What Is the Punishment for Intentional Killing?
ما عقوبة القتل العمد؟
What is the punishment for the intentional killing?
The answer names the consequences of intentional killing: the killer is deprived of inheriting from the victim, he is subject to retribution unless the victim's family pardons him or accepts blood money, with expiation then due from him, and Allah's threat in An-Nisa 4:93 for the Hereafter.
Because Islam holds human life in the highest regard, the consequences for deliberately taking an innocent life are exceptionally severe. These punishments are designed to deliver justice to the victim's family, deter future crimes, and purify society from violence.
1. Deprivation of Inheritance
If he is an heir and he killed someone he will inherit from, then his initial punishment is that he will be completely cut out of the inheritance. This strict rule prevents anyone from hastening their inheritance through murder, ensuring that a criminal does not benefit from their own crime.
2. Legal Retribution and Forgiveness
The legal atonement for the killer is that he is killed in legal retribution (Qisas) to establish justice. However, this is applied unless the family and guardians of the victim choose to forgive the killer and accept blood money instead.
If he is forgiven by the family, the death penalty is lifted, but he must still give an expiation (Kaffarah) to Allah to repent for the massive sin committed.
The Divine Warning in the Quran
Beyond worldly punishments, Allah issues a terrifying warning regarding the Hereafter:
(And whoever kills a believer intentionally, their reward will be Hell where they will stay indefinitely. Allah will be displeased with them, condemn them, and will prepare for them a tremendous punishment.) Surah An Nisa'a 4: 93.
ما عقوبة القتل العمد؟
يذكر الجواب عقوبات القتل العمد: الحرمان من الميراث إذا قتل مورثه، والقصاص إلا أن يعفو أولياء المقتول أو يرضوا بالدية، وتجب عليه حينئذ الكفارة، مع وعيد الآخرة في آية النساء 4:93.
لأن الإسلام يولي حياة الإنسان أعلى درجات التقدير، فإن عواقب إزهاق روح بريئة عمدا تكون قاسية للغاية. صممت هذه العقوبات لتحقيق العدالة لأسرة الضحية، وردع الجرائم المستقبلية، وتطهير المجتمع من العنف.
الحرمان من الميراث
أولا: الحرمان من الميراث إذا قتل وريث. تمنع هذه القاعدة الصارمة أي شخص من استعجال ميراثه عن طريق القتل، مما يضمن عدم استفادة المجرم من جريمته بأي شكل من الأشكال.
القصاص أو الدية
ثانيا: القصاص من القاتل بقتله، لتحقيق العدالة في المجتمع. إلا إذا عفا أولياء المقتول أو رضوا بالدية بدلا من القصاص.
فإذا عفي عن القاتل وتم إسقاط عقوبة الإعدام عنه، وجب عليه الكفارة كنوع من التوبة النصوح لله عز وجل على هذا الذنب العظيم.
الوعيد الإلهي في القرآن
إلى جانب العقوبات الدنيوية، يصدر الله وعيدا مرعبا بشأن الآخرة:
قال الله تعالى: (وَمَن يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُّتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ خَالِدًا فِيهَا وَغَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَلَعَنَهُ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُ عَذَابًا عَظِيمًا) النساء 4: 93.
1. The Victim's Family Chooses | الخيار لأولياء القتيل
The Prophet said: Whoever has a relative killed has the choice of the better of two options: either he is paid blood money, or retribution is taken (Sahih al-Bukhari 6880). Allah says: retribution is prescribed for you in cases of killing, and whoever is pardoned by his brother, let it be followed with fairness and paid with kindness (Al-Baqarah 2:178).
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى (سورة البقرة: 178)
قال النبي ﷺ: "ومن قتل له قتيل فهو بخير النظرين: إما يودى وإما يقاد" (صحيح البخاري 6880). وقال تعالى: يا أيها الذين آمنوا كتب عليكم القصاص في القتلى... فمن عفي له من أخيه شيء فاتباع بالمعروف وأداء إليه بإحسان (البقرة 2:178).
2. The Killer Does Not Inherit | القاتل لا يرث
The Prophet said: The killer does not inherit (Sunan Ibn Majah 2645, graded sahih by al-Albani). Al-Tirmidhi notes that scholars act on this, whether the killing was intentional or by mistake, while Malik held that one who kills by mistake may inherit (Jami at-Tirmidhi 2109). For intentional killing, this is the deprivation the answer names first.
قال النبي ﷺ: "القاتل لا يرث" (سنن ابن ماجه 2645، وصححه الألباني). وذكر الترمذي أن العمل على هذا عند أهل العلم كان القتل عمدا أو خطأ، وقال بعضهم: إذا كان القتل خطأ فإنه يرث، وهو قول مالك (جامع الترمذي 2109). وفي القتل العمد هذا هو الحرمان الذي ذكره الجواب أولا.
3. Expiation After Pardon: The Schools | الكفارة بعد العفو عند المذاهب
The answer states that if the killer is pardoned, he must offer expiation as repentance. This is the view of the Shafi'is. The Hanafis, Malikis, and Hanbalis hold that intentional killing has no expiation, because the sin is greater than an expiation can remove, and its way out is sincere repentance (al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya, Dorar).
ذكر الجواب أن القاتل إذا عفي عنه وجبت عليه الكفارة توبة لله، وهو مذهب الشافعية، وذهب الحنفية والمالكية والحنابلة إلى أن القتل العمد لا كفارة فيه، لأنه أعظم من أن تكفره الكفارة، وطريق الخلاص منه التوبة النصوح (الموسوعة الفقهية، الدرر السنية).
Scholarly Insight: An-Nisa 4:93 joins five threats for intentional killing: Hell, abiding in it, Allah's anger, His curse, and a great punishment prepared for the killer. In this world the victim's family chooses between retribution and blood money (Sahih al-Bukhari 6880), and the killer does not inherit (Sunan Ibn Majah 2645). On expiation after pardon, the answer gives the Shafi'i view, while the other three schools see no expiation for intentional killing. Read more in the tafsir of Surah An-Nisa.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Can a killer inherit from the person he killed?
No. The Prophet said: the killer does not inherit (Sunan Ibn Majah 2645), and the answer names this deprivation first.
Can the victim's family forgive the killer?
Yes. The Prophet said that the victim's family has the choice of blood money or retribution (Sahih al-Bukhari 6880), and Allah encourages pardon (Al-Baqarah 2:178).
Is expiation due if the family forgives an intentional killer?
The answer says yes, which is the Shafi'i view; the Hanafis, Malikis, and Hanbalis hold that intentional killing has no expiation and requires sincere repentance.
What does Allah threaten for intentional killing?
Hell, abiding in it, His anger, His curse, and a great punishment (An-Nisa 4:93).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →