When Did the Prophet (PBUH) Start Calling to Islam Openly?
متى بدأ الرسول بالدعوة إلى الإسلام جهرا؟
Revelation was revealed entrusting the Messenger of Allah to call people publicly, to believe in Allah. The first thing that was revealed in this regard was the Almighty’s saying: “And warn ˹all, starting with˺ your closest relatives” [Al-Shu’ara’: 26-214].
And the first thing the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, did after the revelation of this Ayah was that he called Banu Hashim, and they came to him with a group of Banu al-Muttalib Ibn Abd Manaf.
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) stood on Mount Safa and called out, “Ya Sabahah!”, and called them to the Oneness of Allah, to belief in his message and in the Last Day, and said: “Suppose I told you that there are horsemen in the valley intending to attack you, would you believe me?” They said: “Yes, we have never experienced anything from you but truthfulness.” He said: “Then I am a warner to you before a severe punishment.” Abu Lahab said: “May you perish for the rest of the day! Is it for this that you gathered us?” Then it was revealed: “May the hands of Abu Lahab perish, and he ˹himself˺ perish” (Al-Masad 111:1).
نزل الوحي يكلف رسول الله بإظهار الدعوة، أول ما نزل بهذا الصدد قوله تعالى:(وأنذر عشيرتك الأقربين)
وأول ما فعل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بعد نزول هذه الآية، أنه دعا بني هاشم فحضروا، ومعهم نفر من بني المطلب بن عبد مناف، وقام الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم على جبل الصفا فقال:(يا صباحاه) ودعاهم إلى التوحيد والإيمان برسالته، واليوم الآخر، وقال:(أرأيتكم لو أخبرتكم أن خيلًا بالوادي تريد أن تغير عليكم، أكنتم مصدقي؟) قالوا: نعم، ما جربنا عليك إلا صدقا، قال: (فإني نذير لكم بين يدي عذاب شديد). فقال أبو لهب: تبا لك سائر اليوم ! ألهذا جمعتنا؟ فنزلت (تَبَّتْ يَدَآ أَبِى لَهَبٍۢ وَتَبَّ) المسد:1
1. The Divine Mandate in the Fourth Year | الأمر الرباني بالجهر بعد ثلاث سنوات من الدعوة الفردية
After the three years of the secret call (the stages of the Meccan period), Allah commanded: "And warn your closest relatives." Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) reports that when this verse came down, the Prophet ﷺ went up al-Safa and called out to the clans of Quraysh (Sahih al-Bukhari 4770).
وَأَنذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ (سورة الشعراء: 214)
بعد ثلاث سنوات من الدعوة السرية نزل قوله تعالى: (وَأَنذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ)، قال ابن عباس: لما نزلت صعد النبي ﷺ على الصفا فجعل ينادي بطون قريش (صحيح البخاري 4770).
2. Ascending Mount Safa and the Urgent Alarm | صعود جبل الصفا والنداء بصباحاه لجمع قريش
He called the alarm "Ya Sabahah!" (Sahih al-Bukhari 4971), and the clans gathered; whoever could not come sent someone to see what was happening (Sahih al-Bukhari 4770).
هتف ﷺ: «يا صباحاه» (صحيح البخاري 4971)، فاجتمعوا إليه، وجعل الرجل إذا لم يستطع أن يخرج أرسل رسولا لينظر ما هو (صحيح البخاري 4770).
3. Establishing Personal Credibility Before the Message | استنطاق القوم بشهادة الصدق قبل إبلاغ الرسالة
He asked: "Suppose I told you that horsemen were in the valley about to attack you, would you believe me?" They said: "Yes, we have never experienced anything from you but truthfulness" (Sahih al-Bukhari 4770).
قال: «أرأيتكم لو أخبرتكم أن خيلا بالوادي تريد أن تغير عليكم أكنتم مصدقي؟» قالوا: نعم، ما جربنا عليك إلا صدقا (صحيح البخاري 4770).
4. The Fearless Warning of Divine Accountability | الإنذار الصريح بكلمة التوحيد وعذاب يوم القيامة
Then he said: "I am a warner to you before a severe punishment" (Sahih al-Bukhari 4770). In Abu Hurayrah's report of the same verse, he called out: "O people of Quraysh, save yourselves; I cannot avail you anything against Allah ... O Fatimah daughter of Muhammad, ask me for whatever you wish of my wealth; I cannot avail you anything against Allah" (Sahih al-Bukhari 4771).
وَمَا أَنَا إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ مُّبِينٌ (سورة الأحقاف: 9)
ثم قال: «فإني نذير لكم بين يدي عذاب شديد» (صحيح البخاري 4770)، وفي رواية أبي هريرة عند نزول الآية نفسها: «يا معشر قريش اشتروا أنفسكم، لا أغني عنكم من الله شيئا ... يا فاطمة بنت محمد سليني ما شئت من مالي، لا أغني عنك من الله شيئا» (صحيح البخاري 4771).
5. Abu Lahab's Hostility and the Revelation of Surah Al-Masad | عداوة أبي لهب ونزول سورة المسد تنديداً بكيده
Abu Lahab said: "May you perish for the rest of the day! Is it for this that you gathered us?" Then the surah was revealed: "May the hands of Abu Lahab perish, and he ˹himself˺ perish!" (111:1; Sahih al-Bukhari 4770).
تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ (سورة المسد: 1)
فقال أبو لهب: تبا لك سائر اليوم، ألهذا جمعتنا؟ فنزلت: (تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ) (صحيح البخاري 4770).
Scholarly Insight: Ibn Ashur examines the timing of the command in 26:214: “This hadith implies that Surah Ash-Shu'ara was revealed before the surah of Abu Lahab, although the surah of Abu Lahab was counted sixth in the order of surahs and Surah Ash-Shu'ara forty-seventh.” His proposed explanation for this verse is: “It was revealed separately before Surah Ash-Shu'ara.” See the stages of the Meccan mission. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Ash-Shu'ara.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
In which year of the mission did the Prophet start preaching openly?
In the fourth year of prophethood, following three years of private calling.
Where did the Prophet gather Quraysh to announce the open call?
He gathered them at Mount Safa in Mecca.
What did the people say when he asked if they would believe his warning?
They affirmed: "Yes, we have never experienced anything from you except truthfulness."
How did Abu Lahab react to the open call at Mount Safa?
He reacted with hostility, shouting: "May you perish for the rest of the day! Is it for this you gathered us?"
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →