How Did Quraysh React When the Prophet (PBUH) Began Calling to Islam Openly?
ما هي ردة فعل قريش على جهر النبي ﷺ بالدعوة؟ وما أثر هذا الصنيع على الدعوة؟
His Da’wah in public started when the season of Hajj was close. The Arab tribes headed towards Makkah in this season, so Quraysh wanted to cut this Da’wah off. Quraysh knew that the Arab delegations would come to them. They thought that it was necessary to say a word to the Arabs regarding Muhammad, peace be upon him, so that his Da’wah would not have an impact on the Arabs.
Quraysh consulted Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah, who was one of the masters of the Arabs, and he told them that they must agree on one word to be said about Muhammad, peace be upon him, so that they would not belie each other. It was mentioned in some narrations that he said to them: “Give me time to think about it”, so he kept thinking until he came up with his opinion which he explained to them…
Al-Walid put together all the adjectives used to describe the Prophet, peace be upon him, such as being a soothsayer, a mad man, a poet, a liar, or a magician. However, those descriptions were not appropriate in describing him, peace be upon him, so Quraysh excluded them except calling him a magician, since he caused separation between the husband and his wife between the son and his father, and between the brothers, although his apparent characteristics had nothing to do with that of the magician.
That was the opinion of Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah, which was mentioned in the Noble Qur’an, with a precise detailed description of his situation. Allah the Almighty says: “for he contemplated and determined ˹a degrading label for the Quran˺ May he be condemned! How evil was what he determined! May he be condemned even more! How evil was what he determined! Then he re-contemplated ˹in frustration˺, then frowned and scowled, then turned his back ˹on the truth˺ and acted arrogantly, saying, “This ˹Quran˺ is nothing but magic from the ancients. This is no more than the word of a man.” [Al-Muddathir 74: 18-25]
After the assembly agreed on that decision, they began to implement it. They sat in the paths of the people when they arrived Makkah to warn them about the Prophet, calling him names.
The main executor of this fabrication and falsehood was Abu Lahab. The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, used to follow the people during the season of Hajj to their homes, and he used to follow them in Okaz, Majnah and Dhu al-Majaz, calling them to worship Allah the Almighty, while Abu Lahab used to walk behind him saying to those people, “Do not obey him, for he is a liar.”
Oddly enough, their plot fired back as it affected the Da’wah in a positive way the Arabs never thought of. Their claims and lies made free propaganda for the Da’wah of the Prophet, peace be upon him, among the pilgrims. As a result, the pilgrims made one of their goals to listen to the one whose people claim that he was a magician. Consequently, the Arabs spread what they heard during the season of Hajj to other countries that a man in Makkah claimed that Allah the Almighty had sent him, and news about him, peace be upon him, spread all over the Arab countries.
وافق جهره ﷺ بالدعوة قرب موسم الحج الذي تفد فيه قبائل العرب على مكة، فأرادت قريش أن تقطع وعرفت قريش أن وفود العرب ستقدم عليهم، فرأت أنه لا بد من كلمة يقولونها للعرب في شأن محمد ﷺ حتى لا يكون لدعوته أثر في نفوس العرب.
استشارت قريش الوليد بن المغيرة وهو سيد من سادات العرب، فقال لهم الوليد إنه لا بد أن تتفق قريش على كلمة واحدة تقال في محمد ﷺ، بحيث لا يكذب بعضهم بعضًا، وتذكر الروايات أنه قال لهم: ” أمهلوني حتى أفكر في ذلك، فظل الوليد يفكر ويفكر، حتى أبدى لهم رأيه…”.
جمع الوليد كل ما قيل في النبي ﷺ من أنه كاهن، أو مجنون، أو شاعر، أو كاذب، أو ساحر، فلم تكن تلك الأوصاف لائقة بجنابه ﷺ فاستبعدوها، لكنهم رأوا أن يقولوا إنه ساحر، لأنه يفرق بين المرء وزوجه وبين الابن وأبيه، وبين الأخ وأخيه، وإن كانت أوصافه الظاهرة ليست أوصاف الساحر.
كان ذلك هو رأي الوليد بن المغيرة الذي سطره القرآن الكريم، ووصف حاله بدقة متناهية، وذلك في قول الله تعالى: “إِنَّهُ فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ. فَقُتِلَ كَيْفَ قَدَّرَ. ثُمَّ قُتِلَ كَيْفَ قَدَّرَ. ثُمَّ نَظَرَ. ثُمَّ عَبَسَ وَبَسَرَ. ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ. فَقالَ إِنْ هذا إِلَّا سِحْرٌ يُؤْثَرُ. إِنْ هذا إِلَّا قَوْلُ الْبَشَرِ”
وبعد أن اتفق المجلس على هذا القرار أخذوا في تنفيذه، فجلسوا بسبل الناس حين قدموا الموسم، لا يمر بهم أحد إلا حذروه إياه، وذكروا لهم أمره.
كان المنفذ الأكبر لهذا الإفك والباطل هو أبو لهب، فقد كان رسول الله ﷺ يتبع الناس إذا وافى الموسم في منازلهم وفي عكاظ ومجنة وذي المجاز، يدعوهم إلى الله، وأبو لهب وراءه يقول: لا تطيعوه فإنه صابئ كذاب.
أَثَّرَ ذلك على الدعوة بطريقة إيجابية لم تكن العرب تحسب حسابها، فقد صنعت دعاية مجانية لدعوة النبي ﷺ في أذهان الحجيج، فجعل الحجيج أحد أهدافهم الاستماع إلى هذا الذي يزعم قومه أنه ساحر، فأدى ذلك إلى أن صدرت العرب من ذلك الموسم وهي تتداول فيما بينها أن رجلاً في مكة يزعم أن الله قد بعثه، وانتشر ذكره ﷺ في بلاد العرب كلها.
1. Mockery, Slander, and Psychological Warfare | الاستهزاء والسخرية والحرب النفسية والإعلامية
Quraysh initially unleashed psychological warfare to dissuade Arabs from listening: branding the Prophet a sorcerer who divides families (sahir), an inspired poet (sha'ir), or a madman (majnun). They stationed agents at Mecca's entrances during pilgrimage to warn visitors against his speech.
وَعَجِبُوا أَن جَاءَهُم مُّنذِرٌ مِّنْهُمْ وَقَالَ الْكَافِرُونَ هَـٰذَا سَاحِرٌ كَذَّابٌ (سورة ص: 4)
شنت قريش حملة إعلامية ونفسية مسعورة لتشويه الدعوة؛ فرموا النبي بأنه ساحر يفرق بين المرء وأهله، أو شاعر، أو كاهن مجنون، ووقفوا على مداخل مكة في موسم الحج ليصدوا الناس عن سماع القرآن.
2. Brutal Torture of Vulnerable Believers | التعذيب الجسدي والتنكيل بالمستضعفين من المؤمنين
Lacking tribal protection, early impoverished converts were subjected to agonizing torture: Bilal ibn Rabah was crushed under burning desert boulders, Khabbab was burned with live coals, and Yasir and his wife Sumayyah were martyred as the first martyrs of Islam.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُوا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُوبُوا فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ (سورة البروج: 10)
أعمل صناديد قريش آلات التعذيب في المستضعفين الذين لا عشيرة تحميهم؛ فعُذب بلال على رمضاء مكة بالصخور الملتهبة، وكُوِي خباب بالجمر، واستشهد ياسر وزوجه سمية أول شهيدة في الإسلام.
3. Diplomatic Bribes: Offering Kingship and Wealth | محاولات المساومة والإغراء بالملك والمال
When persecution failed to extinguish faith, Quraysh dispatched Utbah ibn Rabi'ah with lavish compromises: offering to make Muhammad their undisputed king, gather unmatched wealth for him, or marry him to the finest noblewomen if he abandoned preaching Tawheed.
أَجَعَلَ الْآلِهَةَ إِلَـٰهًا وَاحِدًا إِنَّ هَـٰذَا لَشَيْءٌ عُجَابٌ (سورة ص: 5)
لما عجز التعذيب عن ثني المؤمنين، أرسلت قريش عتبة بن ربيعة للمساومة؛ فعرضوا عليه تمليكه عليهم، وجمع أموال طائلة ليصير أغناهم، وتزويجه بأشرف نسائهم، شرط أن يترك سب آلهتهم.
4. The Firm Prophetic Response to Temptation | الرد النبوي الحاسم: لو وضعوا الشمس في يميني
The Prophet rejected all worldly enticements; in a well-known report by Ibn Ishaq (whose chain hadith scholars consider weak), he told his uncle Abu Talib: "By Allah, if they placed the sun in my right hand and the moon in my left on condition that I abandon this mission, I would never abandon it until Allah makes it triumph or I perish in the attempt."
قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ لَا أَعْبُدُ مَا تَعْبُدُونَ (سورة الكافرون: 1-2)
رد النبي ﷺ رداً مبدئياً حاسماً، وفي رواية ابن إسحاق (وفي إسنادها ضعف عند المحدثين) أنه قال لعمه أبي طالب: "والله يا عم، لو وضعوا الشمس في يميني والقمر في يساري على أن أترك هذا الأمر حتى يظهره الله أو أهلك فيه ما تركته أبداً".
5. The Three-Year Cruel Boycott in the Valley of Abu Talib | الحصار الاقتصادي والاجتماعي الجائر في الشِّعب
Frustrated by his resilience, all clans of Quraysh signed a parchment covenant banishing Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib to the arid Valley of Abu Talib, cutting off food, trade, and marriage for three agonizing years until termites miraculously devoured the unjust document.
وَإِذْ يَمْكُرُ بِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِيُثْبِتُوكَ أَوْ يَقْتُلُوكَ أَوْ يُخْرِجُوكَ وَيَمْكُرُونَ وَيَمْكُرُ اللَّـهُ (سورة الأنفال: 30)
أطبق كفار قريش حصاراً شاملاً على بني هاشم والمطلب في شِعب أبي طالب ثلاث سنوات عجاف؛ قاطعوهم في النكاح والبيع حتى أكلوا أوراق الشجر، حتى أرسل الله الأرضة فأكلت وثيقة الظلم.
Scholarly Insight: Quraysh's relentless tactics illustrate the universal struggle between divine truth and entrenched corrupt power, proving that material pressure cannot break divinely guided conviction. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Sad.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
How did Quraysh initially react to the public preaching of Islam?
They reacted with mocking, slander, accusing the Prophet of being a sorcerer, poet, or madman.
What did Quraysh do to early Muslims who lacked tribal protection?
They subjected them to brutal torture, such as placing boulders on Bilal and martyring Yasir and Sumayyah.
What diplomatic compromises did Quraysh offer to Prophet Muhammad?
They offered to make him their king, give him immense wealth, or cure him through physicians if he ceased preaching.
What was the three-year boycott of Banu Hashim?
A comprehensive social and economic blockade in the Valley of Abu Talib where all trade and marriage with them were banned.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →