To Which Tribe Was Prophet Saleh Sent, and Where Did They Live?
إلى أي قبيلة أُرسل النبي صالح، وأين كانت تسكن؟
Prophet Saleh was sent to a tribe called Thamud, and it was a great nation from the Arab tribes. They lived in Hijr, which lies between Ash-Sham and Al-Hijaz. It is now called Mada'en Saleh, or the town of Ola. In a Hadith about the Battle of Tabuk, it was referred to as Hijr Thamud. "And to the people of Thamud We sent their brother Salih. He said, 'O my people! Worship Allah, you have no other god except Him'" (Surah Al-A'raf 7:73). "And to the people of Thamud We sent their brother Salih. He said, 'O my people! Worship Allah. You have no god other than Him. He is the One Who produced you from the earth and settled you on it'" (Surah Hud 11:61-62).
أرسله الله إلى قبيلة تسمى ثمود، وهي أمة عظيمة من العرب البائدة، وكانت مساكنهم بالحِجر، وهي بين الحجاز والشام. والمكان الذي كانت تسكن فيه تلك القبيلة يسمى اليوم مدائن صالح، أو قرية العلا، وسُمي في حديث غزوة تبوك: حِجر ثمود. وَإِلَىٰ ثَمُودَ أَخَاهُمْ صَالِحًا ۚ قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُم مِّنْ إِلَـٰهٍ غَيْرُهُ (سورة الأعراف: 73). وَإِلَىٰ ثَمُودَ أَخَاهُمْ صَالِحًا ۚ قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُم مِّنْ إِلَـٰهٍ غَيْرُهُ ۖ هُوَ أَنشَأَكُم مِّنَ الْأَرْضِ وَاسْتَعْمَرَكُمْ فِيهَا (سورة هود: 61-62).
1. A Homeland Preserved to This Day | موطن ما زال قائما إلى اليوم
Unlike many ancient peoples mentioned in the Quran whose exact location has been lost to history, Thamud's homeland is identified with a specific, still-visible site, Mada'in Saleh in modern-day Al-Ula. This geographical continuity gives Saleh's story an unusually concrete anchor in the physical world.
خلافا للعديد من الأمم القديمة المذكورة في القرآن التي فُقد موقعها الدقيق عبر التاريخ، فإن موطن ثمود معروف بموقع محدد لا يزال قائما، مدائن صالح في مدينة العلا الحالية. وهذا الاستمرار الجغرافي يمنح قصة صالح ركيزة ملموسة غير معتادة في العالم المادي.
2. Called "Brother," Not Outsider | نودي بـ"أخيهم" لا بالغريب
Both ayat describe Saleh as sent to Thamud as "their brother," the same phrase used elsewhere for Messengers sent to their own people rather than to strangers. This detail reinforces that Saleh's call came from someone who understood his people intimately, sharing their language, lineage, and daily life.
تصف كلتا الآيتين إرسال صالح إلى ثمود بأنه "أخوهم"، وهي العبارة ذاتها المستخدمة في مواضع أخرى للرسل المرسلين إلى قومهم لا إلى غرباء. ويؤكد هذا التفصيل أن دعوة صالح جاءت من شخص يعرف قومه معرفة وثيقة، يشاركهم اللغة والنسب والحياة اليومية.
3. The Same Message Given to Every Nation | نفس الرسالة لكل الأمم
Saleh's opening words, "Worship Allah, you have no other god except Him," are nearly identical to the opening call of Nuh and other Messengers covered throughout this chapter. This repetition across unrelated nations and eras is presented in the Quran as proof that Tawheed was always the same, singular message sent to every people.
كلمات صالح الافتتاحية، "اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُم مِّنْ إِلَـٰهٍ غَيْرُهُ"، تكاد تكون مطابقة للدعوة الافتتاحية لنوح وغيره من الرسل المذكورين عبر هذا الفصل. وهذا التكرار عبر أمم وعصور غير مرتبطة يُعرض في القرآن دليلا على أن التوحيد كان دائما الرسالة الواحدة ذاتها المرسلة إلى كل الأمم.
Scholarly Insight: Surah Al-A'raf 7:73 and Surah Hud 11:61-62 identify Thamud as the tribe Saleh was sent to, settled in the region known today as Mada'in Saleh. Read the fuller context in the tafsir of Surah Hud.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
To which tribe was Prophet Saleh sent?
Thamud, a great ancient Arab tribe.
Where did Thamud live?
In Al-Hijr, between Ash-Sham and Al-Hijaz, an area known today as Mada'in Saleh.
What was Saleh's opening call to his people?
To worship Allah alone, as he had no other god besides Him.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →