How Did Adam's Son Know How to Bury His Brother?
كيف عرف ابن آدم طريقة دفن أخيه؟
Allah the Almighty sent a crow to dig a grave and bury a dead crow, in order to show him how to bury his brother:
(Then Allah sent a crow digging ˹a grave˺ in the ground ˹for a dead crow˺, in order to show him how to bury the corpse of his brother. He cried, “Alas! Have I ˹even˺ failed to be like this crow and bury the corpse of my brother?” So he became regretful.) [Al-Ma'idah 5:31]
الله عز وجل بعث غرابا نبش الأرض ودفن غرابا ميتا وكان ذلك ليريه الله تعالى كيف يدفن أخاه.
(فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ غُرَابًا يَبْحَثُ فِي الْأَرْضِ لِيُرِيَهُ كَيْفَ يُوَارِي سَوْءَةَ أَخِيهِ ۚ قَالَ يَا وَيْلَتَا أَعَجَزْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِثْلَ هَٰذَا الْغُرَابِ فَأُوَارِيَ سَوْءَةَ أَخِي ۖ فَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ النَّادِمِينَ) [المائدة 5: 31]
1. The Crow Sent by Allah | فبعث الله غرابا
Ibn Kathir reports from Ibn Abbas, through Ali ibn Abi Talhah: a crow came to a dead crow and scratched earth over it until it covered it, and the one who had killed his brother said: Alas! Have I even failed to be like this crow and bury the corpse of my brother? As-Suddi reported, with his chain to the Companions, that when the young man died his brother left him in the open, not knowing how to bury him, so Allah sent two crows, brothers, which fought until one killed the other, then dug for it and covered it with earth; when he saw this, he said those words. How the killing came about is explained in how the conflict started between the two sons of Adam.
قَالَ يَا وَيْلَتَا أَعَجَزْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِثْلَ هَٰذَا الْغُرَابِ فَأُوَارِيَ سَوْءَةَ أَخِي (سورة المائدة: 31)
قال ابن كثير: قال علي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس: جاء غراب إلى غراب ميت، فبحث عليه من التراب حتى واراه، فقال الذي قتل أخاه: (يا ويلتا أعجزت أن أكون مثل هذا الغراب فأواري سوءة أخي) (المائدة 5: 31)، وقال السدي بإسناده إلى الصحابة: لما مات الغلام تركه بالعراء، ولا يعلم كيف يدفن، فبعث الله غرابين أخوين، فاقتتلا فقتل أحدهما صاحبه، فحفر له ثم حثى عليه، فلما رآه قال ما قال.
2. Regret After Loss | فأصبح من النادمين
Allah had said of the killer: so he killed him, becoming a loser (5:30), and after the crow: So he became regretful (5:31). Ibn Kathir reports that al-Hasan al-Basri said: Allah covered him with regret after loss. Ibn Kathir notes that the Prophet said: No sin is more deserving of having its punishment hastened by Allah in this world, along with what is stored up for its doer in the Hereafter, than transgression and cutting the ties of kinship (Jami at-Tirmidhi 2511, which at-Tirmidhi graded hasan sahih), and that both were combined in this deed. The story itself is told in Surah Al-Ma’idah, as explained in which surah mentions the two sons of Adam.
فَطَوَّعَتْ لَهُ نَفْسُهُ قَتْلَ أَخِيهِ فَقَتَلَهُ فَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ (سورة المائدة: 30)
قال تعالى في القاتل: (فقتله فأصبح من الخاسرين) (المائدة 5: 30)، وقال بعد ذكر الغراب: (فأصبح من النادمين) (المائدة 5: 31)، قال الحسن البصري: علاه الله بندامة بعد خسران، وذكر ابن كثير قول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: "ما من ذنب أجدر أن يعجل الله لصاحبه العقوبة في الدنيا مع ما يدخر له في الآخرة من البغي وقطيعة الرحم" (جامع الترمذي 2511، وقال: حديث حسن صحيح)، ثم قال: وقد اجتمع في فعل قابيل هذا وهذا.
3. Burial, an Honour From Allah | ثم أماته فأقبره
Allah says of the human being: then causes them to die and be buried (80:21). Ibn Kathir explains: He made him one who has a grave. Al-Qurtubi cites al-Farra’: He gave him a grave in which he is hidden, as an honour, and did not make him one of those cast on the face of the earth for birds and wild animals to eat. Allah also says: Have We not made the earth a lodging for the living and the dead? (77:25-26) Ibn Kathir reports Mujahid’s explanation: it holds the dead, so nothing of him is seen; and ash-Sha’bi’s: its inside is for your dead and its surface for your living.
ثُمَّ أَمَاتَهُ فَأَقْبَرَهُ (سورة عبس: 21)
قال تعالى في الإنسان: (ثم أماته فأقبره) (عبس 80: 21)، قال ابن كثير: أي: جعله ذا قبر، وقال القرطبي: أي جعل له قبرا يوارى فيه إكراما، ولم يجعله مما يلقى على وجه الأرض تأكله الطير والعوافي، قاله الفراء، وقال تعالى: (ألم نجعل الأرض كفاتا أحياء وأمواتا) (المرسلات 77: 25-26)، قال مجاهد: يكفت الميت فلا يرى منه شيء، وقال الشعبي: بطنها لأمواتكم، وظهرها لأحيائكم.
Scholarly Insight: Ibn Kathir reports from Ibn Abbas that a crow came to a dead crow and scratched earth over it until it covered it, and so the killer learned how to bury his brother and became regretful (5:31). Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Ma’idah.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
How did the son of Adam know how to bury his brother?
Allah sent a crow that scratched the ground and buried a dead crow, to show him how to bury his brother (5:31).
What did he say when he saw the crow?
Alas! Have I even failed to be like this crow and bury the corpse of my brother? So he became regretful (5:31).
What does he became regretful mean?
Ibn Kathir reports that al-Hasan al-Basri said: Allah covered him with regret after loss.
Which sins are punished quickly in this world?
The Prophet said that no sin is more deserving of hastened punishment in this world, along with what is stored up for the Hereafter, than transgression and cutting the ties of kinship (Jami at-Tirmidhi 2511). Ibn Kathir notes that both met in this killing.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →