What Is the Difference Between Hypocrisy and Showing Off (Riya)?
ما هو الفرق بين النفاق والرياء؟
What is the difference between hypocrisy and just for show?
The answer distinguishes showing off (riya), doing a deed for people's praise rather than for Allah, which is hidden shirk and spoils only the deed it enters, from hypocrisy, showing faith while concealing disbelief, which takes a person out of the religion.
1. Showing Off (Riya)
Showing off (riya) is when a person does a deed seeking the praise of people, not intending the Face of Allah by it, but seeking reputation and worldly standing.
2. The Hidden Shirk
Showing off is counted as hidden shirk. Ahmad and Ibn Majah narrated that Abu Sa'id al-Khudri said: The Messenger of Allah came out to us while we were discussing the False Messiah, and he said: (Shall I not tell you of what I fear for you more than the False Messiah? We said: Yes. He said: Hidden shirk: that a man stands to pray and beautifies his prayer because he sees a man looking at him.)
Note: The wording of this hadith in the original answer has been corrected to match Sunan Ibn Majah (4204, graded hasan by al-Albani), which reads: the False Messiah (al-Masih al-Dajjal), and: because he sees a man looking at him.
3. The Consequence on Deeds
Out of Allah's mercy, showing off does not nullify all deeds; it nullifies only the deed in which the showing off occurred.
4. Hypocrisy (Nifaq)
Hypocrisy is for a person to show faith while concealing disbelief within. Every hypocrite is by nature a show-off, and hypocrisy takes its holder out of the religion and places him under the ruling of the disbelievers.
ما هو الفرق بين النفاق والرياء؟
يفرق الجواب بين الرياء، وهو أن يعمل الإنسان العمل طلبا لمدح الناس لا لوجه الله، وهو شرك خفي يحبط العمل الذي دخله فقط، وبين النفاق، وهو إظهار الإيمان وإبطان الكفر، وهو مخرج من الملة.
الرياء هو: أن يعمل الإنسان العمل طلبا لمدح الناس له، ولا يقصد بعمله وجه الله ولكن يريد به السمعة والمكانة الدنيوية.
الشرك الخفي
والرياء يعد شركا خفيا. فقد روى أحمد وابن ماجة عن أبي سعيد الخدري قال: خرج علينا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ونحن نتذاكر المسيح الدجال فقال: (ألا أخبركم بما هو أخوف عليكم عندي من المسيح الدجال؟ قلنا: بلى، فقال: الشرك الخفي، أن يقوم الرجل يصلي فيزين صلاته لما يرى من نظر رجل).
ملاحظة: صحح لفظ هذا الحديث في الجواب الأصلي موافقة لسنن ابن ماجه (4204)، وحسنه الألباني، وفيه: "من المسيح الدجال"، و"لما يرى من نظر رجل".
أثر الرياء على الأعمال
ومن رحمة الله أن الرياء لا يحبط كل الأعمال، وإنما يحبط العمل الذي حصل فيه الرياء فقط.
النفاق
أما النفاق: فهو أن يظهر الإنسان الإيمان وأن يبطن في داخله الكفر. فكل منافق يكون مرائيا بطبيعة الحال، وصفة النفاق تخرج صاحبها من الملة وتجعله في حكم الكافرين.
1. Allah Leaves the Deed and Its Partner | تركته وشركه
The Prophet said: Allah the Blessed and Exalted said: I am the One most free of need of partners; whoever does a deed in which he associates another with Me, I leave him and his partnership (Sahih Muslim 2985). This is why showing off is called hidden shirk: the deed is shared between Allah and the eyes of people.
قال رسول الله ﷺ: "قال الله تبارك وتعالى: أنا أغنى الشركاء عن الشرك، من عمل عملا أشرك فيه معي غيري تركته وشركه" (صحيح مسلم 2985). ولهذا سمي الرياء شركا خفيا، لأن العامل يشرك مع الله في عمله نظر الناس.
2. When Does Showing Off Spoil a Deed? | متى يحبط الرياء العمل؟
Ibn Rajab explains that a deed done purely for show is void, and if showing off accompanies a deed from its start, the authentic texts show that it is void too. If the deed began for Allah and a thought of showing off came and he pushed it away, it does not harm him, without disagreement; if he went along with it, the early scholars differed, as related by Ahmad and Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, and the hoped-for view is that the deed is not voided and he is rewarded for his first intention (Jami' al-Ulum wal-Hikam). This details the answer's point that showing off spoils only the deed it enters.
ذكر ابن رجب أن العمل إذا كان رياء محضا فهو باطل، وأن الرياء إن شارك العمل من أصله "فالنصوص الصحيحة تدل على بطلانه أيضا وحبوطه"، وأما إن كان أصل العمل لله ثم طرأت عليه نية الرياء "فإن كان خاطرا ودفعه فلا يضره بغير خلاف"، وإن استرسل معه ففيه اختلاف بين السلف حكاه الإمام أحمد وابن جرير الطبري، والمرجو أن عمله لا يبطل وأنه يجازى بنيته الأولى (جامع العلوم والحكم). وهذا تفصيل لما ذكره الجواب من أن الرياء يحبط العمل الذي حصل فيه فقط.
3. Every Hypocrite Shows Off | كل منافق مراء
Allah says of the hypocrites: when they stand for prayer, they stand lazily, showing off to people, and they remember Allah only a little (An-Nisa 4:142). Ibn Kathir explains that they have no sincerity: laziness is the description of their outward state, and showing off the description of their corrupt inner state. This is the answer's point that every hypocrite is a show-off, while the root of hypocrisy is concealed disbelief.
وَإِذَا قَامُوا إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ قَامُوا كُسَالَىٰ يُرَاءُونَ النَّاسَ وَلَا يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا (سورة النساء: 142)
قال تعالى في المنافقين: وإذا قاموا إلى الصلاة قاموا كسالى يراءون الناس ولا يذكرون الله إلا قليلا (النساء 4:142). وفسر ابن كثير الرياء هنا بقوله: "أي: لا إخلاص لهم"، وبين أن الكسل صفة ظواهرهم وأن الرياء صفة بواطنهم الفاسدة. وهذا معنى قول الجواب إن كل منافق يكون مرائيا، مع أن أصل النفاق إبطان الكفر.
Scholarly Insight: The Prophet feared hidden shirk for his Companions more than the False Messiah (Sunan Ibn Majah 4204, graded hasan by al-Albani), and Allah leaves a deed in which another is associated with Him (Sahih Muslim 2985). Ibn Rajab distinguishes showing off present from the start of a deed, which voids it, from a passing thought that is pushed away, which does no harm. Hypocrisy is graver: it is concealed disbelief, and the hypocrites show off even in prayer (An-Nisa 4:142). Read more in the tafsir of Surah An-Nisa.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
How does hypocrisy differ from showing off (riya)?
The answer explains that showing off is doing a deed for the praise of people rather than for Allah, a hidden shirk, while hypocrisy is showing faith and concealing disbelief, which takes a person out of the religion.
Does showing off cancel all of a person's good deeds?
No. The answer says it spoils only the deed it enters; Ibn Rajab adds that a passing thought of showing off that is pushed away does no harm.
Why is showing off called hidden shirk?
Because the deed is shared between Allah and the praise of people; Allah says: whoever associates another with Me in a deed, I leave him and his partnership (Sahih Muslim 2985).
Is every hypocrite a show-off?
Yes, as the answer states; Allah describes the hypocrites as standing lazily for prayer, showing off to people (An-Nisa 4:142).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →