Who Did Allah Command to Slaughter the Cow?
من هم الذين أمرهم الله عز وجل بذبح البقرة؟
The Children of Israel.
بنو إسرائيل.
1. The Command Given to the Children of Israel | إن الله يأمركم أن تذبحوا بقرة
Allah says: And remember when Moses said to his people, Allah commands you to sacrifice a cow. They replied, Are you mocking us? Moses responded, I seek refuge in Allah from acting foolishly! (2:67). Ibn Kathir explains that Allah says to the Children of Israel: remember My favour upon you in breaking the normal course of things for you in the matter of the cow, in making known through it who the killer was, in Allah reviving the slain man, and in his naming the one among them who killed him. The cow’s description is explained in what the cow’s description was, and why it became so specific in why Allah made the cow so specific.
قَالُوا أَتَتَّخِذُنَا هُزُوًا ۖ قَالَ أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنَ الْجَاهِلِينَ (سورة البقرة: 67)
قال تعالى: (وإذ قال موسى لقومه إن الله يأمركم أن تذبحوا بقرة قالوا أتتخذنا هزوا قال أعوذ بالله أن أكون من الجاهلين) (البقرة 2: 67)، قال ابن كثير: يقول تعالى: واذكروا يا بني إسرائيل نعمتي عليكم في خرق العادة لكم في شأن البقرة، وبيان القاتل من هو بسببها، وإحياء الله المقتول، ونصه على من قتله منهم.
2. A Killing They Disputed Over | وإذ قتلتم نفسا فادارأتم فيها
Allah says: This is when a man was killed and you disputed who the killer was, but Allah revealed what you concealed (2:72). Al-Bukhari explains fadda’ra’tum as: you disagreed, and so did Mujahid; Ibn Jurayj said: some of them said, you killed him, and others said, no, you killed him; and Mujahid explained what you concealed as: what you hid. Ibn Kathir reports from Ubaydah as-Salmani that a rich, childless man of the Children of Israel was killed by his nephew, who was his heir; the nephew carried the body by night to another man’s door and then accused them, until the two sides took up arms against each other, and the wise among them went to Musa. Why the slaughter was commanded is also discussed in why Allah ordered the Children of Israel to slaughter the cow.
وَإِذْ قَتَلْتُمْ نَفْسًا فَادَّارَأْتُمْ فِيهَا ۖ وَاللَّهُ مُخْرِجٌ مَّا كُنتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ (سورة البقرة: 72)
قال تعالى: (وإذ قتلتم نفسا فادارأتم فيها والله مخرج ما كنتم تكتمون) (البقرة 2: 72)، قال البخاري: فادارأتم: اختلفتم، وهكذا قال مجاهد، وقال ابن جريج: قال بعضهم: أنتم قتلتموه، وقال آخرون: بل أنتم قتلتموه، وقال مجاهد في قوله: (ما كنتم تكتمون) (البقرة 2: 72): ما تغيبون، وذكر ابن كثير عن عبيدة السلماني قال: كان رجل من بني إسرائيل عقيما لا يولد له، وكان له مال كثير، وكان ابن أخيه وارثه، فقتله ثم احتمله ليلا فوضعه على باب رجل منهم، ثم أصبح يدعيه عليهم حتى تسلحوا، وركب بعضهم إلى بعض، فقال ذوو الرأي منهم والنهى: علام يقتل بعضكم بعضا وهذا رسول الله فيكم؟ فأتوا موسى عليه السلام فذكروا ذلك له.
3. That Is How Allah Brings the Dead to Life | كذلك يحيي الله الموتى
After the slain man was struck with a piece of the cow, Allah says: This is how Allah brings the dead to life, showing you His signs so that you may understand (2:73). Ibn Kathir explains that Allah drew their attention to His power to revive the dead through what they had witnessed of the slain man, making it a proof for them of the resurrection and an end to their dispute. He notes that this surah mentions the reviving of the dead in five places: Then We brought you back to life after your death (2:56); this story; those who left their homes in their thousands for fear of death (2:243); the man who passed by a town in ruins (2:259); and Ibrahim and the four birds (2:260), explained in what Ibrahim asked Allah to show him.
ثُمَّ بَعَثْنَاكُم مِّن بَعْدِ مَوْتِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (سورة البقرة: 56)
قال تعالى: (كذلك يحيي الله الموتى ويريكم آياته لعلكم تعقلون) (البقرة 2: 73)، قال ابن كثير: نبه تعالى على قدرته وإحيائه الموتى بما شاهدوه من أمر القتيل، جعل تبارك وتعالى ذلك الصنع حجة لهم على المعاد، وفاصلا ما كان بينهم من الخصومة والفساد، وذكر ابن كثير أن الله تعالى ذكر في هذه السورة إحياء الموتى في خمسة مواضع: (ثم بعثناكم من بعد موتكم) (البقرة 2: 56)، وهذه القصة، وقصة الذين خرجوا من ديارهم وهم ألوف حذر الموت (البقرة 2: 243)، وقصة الذي مر على قرية وهي خاوية على عروشها (البقرة 2: 259)، وقصة إبراهيم والطيور الأربعة (البقرة 2: 260).
4. Hearts Harder Than Stone | ثم قست قلوبكم من بعد ذلك
Yet Allah then says: Even then your hearts became hardened like a rock or even harder (2:74). Ibn Kathir explains that this rebukes the Children of Israel after what they had witnessed of Allah’s signs and His reviving of the dead: their hearts became like stones that never soften, and for this Allah forbade the believers from being like them: Has the time not yet come for believers’ hearts to be humbled at the remembrance of Allah and what has been revealed of the truth, and not be like those given the Scripture before, who were spoiled for so long that their hearts became hardened? (57:16)
أَلَمْ يَأْنِ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَن تَخْشَعَ قُلُوبُهُمْ لِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَمَا نَزَلَ مِنَ الْحَقِّ وَلَا يَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِن قَبْلُ فَطَالَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَمَدُ فَقَسَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ (سورة الحديد: 16)
قال تعالى: (ثم قست قلوبكم من بعد ذلك فهي كالحجارة أو أشد قسوة) (البقرة 2: 74)، قال ابن كثير: يقول تعالى توبيخا لبني إسرائيل وتقريعا لهم على ما شاهدوه من آيات الله تعالى وإحيائه الموتى، وبين أن قلوبهم صارت كالحجارة التي لا تلين أبدا، ولهذا نهى الله المؤمنين عن مثل حالهم فقال: (ألم يأن للذين آمنوا أن تخشع قلوبهم لذكر الله وما نزل من الحق ولا يكونوا كالذين أوتوا الكتاب من قبل فطال عليهم الأمد فقست قلوبهم) (الحديد 57: 16).
Scholarly Insight: Ibn Kathir explains that Allah reminds the Children of Israel of His favour in the matter of the cow: the killer was exposed and the slain man revived, a proof of the resurrection, yet their hearts hardened afterwards (2:74). Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Baqarah.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Who did Allah command to slaughter the cow?
The Children of Israel, through Musa: Allah commands you to sacrifice a cow (2:67).
Why were they commanded to slaughter a cow?
Ibn Kathir explains that through it Allah exposed a killer among them: the slain man was struck with a piece of the cow, came back to life and named his killer.
What does fadda’ra’tum mean in 2:72?
Al-Bukhari and Mujahid explain it as: you disagreed. Each side accused the other of the killing.
What does the story teach about the resurrection?
Ibn Kathir explains that Allah made it a proof of the resurrection: This is how Allah brings the dead to life (2:73).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →