What Is the Other Name of Surah At-Tawbah?
ما هو الاسم الثاني لسورة التوبة؟
Surah Bara'at.
سورة براءة.
1. Bara'ah: The First Word of the Surah | براءة: أول كلمة في السورة
The surah opens with a declaration of disassociation from Allah and His Messenger to the polytheists with whom the Muslims had made treaties (9:1), and the name Bara'ah is taken from that first word. Al-Bara' ibn Azib used it when he said that the last surah revealed was Bara'ah (Sahih al-Bukhari 4654). Al-Qurtubi explains that bara'ah means freeing oneself from something, removing it from oneself and cutting the tie between oneself and it. Because of this opening the surah has no Basmala, as explained in why Surah At-Tawbah does not start with the Basmala.
بَرَاءَةٌ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى الَّذِينَ عَاهَدتُّم مِّنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ (سورة التوبة: 1)
تبدأ السورة بقوله تعالى: (براءة من الله ورسوله إلى الذين عاهدتم من المشركين) (التوبة 9: 1)، ومن أول كلمة فيها أخذ اسم براءة، وبه سماها البراء بن عازب رضي الله عنه حين قال: آخر سورة نزلت براءة (صحيح البخاري 4654). وقال القرطبي: تقول برئت من الشيء أبرأ براءة فأنا منه بريء، إذا أزلته عن نفسك وقطعت سبب ما بينك وبينه.
2. Al-Fadihah: The Exposer | الفاضحة
Sa'id ibn Jubayr said: I said to Ibn Abbas: Surah At-Tawbah? He said: At-Tawbah is al-Fadihah, the Exposer; it kept coming down, and among them, and among them, until they thought it would leave none of them unmentioned (Sahih al-Bukhari 4882). The words and among them open many of its verses about the hypocrites, such as: and among them is he who says: permit me, and do not put me to trial (9:49).
وَمِنْهُم مَّن يَقُولُ ائْذَن لِّي وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي (سورة التوبة: 49)
قال سعيد بن جبير: قلت لابن عباس: سورة التوبة؟ قال: التوبة هي الفاضحة، ما زالت تنزل: ومنهم، ومنهم، حتى ظنوا أنها لم تبق أحدا منهم إلا ذكر فيها (صحيح البخاري 4882). ومن ذلك قوله تعالى: (ومنهم من يقول ائذن لي ولا تفتني) (التوبة 9: 49).
3. Al-Buhuth and Al-Mub'athirah | البحوث والمبعثرة
Al-Qurtubi cites Abu Nasr al-Qushayri: the surah came down during the expedition of Tabuk and after it; its opening casts the treaties back to the disbelievers, and it uncovers the secrets of the hypocrites. Al-Qurtubi adds that for this it is called al-Fadihah, and al-Buhuth, because it searches out the secrets of the hypocrites, and al-Mub'athirah, since ba'tharah means searching. The hypocrites themselves feared that a surah would be sent down telling them what was in their hearts (9:64).
يَحْذَرُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ أَن تُنَزَّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُورَةٌ تُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ (سورة التوبة: 64)
نقل القرطبي عن أبي نصر القشيري: هذه السورة نزلت في غزوة تبوك ونزلت بعدها، وفي أولها نبذ عهود الكفار إليهم، وفي السورة كشف أسرار المنافقين. وذكر القرطبي أنها تسمى الفاضحة والبحوث، لأنها تبحث عن أسرار المنافقين، وتسمى المبعثرة، والبعثرة: البحث. وقد قال تعالى: (يحذر المنافقون أن تنزل عليهم سورة تنبئهم بما في قلوبهم) (التوبة 9: 64).
4. At-Tawbah: The Name Most Used | التوبة: الاسم الأشهر
Its best-known name, At-Tawbah, meaning repentance, matches a theme that runs through the surah: do they not know that it is Allah who accepts repentance from His servants (9:104), and Allah turned in mercy to the three who had stayed behind (9:118). The surah is the only one that does not open with the Basmala, as explained in which surah does not start with the Basmala.
أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ وَيَأْخُذُ الصَّدَقَاتِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ (سورة التوبة: 104)
واسمها الأشهر التوبة يوافق معنى يتكرر في السورة، كقوله تعالى: (ألم يعلموا أن الله هو يقبل التوبة عن عباده) (التوبة 9: 104)، وتوبة الله على الثلاثة الذين خلفوا (التوبة 9: 118).
Scholarly Insight: The same report shows how the Companions described surahs by what they contain: asked about Al-Anfal, Ibn Abbas said it came down about Badr, and asked about Al-Hashr, he said it came down about Banu an-Nadir (Sahih al-Bukhari 4882). Read more in the tafsir of Surah At-Tawbah.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What other name does Surah At-Tawbah have?
Surah Bara'ah, taken from the first word of its opening verse.
Why did Ibn Abbas call it Al-Fadihah?
Because it kept coming down about the hypocrites, and among them, and among them, until they thought none of them would be left unmentioned (Sahih al-Bukhari 4882).
What do the names Al-Buhuth and Al-Mub'athirah mean?
Al-Qurtubi explains that both come from searching out, because the surah searches out the secrets of the hypocrites.
What does the word Bara'ah mean?
A declaration of disassociation. Al-Qurtubi explains it as freeing oneself from something and cutting the tie between oneself and it.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →