What Is the Stance of the People of the Book Toward Jesus (PBUH)?
ما هو موقف أهل الكتاب من عيسى عليه السلام؟
Some of them made Jesus a god, some said 'he is the son of God', and some accused his mother of indecency (this last is the stance of the Jews).
منهم من جعله إلها و منهم من جعله ابن الله و منهم من اتهم أمه بالفاحشة و هذا موقف اليهود
1. The Two Extremes: Rejection versus Deification | الإفراط والتفريط: الغلو والجحود في شأن المسيح
Islamic theology details how historical communities diverged around Prophet Isa. One group among the Israelites rejected his signs, slandered Maryam, and claimed to have crucified him, while the Christians elevated him to divine status, adopting doctrines of Trinity and divine sonship.
يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ لَا تَغْلُوا فِي دِينِكُمْ وَلَا تَقُولُوا عَلَى اللَّـهِ إِلَّا الْحَقَّ (سورة النساء: 171)
يوضح القرآن الكريم افتراق أهل الكتاب في عيسى بين تفريط جائر وغلو مفرط: فاليهود أنكروا رسالته وطعنوا في نسبه وسعوا لقتله، بينما غلا النصارى فيه حتى جعلوه رباً وإلهاً وابناً لله.
2. The Divine Warning Against Religious Excess (Ghuluw) | النهي الإلهي عن الغلو والافتراء على الله
The Quran addresses the People of the Scripture with an urgent call to moderation: to refrain from committing excess (ghuluw) in religion and to speak only truth regarding Allah, affirming that the Messiah was strictly a noble messenger and a created sign.
إِنَّمَا الْمَسِيحُ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّـهِ (سورة النساء: 171)
خاطب القرآن أهل الكتاب بالنهي الصريح عن الغلو ومجاوزة الحد في الدين، ونهاهم عن نسبة الشريك أو الولد إلى الله جل وعلا، مؤكداً أن المسيح رسول كريم من عند ربه.
3. Rejection of Trinitarian Doctrine in the Quran | إبطال عقيدة التثليث وبيان التوحيد الخالص
Surah Al-Ma'idah emphatically disavows Trinitarian theology, declaring that those who say Allah is the Messiah or the third of three have uttered clear disbelief. True salvation lies in pure monotheism, worshipping the One God alone.
لَّقَدْ كَفَرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّـهَ ثَالِثُ ثَلَاثَةٍ وَمَا مِنْ إِلَـٰهٍ إِلَّا إِلَـٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ (سورة المائدة: 73)
أبطل القرآن صراحة عقيدة التثليث في سورة المائدة، مبيناً أن القول بأن الله ثالث ثلاثة كفر صريح وضلال مبين، فالإله معبود واحد أحد لا شريك له في ملكه.
4. Jesus's Own Message to the Children of Israel | شهادة المسيح الصريحة بدعوة التوحيد
The Quran quotes Prophet Jesus directly calling the Children of Israel to worship Allah alone, stating: "Worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord." He explicitly warned that whoever associates partners with Allah will be denied Paradise.
وَقَالَ الْمَسِيحُ يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ اعْبُدُوا اللَّـهَ رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ (سورة المائدة: 72)
شهد القرآن بأن المسيح نفسه كان يدعو بني إسرائيل صراحة إلى التوحيد قائلاً: "اعبدوا الله ربي وربكم"، وحذرهم من أن الشرك بالله يحرم العبد من الجنة ويوجب له النار.
5. The Balanced Islamic Middle Path | المنهج الإسلامي الوسطي في حب الأنبياء وتوقيرهم
Islam presents the balanced middle path: honouring Isa as one of the greatest messengers of resolute purpose (Ulul-'Azm), affirming his miraculous virgin birth and ascension, while maintaining absolute distinction between the Creator and His creation.
فَآمِنُوا بِاللَّـهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَلَا تَقُولُوا ثَلَاثَةٌ انتَهُوا خَيْرًا لَّكُمْ (سورة النساء: 171)
يمثل الإسلام الموقف العدل والوسطية الحق: فيعظم عيسى عليه السلام بصفته رسولاً من أولي العزم، ويؤمن بمعجزاته وولادته العذرية ورفعه إلى السماء، مع تنزيه الله المطلق عن الولد والشريك.
Scholarly Insight: Surah An-Nisa (4:171) provides a clear criterion for evaluating prophetic status: prophets are honoured servants and teachers of Tawheed, never partners or children of the Almighty. Read more in the tafsir of Surah An-Nisa.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What were the two opposite views held by the People of the Book toward Jesus?
One faction rejected him completely and accused him falsely, while the other faction committed excess by declaring him God or the son of God.
What does the Quran say about the concept of Trinity?
The Quran explicitly refutes the Trinity in Surah Al-Ma'idah (5:73), stating that there is no deity except the One God, Allah.
What was Jesus's actual command to his followers regarding worship?
He commanded them to worship Allah alone, stating: "Worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord" (Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:72).
How does Islam position Prophet Jesus between these two extremes?
Islam affirms the middle path: he is a highly revered messenger and servant of Allah, born of a virgin mother by divine command, but entirely free of divinity.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →