What Should a Young Man Who Cannot Afford Marriage Do, and What Is the Guardians' Duty?
بم أمر الله-عز وجل- الشاب الذي لا يجد مالاً يتزوج به؟ وما الذي يجب على الأولياء تجاه أولئك الذين لا يجدون نكاحًا؟
What should young men who cannot marry do?
For young men unable to marry due to financial constraints, Islam commands maintaining strict chastity and avoiding temptation through fasting, prayer, and beneficial activities. Concurrently, guardians are strongly urged not to reject righteous suitors solely due to poverty, trusting in Allah's promise to enrich them.
Islam provides practical spiritual and physical solutions for unmarried youth to protect their chastity, while simultaneously placing a heavy social responsibility on the community to facilitate marriage.
What is the most effective prophetic advice for a young man who cannot marry?
The Prophet Muhammad pbuh specifically prescribed fasting for those unable to marry, as it naturally suppresses physical desires and strengthens spiritual discipline and willpower.
Should a father reject a righteous suitor just because the young man is poor?
No. The Quran explicitly promises that if a righteous couple marries seeking chastity despite poverty, Allah will enrich them from His bounty. A suitor's good character and religious commitment are far more important than his current wealth.
How does one avoid the temptation of illicit relationships?
By occupying oneself with beneficial activities like sports or learning, keeping the company of righteous friends, strictly lowering the gaze, and avoiding environments where temptation is present.
Practical Steps for Chastity
1. The Command to Stay Chaste
Allah commands anyone who is not able to marry, either because he did not find a suitable woman or he does not have money, to stay chaste and stop himself from falling into forbidden acts. (And let those who do not have the means to marry keep themselves chaste until Allah enriches them out of His bounty.) An Nur 24:33.
2. Fasting and Prayer
The Prophet pbuh said: "Young men, those of you who can support a wife should marry... but those who cannot, should devote themselves to fasting, for it is a means of suppressing sexual desire" (Sahih al-Bukhari 5066, Sahih Muslim 1400). One can fast Mondays and Thursdays or the white days of the month. Additionally, praying abundantly and reading the Quran protects a person; the Prophet said that Satan flees from the house in which Surah Al-Baqarah is recited (Sahih Muslim 780).
3. Avoiding Temptation
Self preoccupation with permissible things, such as sports and beneficial hobbies, helps a person forget lusts. One must not go to indecent places or stare at what is forbidden. Allah says: "Do not go near adultery. It is truly a shameful deed and an evil way." Al Isra 17:32.
The Duty of Guardians
Allah instructed the guardians not to prevent their trustees from getting married to those whom they approve of regarding religion and honesty. One should not consider poverty a reason to reject a suitor, because Allah promised to enrich them: (Marry off the free singles among you, as well as the righteous of your bondmen and bondwomen. If they are poor, Allah will enrich them out of His bounty. For Allah is All Bountiful, All Knowing.) An Nur 24:32. The Prophet pbuh stated that the one who gets married seeking to keep himself chaste is promised the help of Allah (Sunan an-Nasa'i 3120, graded hasan).
Scholarly Insight: In Islamic Jurisprudence, managing natural desires when marriage is delayed requires both individual discipline and community support. Scholars highlight that the Prophetic advice of fasting acts as a physical shield (Wija') by lowering bodily energy levels, while prayer acts as a spiritual shield. Furthermore, the Quranic command to "not go near adultery" means actively avoiding all preliminary steps: gazing, private chatting, and inappropriate environments. Ultimately, society must lower the financial barriers to marriage, as making lawful marriage difficult inevitably makes unlawful relationships easier.
بم أمر الله عز وجل الشاب الذي لا يجد مالا يتزوج به؟ وما الذي يجب على الأولياء تجاه أولئك الذين لا يجدون نكاحا؟
بالنسبة للشباب غير القادرين على الزواج لأسباب مالية، يأمر الإسلام بالحفاظ على العفة التامة وتجنب الفتن من خلال الصيام والصلاة والأنشطة النافعة. وفي الوقت نفسه، يُحث الأولياء بقوة على عدم رفض الخاطب الصالح بسبب الفقر وحده، ثقة بوعد الله بإغنائهم.
يقدم الإسلام حلولا روحية وجسدية عملية للشباب غير المتزوجين لحماية عفتهم، ويضع في الوقت نفسه مسؤولية اجتماعية كبرى على المجتمع لتيسير الزواج.
وسائل تحقيق العفاف
1. الأمر بالاستعفاف
في هذه الآية أمر من الله عز وجل لمن لم يجد نكاحا أن يطلب العفاف عن الوقوع في الفاحشة. قال تعالى: (وَلْيَسْتَعْفِفِ الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ نِكَاحًا حَتَّىٰ يُغْنِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ) النور 24: 33.
2. الصيام والصلاة
قال النبي ﷺ: "يا معشر الشباب من استطاع الباءة فليتزوج... ومن لم يستطع فعليه بالصوم، فإنه له وجاء" (صحيح البخاري 5066، صحيح مسلم 1400). ويتحقق ذلك بصيام الاثنين والخميس أو الأيام البيض. وكذلك الإكثار من الصلاة وقراءة القرآن، فإن الشيطان ينفر من البيت الذي تقرأ فيه سورة البقرة (صحيح مسلم 780).
3. تجنب مواطن الفتن
إشغال النفس بما هو مباح كالرياضة والهوايات النافعة، وعدم غشيان مواطن الريبة وإطلاق البصر في الحرام. قال تعالى: (وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا الزِّنَى إِنَّهُ كَانَ فَاحِشَةً وَسَاءَ سَبِيلًا) الإسراء 17: 32.
مسؤولية الأولياء
أرشد الله الأولياء ألا يمتنعوا عن إنكاح من يرضون دينه وأمانته، ولا يجعل الولي الفقر مانعا من التزويج، فإن الله قد وعدهم بالإغناء من فضله الواسع. قال تعالى: (وَأَنكِحُوا الْأَيَامَىٰ مِنكُمْ وَالصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِكُمْ وَإِمَائِكُمْ ۚ إِن يَكُونُوا فُقَرَاءَ يُغْنِهِمُ اللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ). وروى النسائي أن النبي ﷺ قال: "ثلاثة كلهم حق على الله عز وجل عونه... والناكح الذي يريد العفاف" (سنن النسائي 3120، حسن).
1. The Quranic Injunction: Mandatory Chastity (Istifaf) | الأمر بالاستعفاف وصبر النفس عن المحرمات
The Quran delivers a direct ethical mandate to singles lacking economic capacity: "And let those who find not the financial means for marriage keep chaste until Allah enriches them from His bounty" (24:33). Islam never justifies falling into illicit relations under the pretext of delayed marriage.
وَلْيَسْتَعْفِفِ الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ نِكَاحًا حَتَّىٰ يُغْنِيَهُمُ اللَّـهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ (سورة النور: 33)
خاطب القرآن الكريم الشباب المتعسرين بأمر جازم: {وَلْيَسْتَعْفِفِ الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ نِكَاحًا حَتَّىٰ يُغْنِيَهُمُ اللَّـهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ}؛ فالاستعفاف جهاد نفسي وصبر نبيل على مكاره الشهوة؛ ولا يعذر مسلم في اقتراف الفاحشة أو العلاقات المحرمة بدعوى صعوبة الزواج وتكاليفه.
2. The Prophetic Remedy: Fasting as a Biological Shield (Wijaa') | الهدي النبوي في الصوم كوسيلة لضبط الشهوة
Prophet Muhammad offered a practical spiritual remedy: whoever possesses the financial and physical ability (Al-Ba'ah) should marry, and whoever lacks it should fast (Sahih al-Bukhari 5066). Fasting diminishes biological vigor, disciplines the ego, and elevates spiritual focus.
وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَعَلَيْهِ بِالصَّوْمِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَهُ وِجَاءٌ (صحيح البخاري 5066)
رسم النبي ﷺ برنامجا عمليا وقائيا للشباب: "يا معشر الشباب من استطاع منكم الباءة فليتزوج... ومن لم يستطع فعليه بالصوم فإنه له وجاء"؛ فالصيام يضيق مجاري الشيطان في البدن، ويهذب رغبات الجسد، ويقوي الإرادة والصلة بالله حتى يتهيأ الرزق الحلال.
3. Social Responsibility: Community Support and Marriage Facilitation | واجب المجتمع والأولياء في تيسير النكاح ومحاربة غلاء المهور
Islam does not leave struggling youths isolated. Surah An-Nur commands society: "And marry the unmarried among you and the righteous of your servants" (24:32). Guardians should avoid extravagance, accept righteous suitors, and keep dowries modest; preventing a woman from marrying a suitable match is forbidden.
وَأَنكِحُوا الْأَيَامَىٰ مِنكُمْ وَالصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِكُمْ وَإِمَائِكُمْ (سورة النور: 32)
ألقى الإسلام بمسؤولية تيسير الزواج على كاهل المجتمع بأسره: {وَأَنكِحُوا الْأَيَامَىٰ مِنكُمْ وَالصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِكُمْ}؛ فينبغي للآباء والأولياء ترك المباهاة والمغالاة في المهور، ويحرم عليهم العضل بالاشتراطات التعجيزية التي تمنع الزواج وتدفع المجتمع نحو الفتن الأخلاقية.
4. Divine Guarantee of Enrichment for the Sincere | الوعد الإلهي بالغنى والتوفيق لمن ابتغى العفاف
The Quran comforts poor young people pursuing chastity with a divine promise: "If they should be poor, Allah will enrich them from His bounty" (24:32). The Prophet affirmed that Allah has taken upon Himself the duty to help three people, including the one who seeks marriage to maintain personal purity (Jami at-Tirmidhi 1655, graded hasan by at-Tirmidhi).
إِن يَكُونُوا فُقَرَاءَ يُغْنِهِمُ اللَّـهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ ۗ وَاللَّـهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ (سورة النور: 32)
جاءت البشارة الإلهية طاردة للخوف من الفقر: {إِن يَكُونُوا فُقَرَاءَ يُغْنِهِمُ اللَّـهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ}؛ وأكد النبي ﷺ أن "ثلاثة حق على الله عونهم... والناكح الذي يريد العفاف" (جامع الترمذي 1655، وقال: حسن)؛ فمن أقبل على الزواج بنية صالحة يريد العفاف كان حقا على الله عونه.
Scholarly Insight: Islamic law pairs moral responsibility with structural social duty: commanding young people to restrain their desires through fasting while demanding that society lower financial barriers to lawful marriage. Read more in the tafsir of Surah An-Nur.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What did the Prophet advise young men to do if they cannot afford marriage?
He advised them to fast regularly, explaining that fasting serves as a shield curbing physical desire (Sahih al-Bukhari 5066).
What does "Istifaf" mean in Surah An-Nur (24:33)?
It means exercising strict self-restraint and moral chastity, abstaining from all unlawful physical and visual temptations.
What is the duty of parents and guardians regarding dowries?
To facilitate simple, affordable marriages and avoid demanding excessive dowries or lavish wedding expenses.
Does Allah promise to help those who get married to protect their chastity?
Yes, the Prophet taught that Allah has taken upon Himself the duty to assist the one who seeks marriage for chastity.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →