When Did the Prophet (PBUH) Start Calling to Islam Openly?
متى بدأ الرسول بالدعوة إلى الإسلام جهرا؟
Revelation was revealed entrusting the Messenger of Allah to call people publicly, to believe in Allah. The first thing that was revealed in this regard was the Almighty’s saying: “And warn ˹all, starting with˺ your closest relatives” [Al-Shu’ara’: 26-214].
And the first thing the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, did after the revelation of this Ayah was that he called Banu Hashim, and they came to him with a group of Banu al-Muttalib Ibn Abd Manaf.
(The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) ascended the Safa (mountain) and started calling, “O Bani Fihr! O Bani `Adi!” addressing various tribes of Quraysh till they were assembled. Those who could not come themselves, sent their messengers to see what was there. Abu Lahab and other people from Quraysh came and the Prophet (Peace be Upon him) then said, “Suppose I told you that there is an (enemy) cavalry in the valley intending to attack you, would you believe me?” They said, “Yes, for we have not found you telling anything other than the truth.” He then said, “I am a warner to you in face of a terrific punishment.” Abu Lahab said (to the Prophet) “May your hands perish all this day. Is it for this purpose you have gathered us?” Then it was revealed: “May the hands of Abu Lahab perish, and he ˹himself˺ perish”, [Al-Massad: 111-1])
نزل الوحي يكلف رسول الله بإظهار الدعوة ، أول ما نزل بهذا الصدد قوله تعالى:(وأنذر عشيرتك الأقربين)
وأول ما فعل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بعد نزول هذه الآية، أنه دعا بني هاشم فحضروا، ومعهم نفر من بني المطلب بن عبد مناف، وقام الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم على جبل الصفا فقال:( يا صباحاه) ودعاهم إلى التوحيد والإيمان برسالته ، واليوم الآخر، وقال:( أرأيتكم لو أخبرتكم أن خيلًا بالوادي تريد أن تغير عليكم ، أكنتم مصدقي؟) قالوا: نعم، ما جربنا عليك الا صدقا، قال : ( فاني نذير لكم بين يدي عذاب شديد) . فقال أبو لهب: تبا لك سائر اليوم ! ألهذا جمعتنا ؟ فنزلت (تَبَّتْ يَدَآ أَبِى لَهَبٍۢ وَتَبَّ) المسد:1
1. The Divine Mandate in the Fourth Year | الأمر الرباني بالجهر بعد ثلاث سنوات من الدعوة الفردية
After three years of discreet personal calling that assembled a devoted core of early Muslims, Allah commanded the transition to open preaching: "And warn your closest relatives." The era of concealment came to an end by direct divine decree.
وَأَنذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ (سورة الشعراء: 214)
بعد ثلاث سنوات من الدعوة السرية المباركة التي أثمرت إسلام ثلة من السابقين، نزل أمر السماء بالانتقال إلى العلن: {وَأَنذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ}، لتبلغ كلمة الحق كل بيت في بطحاء مكة.
2. Ascending Mount Safa and the Urgent Alarm | صعود جبل الصفا والنداء بصباحاه لجمع قريش
The Prophet climbed Mount Safa and shouted the customary Arabian alarm of imminent danger: "Ya Sabahah!" Curious Meccans hurried from every quarter to gather below, while those unable to come dispatched representatives to witness what had occurred.
فَاصْدَعْ بِمَا تُؤْمَرُ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ (سورة الحجر: 94)
صعد النبي ﷺ على جبل الصفا وهتف بنداء النذير العاجل عند العرب: "واصباحاه!" فهرع إليه أهل مكة من كل صوب، ومن لم يستطع الخروج أرسل رسولاً ليرى ما الخبر.
3. Establishing Personal Credibility Before the Message | استنطاق القوم بشهادة الصدق قبل إبلاغ الرسالة
Before delivering the divine warning, Muhammad established his moral foundation: "If I told you an enemy cavalry was behind this hill preparing to charge, would you believe me?" They responded unanimously: "Yes, we have never found you tell anything but the truth!"
فَقَدْ لَبِثْتُ فِيكُمْ عُمُرًا مِّن قَبْلِهِ (سورة يونس: 16)
قدّم النبي لدعوته ببرهان خلقه العظيم، فسألهم: "أرأيتم لو أخبرتكم أن خيلاً تخرج بسفح هذا الجبل تريد أن تغير عليكم أكنتم مصدقي؟" فقالوا جميعاً: "نعم، ما جربنا عليك كذباً قط"، فاستوثق من شهادتهم.
4. The Fearless Warning of Divine Accountability | الإنذار الصريح بكلمة التوحيد وعذاب يوم القيامة
Having secured their testimony of his truthfulness, the Prophet proclaimed: "I am a warner sent to you before a severe punishment! O Banu Abd Manaf, O Banu Hashim, O Fatimah daughter of Muhammad: save yourselves from the Fire, for I possess nothing for you before Allah!"
وَمَا أَنَا إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ مُّبِينٌ (سورة الأحقاف: 9)
أعلن النبي بلاغه الصادع: "فإني نذير لكم بين يدي عذاب شديد! يا معشر قريش، اشتروا أنفسكم من الله لا أغني عنكم من الله شيئاً، يا فاطمة بنت محمد سليني من مالي ما شئت لا أغني عنك من الله شيئاً".
5. Abu Lahab's Hostility and the Revelation of Surah Al-Masad | عداوة أبي لهب ونزول سورة المسد تنديداً بكيده
While the crowd stood in stunned silence, his uncle Abu Lahab shouted bitterly: "Perdition to you for the rest of the day! Is it for this that you gathered us?" In response to this blasphemous insolence, Allah revealed Surah Al-Masad, cementing Abu Lahab's eternal damnation.
تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ (سورة المسد: 1)
بينما ساد الوجوم جمع قريش، انبرى عمه أبو لهب بحقد قائلاً: "تباً لك سائر اليوم! ألهذا جمعتنا؟" فأنزل الله رداً حاسماً سورة المسد: {تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ}، معلنة خسرانه الأبدي في نار جهنم.
Scholarly Insight: The proclamation at Mount Safa marks the historical turning point of Islam: shifting from a quiet personal devotion into a public challenge against systemic injustice and idolatry. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Masad.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
In which year of the mission did the Prophet start preaching openly?
In the fourth year of prophethood, following three years of private calling.
Where did the Prophet gather Quraysh to announce the open call?
He gathered them at Mount Safa in Mecca.
What did the people say when he asked if they would believe his warning?
They affirmed: "Yes, we have never experienced anything from you except truthfulness."
How did Abu Lahab react to the open call at Mount Safa?
He reacted with hostility, shouting: "May you perish for the rest of the day! Is it for this you gathered us?"
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →