty says:
(And We would never punish ˹a people˺ until We have sent a messenger ˹to warn them˺.) [Al-Isra 17:15]
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allah have mercy upon his soul, said, "The religious texts indicate that Allah will punish only those to whom a Messenger was sent and the proof is established against them." Allah the Almighty says:
(Your Lord would never destroy a society until He had sent to its capital a messenger, reciting Our revelations to them. Nor would We ever destroy a society unless its people persisted in wrongdoing.) [Al-Qasas 28:59]
إن الذين لم يسمعوا عن الإسلام فكما جاء في الأثر: أنهم يمتحنون يوم القيامة، فيبعث الله إليهم من يأمرهم بطاعته، فإن أطاعوه استحقوا الثواب، وإن عصوه استحقوا العقاب، قال الله تعالى:
(وَمَا كُنَّا مُعَذِّبِينَ حَتَّىٰ نَبْعَثَ رَسُولًا) [الإسراء 17: 15]
وقال شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية رحمه الله: أنه قد دلت النصوص على أن الله لا يعذب إلا من أرسل إليه رسولا تقوم عليه الحجة. قال الله تعالى:
(وَمَا كَانَ رَبُّكَ مُهْلِكَ الْقُرَىٰ حَتَّىٰ يَبْعَثَ فِي أُمِّهَا رَسُولًا يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِنَا ۚ وَمَا كُنَّا مُهْلِكِي الْقُرَىٰ إِلَّا وَأَهْلُهَا ظَالِمُونَ) [القصص 28: 59]
1. No Punishment Before a Messenger | وما كنا معذبين حتى نبعث رسولا
We would never punish a people until We have sent a messenger to warn them (17:15). Ibn Kathir explains that this is a statement of Allah’s justice: He punishes no one until the proof has been established against him by sending him a messenger, as the keepers of Hell ask each group cast into it: Did a warner not come to you? (67:8). Allah’s justice is explained in the Name Al-Adl, the Just.
وَمَا كُنَّا مُعَذِّبِينَ حَتَّىٰ نَبْعَثَ رَسُولًا (سورة الإسراء: 15)
قال تعالى: (وما كنا معذبين حتى نبعث رسولا) (الإسراء 17: 15)، قال ابن كثير: إخبار عن عدله تعالى، وأنه لا يعذب أحدا إلا بعد قيام الحجة عليه بإرسال الرسول إليه، كما قال تعالى: (كلما ألقي فيها فوج سألهم خزنتها ألم يأتكم نذير) (الملك 67: 8).
2. The Test on the Day of Resurrection | أربعة يحتجون يوم القيامة
The narration the scholar refers to is related by Ibn Kathir from Imam Ahmad, from al-Aswad ibn Sari’: Four will plead on the Day of Resurrection: a deaf man who heard nothing, a man without understanding, a man in extreme old age, and a man who died in the interval between messengers, who will say: My Lord, no messenger from You came to me. Allah takes their pledges that they will obey Him, then sends to them: Enter the Fire; and by Him in whose hand is Muhammad’s soul, had they entered it, it would have been cool and safe for them. Ibn Kathir says that the view that such people are tested on the Day of Resurrection reconciles all the evidence, and that it is the view al-Ash’ari related from Ahl as-Sunnah wal-Jama’ah.
روى الإمام أحمد عن الأسود بن سريع أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: "أربعة يحتجون يوم القيامة: رجل أصم لا يسمع شيئا، ورجل أحمق، ورجل هرم، ورجل مات في فترة"، وفيه: "وأما الذي مات في الفترة فيقول: رب، ما أتاني لك رسول، فيأخذ مواثيقهم ليطيعنه، فيرسل إليهم أن ادخلوا النار، فوالذي نفس محمد بيده لو دخلوها لكانت عليهم بردا وسلاما"، قال ابن كثير في القول بأنهم يمتحنون يوم القيامة: وهذا القول يجمع بين الأدلة كلها، وهو الذي حكاه الشيخ أبو الحسن الأشعري عن أهل السنة والجماعة.
3. A Messenger to the Mother of the Towns | حتى يبعث في أمها رسولا
Your Lord would never destroy a society until He had sent to its capital a messenger, reciting Our revelations to them (28:59). Ibn Kathir explains that Allah destroys no one while wronging him, but only after the proof is established against them; the mother of the towns is Makkah, which shows that the unlettered Prophet sent from it is a messenger to all the towns, Arab and non-Arab, as Allah told him to declare that he is His Messenger to all people (7:158). The prophets and messengers are explained in who the prophets and the messengers are.
وَمَا كَانَ رَبُّكَ مُهْلِكَ الْقُرَىٰ حَتَّىٰ يَبْعَثَ فِي أُمِّهَا رَسُولًا يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِنَا ۚ وَمَا كُنَّا مُهْلِكِي الْقُرَىٰ إِلَّا وَأَهْلُهَا ظَالِمُونَ (سورة القصص: 59)
قال تعالى: (وما كان ربك مهلك القرى حتى يبعث في أمها رسولا يتلو عليهم آياتنا) (القصص 28: 59)، قال ابن كثير: أخبر عن عدله، وأنه لا يهلك أحدا ظالما له، وإنما يهلك من أهلك بعد قيام الحجة عليهم، وأم القرى هي مكة، وفيه دلالة على أن النبي الأمي المبعوث من أم القرى رسول إلى جميع القرى، من عرب وأعجام.
4. So People Have No Excuse | لئلا يكون للناس على الله حجة
Allah sent messengers delivering good news and warnings so humanity should have no excuse before Allah after the coming of the messengers (4:165). Ibn Kathir explains that He sent down His Books and sent His messengers, making clear what He loves and what He dislikes, so that no one is left with an excuse; and the Prophet said: No one loves to accept excuses more than Allah, and for that He sent the bearers of good news and the warners (Sahih al-Bukhari 7416). Why Paradise is for the monotheists is explained in why Paradise is for the monotheists and not the disbelievers.
رُّسُلًا مُّبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى اللَّهِ حُجَّةٌ بَعْدَ الرُّسُلِ ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا (سورة النساء: 165)
قال تعالى: (رسلا مبشرين ومنذرين لئلا يكون للناس على الله حجة بعد الرسل وكان الله عزيزا حكيما) (النساء 4: 165)، قال ابن كثير: أي: أنه تعالى أنزل كتبه وأرسل رسله بالبشارة والنذارة، وبين ما يحبه ويرضاه مما يكرهه ويأباه؛ لئلا يبقى لمعتذر عذر، وقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: "ولا أحد أحب إليه العذر من الله، ومن أجل ذلك بعث المبشرين والمنذرين" (صحيح البخاري 7416).
Scholarly Insight: No people were left without a warner: There is no community that has not had a warner (35:24); Ibn Kathir explains that Allah sent warners to every nation of the children of Adam and removed their excuses, so the question here concerns only those whom the message truly did not reach. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Isra.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Will people who never heard of Islam be punished?
Allah punishes no one until a messenger has come and the proof is established: We would never punish a people until We have sent a messenger (17:15).
How will they be judged on the Day of Resurrection?
As the narration reports, they will be tested: Allah sends them someone who commands them to obey Him; whoever obeys deserves the reward and whoever disobeys deserves the punishment.
Which hadith describes this test?
Ibn Kathir relates from Imam Ahmad that four will plead on the Day of Resurrection, among them a man who died in the interval between messengers and says no messenger came to him.
Why did Allah send messengers to every people?
So that humanity should have no excuse before Allah after the messengers (4:165); there is no community that has not had a warner (35:24).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →