To Which Tribe Was Prophet Saleh Sent, and Where Did They Live?
إلى أي قبيلة أُرسل النبي صالح عليه السلام، وأين كانت مساكنها؟
Prophet Saleh was sent to a tribe called Thamud, and it was a great nation from the vanished Arab peoples. They lived in Hijr, which lies between Ash-Sham and Al-Hijaz. It is now called Mada'en Saleh, or the town of Ola. In a Hadith about the Battle of Tabuk, it was referred to as Hijr Thamud. "And to the people of Thamud We sent their brother Salih. He said, 'O my people! Worship Allah, you have no other god except Him'" (Surah Al-A'raf 7:73). "And to the people of Thamud We sent their brother Salih. He said, 'O my people! Worship Allah. You have no god other than Him. He is the One Who produced you from the earth and settled you on it'" (Surah Hud 11:61).
أرسله الله إلى قبيلة تُسمّى ثمود، وهي أمة عظيمة من العرب البائدة، وكانت مساكنهم بالحِجر، وهي بين الحجاز والشام. والمكان الذي كانت تسكن فيه تلك القبيلة يسمى اليوم مدائن صالح، أو قرية العلا، وسُمّي في حديث غزوة تبوك: حِجر ثمود، قال الله تعالى: وَإِلَىٰ ثَمُودَ أَخَاهُمْ صَالِحًا ۚ قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُم مِّنْ إِلَـٰهٍ غَيْرُهُ (سورة الأعراف: 73)، وقال تعالى: وَإِلَىٰ ثَمُودَ أَخَاهُمْ صَالِحًا ۚ قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُم مِّنْ إِلَـٰهٍ غَيْرُهُ ۖ هُوَ أَنشَأَكُم مِّنَ الْأَرْضِ وَاسْتَعْمَرَكُمْ فِيهَا (سورة هود: 61).
1. A Homeland Preserved to This Day | موطنٌ باقٍ إلى اليوم
Unlike many ancient peoples mentioned in the Quran whose exact location has been lost to history, Thamud's homeland is identified with a specific, still-visible site, Mada'in Saleh in modern-day Al-Ula, where they carved homes into the mountains, one of the blessings Allah had given that tribe. This geographical continuity gives Saleh's story an unusually concrete anchor in the physical world.
بخلاف كثير من الأمم القديمة التي ذكرها القرآن وخفي موضعها على مر التاريخ، يُعرف موطن ثمود بموضع محدد لا تزال آثاره ظاهرة، هو مدائن صالح في منطقة العُلا اليوم، حيث نحتوا بيوتهم في الجبال، وكان ذلك من النعم التي آتاها الله تلك القبيلة. وهذا الثبات في المكان يمنح قصة صالح عليه السلام شاهدًا ملموسًا قلّما يتوفر لغيرها.
2. Called "Brother," Not Outsider | «أخوهم» لا غريبٌ عنهم
Both ayat describe Saleh as sent to Thamud as "their brother," the same phrase used elsewhere for Messengers sent to their own people rather than to strangers. This detail reinforces that Saleh's call came from someone who understood his people intimately, sharing their language, lineage, and daily life.
وفي الآيتين وُصف صالح عليه السلام بأنه أخو ثمود: (وَإِلَىٰ ثَمُودَ أَخَاهُمْ صَالِحًا) (الأعراف 7: 73)، وهي العبارة نفسها التي جاءت في مواضع أخرى في الرسل المبعوثين إلى أقوامهم لا إلى الغرباء. ويؤكد ذلك أن دعوة صالح جاءت ممن يعرف قومه معرفة وثيقة، يشاركهم اللغة والنسب وشؤون الحياة.
3. The Same Message Given to Every Nation | رسالةٌ واحدة إلى كل الأمم
Saleh's opening words, "Worship Allah, you have no other god except Him," are nearly identical to the opening call of Nuh (peace be upon him) and other Messengers covered throughout this chapter. This repetition across unrelated nations and eras is presented in the Quran as proof that Tawheed was always the same, singular message sent to every people.
وأول ما قاله صالح عليه السلام لقومه: (يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُم مِّنْ إِلَٰهٍ غَيْرُهُ) (الأعراف 7: 73)، وهي تكاد تطابق أول دعوة نوح عليه السلام وغيره من الرسل الذين يذكرهم هذا الباب. وتكرارها في أمم وعصور متباعدة يعرضه القرآن دليلًا على أن التوحيد كان دائمًا الرسالة الواحدة التي بُعث بها الرسل إلى كل الأمم.
Scholarly Insight: Sahih al-Bukhari 3379: Ibn Umar reports: “The people camped with the Messenger of Allah in Thamud's land, Al-Hijr. They drew water from its well and made dough with it. The Messenger of Allah ordered them to pour out the water they had drawn and feed the dough to the camels. He ordered them to draw water from the well which the she-camel used to visit.” See Saleh's she-camel and her appointed drinking. Read the fuller context in the tafsir of Surah Hud.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
To which tribe was Prophet Saleh sent?
Thamud, a great ancient Arab tribe.
Where did Thamud live?
In Al-Hijr, between Ash-Sham and Al-Hijaz, an area known today as Mada'in Saleh.
What was Saleh's opening call to his people?
To worship Allah alone, as they had no other god besides Him.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →