What Is the Good Word Allah Compared to a Tree, and What Do They Have in Common?
قال الله تعالى: (أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا كَلِمَةً طَيِّبَةً كَشَجَرَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ أَصْلُهَا ثَابِتٌ وَفَرْعُهَا فِي السَّمَاءِ) إبراهيم 14: 24، ما هي الكلمة الطيبة التي شبهها الله بالشجرة؟ وما وجه الشبه بينها وبين الشجرة؟
What is the good word which Allah compared to a tree? And what do they have in common?
The answer explains the good word as the testimony that there is no god but Allah and the deeds it requires, the good tree as the palm, and the likeness: faith is fixed in the heart in knowledge and belief, and its good words and deeds rise to Allah and benefit others; the evil word of disbelief has no root and bears only evil.
The Quran uses the profound metaphor of trees to illustrate the spiritual reality of our beliefs and speech, demonstrating how deep conviction naturally produces visible, beneficial actions.
The Good Word and The Good Tree
1. The Good Word
The good word is the Shahadah (Saying: There is no deity but Allah) and all the deeds which this entails, such as Thikr, prayers, glorifying Allah, giving sincere advice to Muslims, and other such deeds.
2. The Good Tree
The scholars say that the "good tree" refers to the Palm tree because there is much good in it. This is also because the Prophet pbuh likened the believer to a palm tree.
Points of Comparison
1. Firm Roots and High Branches
"Its root is firm" meaning in the ground, and "its branches reach the sky" meaning the branches are scattered high, and it is always very beneficial. "Yielding its fruit in every season by the Will of its Lord" means that the fruits of the tree are beneficial to its owners and those neighboring it at all times.
2. The Tree of Faith in the Heart
This is the same as the tree of faith in the heart of the believer. Its origin is fixed in the heart resulting from one's knowledge and belief. Its branch, which is the outcome of that faith being a good word, a good deed, good morals, and good manners, is always ascending to Allah. As He says: "To Him alone good words ascend, and righteous deeds are raised up by Him". The words and deeds that the tree produces benefit the believer and others benefit from it, exactly like in the advice to Muslims, and like being a good example to others.
The Evil Word and The Evil Tree
As for the evil word, it is the word of disbelief and everything that branches from it, such as prohibited acts and obscenities. It is a tree in which there is no good, for it is evil and its produce is evil.
"And the parable of an evil word is that of an evil tree, uprooted from the earth, having no stability." This means it has no roots to hold it and no good fruit that it produces. If there is a fruit, it is a rotten, evil fruit. This is like the word of disbelief and sin, which has no beneficial firmness in the heart and yields nothing but evil words and evil deeds that harm its owner and those around it. No good deeds will rise up to Allah from him, and he will not benefit himself, nor will others benefit from him.
The Quranic Verses
(Do you not see how Allah compares a good word to a good tree? Its root is firm and its branches reach the sky, always yielding its fruit in every season by the Will of its Lord. This is how Allah sets forth parables for the people, so perhaps they will be mindful. And the parable of an evil word is that of an evil tree, uprooted from the earth, having no stability.) Surah Ibrahim 14: 24 to 26.
ما هي الكلمة الطيبة التي شبهها الله بالشجرة؟ وما وجه الشبه بينها وبين الشجرة؟
يبين الجواب أن الكلمة الطيبة شهادة أن لا إله إلا الله والأعمال التي تقتضيها، وأن الشجرة الطيبة النخلة، ووجه الشبه: أن الإيمان ثابت في القلب علما واعتقادا، وكلمه الطيب وعمله الصالح يصعد إلى الله وينتفع به غيره، وأن الكلمة الخبيثة كلمة الكفر لا أصل لها ولا تثمر إلا خبيثا.
يستخدم القرآن الاستعارة البليغة للأشجار لتوضيح الحقيقة الروحية لعقائدنا وأقوالنا، مبينا كيف أن اليقين العميق ينتج بطبيعته أفعالا مرئية ونافعة.
الكلمة الطيبة والشجرة الطيبة
1. الكلمة الطيبة
المراد بالكلمة الطيبة كلمة الشهادة: لا إله إلا الله، والأعمال التي تقتضيها هذه الكلمة، من ذكر لله وصلاة وتسبيح ونصح للمسلمين إلى غير ذلك من الأعمال.
2. الشجرة الطيبة
كشجرة طيبة: يرى العلماء أن المراد بالشجرة الطيبة النخلة، لأنها كثيرة النفع ولأن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم شبه المؤمن بالنخلة.
أوجه الشبه
1. ثبات الأصل وعلو الفرع
"أصلها ثابت": أي في الأرض. "وفرعها في السماء": أي فروعها منتشرة في السماء، وهي كثيرة النفع دائما. "تؤتي أكلها كل حين بإذن ربها": أي أن ثمرة الشجرة الطيبة تنفع أصحابها ومن جاورها في كل آن وحين، وفي كل زمان ومكان.
2. شجرة الإيمان في القلب
وكذلك شجرة الإيمان في قلب المؤمن، أصلها ثابت في القلب علما واعتقادا. وفرعها الذي هو آثار ذلك الإيمان من كلم طيب وعمل صالح وأخلاق مرضية، وآداب حسنة دائمة الصعود إلى الله كما في قوله: "إليه يصعد الكلم الطيب والعمل الصالح يرفعه". وما تخرجه الشجرة من الأقوال والأعمال ينتفع به المؤمن وينتفع غيره بذلك كما في النصيحة للمسلمين، وكما القدوة الحسنة.
الكلمة الخبيثة والشجرة الخبيثة
أما الكلمة الخبيثة فهي كلمة الكفر وكل ما كان فرعا لها كالمحرمات والفواحش والموبقات، فهي شجرة لا خير فيها، بل هي خبيثة وناتجها خبيث.
"اجتثت من فوق الأرض ما لها من قرار" أي: ليس لها عروق تمسكها، ولا ثمرة صالحة تنتجها، بل إن وجد فيها ثمرة فهي ثمرة خبيثة. فذلك مثل كلمة الكفر والمعاصي، ليس لها ثبوت نافع في القلب ولا تثمر إلا كل قول خبيث وعمل خبيث يضر به صاحبه ويضر من حوله، ولا ينتفع، فلا يصعد إلى الله منه عمل صالح ولا ينفع نفسه، ولا ينتفع به غيره.
الآيات القرآنية
(أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا كَلِمَةً طَيِّبَةً كَشَجَرَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ أَصْلُهَا ثَابِتٌ وَفَرْعُهَا فِي السَّمَاءِ ﴿٢٤﴾ تُؤْتِي أُكُلَهَا كُلَّ حِينٍ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهَا ۗ وَيَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ الْأَمْثَالَ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ ﴿٢٥﴾ وَمَثَلُ كَلِمَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ كَشَجَرَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ اجْتُثَّتْ مِن فَوْقِ الْأَرْضِ مَا لَهَا مِن قَرَارٍ ﴿٢٦﴾) إبراهيم 14: 24 إلى 26.
1. The Firm Word in This Life and the Grave | القول الثابت
The next verse says: Allah keeps firm those who believe with the firm word in the life of this world and in the Hereafter (Ibrahim 14:27). The Prophet said: When the believer is seated in his grave, he is visited, then he testifies that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; that is His saying: Allah keeps firm those who believe with the firm word (Sahih al-Bukhari 1369). Al-Sa'di adds that Allah keeps them firm in this life against doubts and desires, and at death and in the grave.
يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ (سورة إبراهيم: 27)
قال النبي ﷺ: "إذا أقعد المؤمن في قبره أتي، ثم شهد أن لا إله إلا الله، وأن محمدا رسول الله، فذلك قوله: يثبت الله الذين آمنوا بالقول الثابت" (صحيح البخاري 1369). وبين السعدي أن الله يثبتهم في الحياة الدنيا عند ورود الشبهات وعروض الشهوات، وفي الآخرة عند الموت وفي القبر عند سؤال الملكين.
2. A Palm Tree in Paradise | نخلة في الجنة
The good tree of the parable is the palm, and the Prophet said: Whoever says Subhan Allah al-Azim wa bihamdih, a palm tree is planted for him in Paradise (Jami at-Tirmidhi 3464, graded hasan sahih gharib by al-Tirmidhi). Words of remembrance are among the branches of the good word that rise to Allah.
الشجرة الطيبة في المثل هي النخلة، وقد قال النبي ﷺ: "من قال سبحان الله العظيم وبحمده غرست له نخلة في الجنة" (جامع الترمذي 3464، وقال: حسن صحيح غريب). وكلمات الذكر من فروع الكلمة الطيبة التي تصعد إلى الله.
3. Sincere Advice, a Fruit of Faith | النصيحة من ثمار الإيمان
The answer names sincere advice to Muslims among the fruits of the good word. The Prophet said: The religion is sincere advice. We asked: To whom? He said: To Allah, His Book, His Messenger, the leaders of the Muslims, and their common people (Sahih Muslim 55). Allah describes the saved as those who believe, do righteous deeds, and urge one another to the truth and to patience (Al-Asr 103:3).
إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالْحَقِّ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالصَّبْرِ (سورة العصر: 3)
ذكر الجواب النصح للمسلمين من ثمار الكلمة الطيبة. قال النبي ﷺ: "الدين النصيحة"، قلنا: لمن؟ قال: "لله ولكتابه ولرسوله ولأئمة المسلمين وعامتهم" (صحيح مسلم 55). ووصف الله الناجين بأنهم آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات وتواصوا بالحق وتواصوا بالصبر (العصر 103:3).
Scholarly Insight: The answer's explanation follows al-Sa'di's tafsir of these verses: the tree of faith has its root fixed in the believer's heart in knowledge and belief, and its branches of good words, righteous deeds, and good character constantly rise to Allah, benefiting the believer and others; the word of disbelief has no beneficial firmness in the heart and bears only evil words and deeds. Al-Sa'di adds that Allah strikes such parables to bring abstract meanings close through what can be seen. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Ibrahim.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What is the good word compared to in the Quran?
To a good tree whose root is firm and whose branches reach the sky, giving its fruit at all times (Ibrahim 14:24-25). The answer, like al-Sa'di, explains the tree as the palm.
How does the believer resemble the good tree?
His faith is fixed in his heart in knowledge and belief, and its branches, good words, righteous deeds, and good character, constantly rise to Allah and benefit others, as in sincere advice and good example.
What does the evil tree represent?
The word of disbelief and the sins that branch from it. Like a tree uprooted from the earth, it has no roots to hold it and no good fruit; it yields only evil words and deeds (Ibrahim 14:26).
What is the firm word in the grave?
The Prophet said that when the believer is seated in his grave, he testifies that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; that is the firm word of Ibrahim 14:27 (Sahih al-Bukhari 1369).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →