Why is it not permitted for a woman to marry three or four men like men who are permitted to marry four women?
لماذا لا يجوز للمرأة أن تتزوج بثلاثة أو أربعة رجال، كما يحق للرجل الزواج بثلاث أو أربع زوجات؟
The prohibition of a woman marrying multiple men is rooted in profound divine wisdom, ensuring the psychological, social, and physical well being of both women and their future offspring.
ينبع تحريم زواج المرأة من عدة رجال من حكمة إلهية عميقة، تضمن الرفاه النفسي والاجتماعي والجسدي لكل من النساء وذريتهن في المستقبل.
The Wisdom Behind the Prohibition | الحكمة من التحريم
1. Surrendering to Divine Command
First, believing in Allah requires surrendering to His command. It is permissible for a Muslim to ask about the reason for orders and prohibitions. If he understands them, then that is good, and if he does not reach them, let him know that Allah knows what is good for His creation and He is Wise in what is prescribed for them.
1. الاستسلام لأمر الله
أولا: الإيمان بالله سبحانه يقتضي الاستسلام لأمره، ويشرع للمسلم أن يطلب معرفة الحكمة من الأوامر والنواهي، فإن وصل إليها فحسن، وإن لم يصل إليها فليعلم أن الله عليم بما يصلح لعباده وهو حكيم فيما يشرع لهم.
2. The Consensus of Faiths
Second, all faiths including Islam, Judaism, and Christianity agree that the woman should only have one husband and therefore have marital relations with one man only.
2. إجماع الأديان السماوية
ثانيا: جميع الديانات متفقة على أنه لا يجوز أن يطأ المرأة غير زوجها، على الرغم من أن هذه الديانات ما هو سماوي بلا شك، كالإسلام وأصل اليهودية والنصرانية.
3. Preservation of Lineage
Thirdly, Allah Almighty created the woman to carry the children. If we imagine a woman having marital relations with more than one man in the same period of time, and she gets pregnant, the father would be unknown. This inevitably leads to the mixing of genealogy, the destruction of homes, and the displacement of children.
3. حفظ الأنساب
ثالثا: خلق الله سبحانه وتعالى المرأة لتكون كالوعاء الذي يحمل الأبناء، والرجل ليس كذلك، فلو تصورنا أن امرأة قد وطأها أكثر من رجل في وقت واحد، ثم حملت بجنين فلن يعرف من هو أبوه. وهذا سيؤدي حتما إلى اختلاط الأنساب وتهدم البيوت وتشريد الأطفال.
4. The Burden on Women
Fourthly, if such a scenario were to occur, women would become burdened with offspring they must take care of alone, with fathers not being involved. Women could not bear the entire burden to raise and spend on them without the established support of a single father.
4. تحمل أعباء الذرية
رابعا: لو تصور حدوث مثل ذلك، فإن المرأة ستصبح مثقلة بالذرية الذين يجب عليها رعايتهم، مع عدم تكفل الآباء بهم، والمرأة لا تستطيع القيام بتربيتهم والنفقة عليهم بمفردها.
5. Biological and Medical Wisdom
Fifth, it is medically established that one of the most important causes for serious spreadable diseases is women having relations with more than one man concurrently. For this reason, Allah ordained a waiting period (Iddah) for a divorced woman and for a widow in order to cleanse her uterus from the traces of the previous husband before remarrying.
5. الحكمة الطبية والبيولوجية
خامسا: الثابت الآن طبيا أن الأمراض الخطيرة التي انتشرت من أهم أسبابها كون المرأة يطؤها أكثر من رجل. ولذلك شرع الله العدة للمرأة المطلقة أو المتوفى عنها زوجها، حتى تمكث مدة لتطهير رحمها ومسالكها من آثار الزوج السابق، وللحيض أيضا دور في هذه العملية.
Scholarly Insight: In Islamic Jurisprudence, protecting lineage (Hifz al Nasab) is one of the five primary objectives of Islamic law (Maqasid ash Sharia). Since only a woman can become pregnant, polyandry would make identifying the biological father impossible, stripping the child of their rights to paternal inheritance, identity, and financial maintenance. Furthermore, the Quranic law of the waiting period (Iddah) is specifically designed to ensure the womb is completely clear before a woman moves from one marriage to another, physically cementing the prohibition of having multiple partners at once.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Does any divinely revealed religion permit a woman to have multiple husbands?
No. Islam, original Judaism, and Christianity all categorically prohibit a woman from having more than one husband at the same time.
How does the prohibition of polyandry protect children?
It ensures that every child has a clearly identified father. This clear lineage guarantees the child's rights to paternal care, financial support, and future inheritance, preventing the child from being abandoned or displaced.
What is the relationship between this ruling and the waiting period (Iddah)?
The waiting period (Iddah) after a divorce or death ensures that a woman's womb is completely clear of any potential pregnancy from her previous husband before she is permitted to marry a new man, strictly maintaining the separation of lineage.