The Quran Mentions Two Kinds of Spoken Words: What Are They?
ذكر القرآن صنفين من الكلمات فما هي؟
The Quran has mentioned two kinds of words that are spoken. What are they?
The answer names the two kinds from Surah Ibrahim: the good word, like a good tree whose root is firm and whose branches reach the sky, and the evil word, like a bad tree uprooted from the earth with no stability (14:24-26).
The Quran uses vivid imagery to distinguish between the profound impacts of what people say, dividing all spoken language into two foundational categories.
The Two Categories of Speech
1. A Good Word
The first category is a good word. In the Quran, a good word is described as being like a good tree, deeply rooted with branches reaching into the sky, constantly yielding positive fruits. It encompasses faith, truth, kindness, and the remembrance of Allah.
2. An Evil Word
The second category is an evil word. The Quran compares an evil word to a bad tree uprooted from the surface of the earth, having no stability. It includes falsehood, backbiting, polytheism, and hurtful speech.
ذكر القرآن صنفين من الكلمات فما هي؟
يذكر الجواب الصنفين كما في سورة إبراهيم: الكلمة الطيبة كشجرة طيبة أصلها ثابت وفرعها في السماء (إبراهيم 14:24)، والكلمة الخبيثة كشجرة خبيثة اجتثت من فوق الأرض ما لها من قرار (إبراهيم 14:26).
يستخدم القرآن صورا بلاغية حية للتمييز بين الآثار العميقة لما يقوله الناس، مقسما كل الكلام المنطوق إلى فئتين أساسيتين.
صنفا الكلمات
1. كلمة طيبة
الفئة الأولى هي كلمة طيبة. وقد وصف القرآن الكلمة الطيبة بأنها كشجرة طيبة أصلها ثابت وفرعها في السماء، وتؤتي ثمارها الإيجابية دائما. وهي تشمل الإيمان والصدق واللطف وذكر الله.
2. كلمة خبيثة
الفئة الثانية هي كلمة خبيثة. ويشبه القرآن الكلمة الخبيثة بشجرة خبيثة اجتثت من فوق الأرض ليس لها من قرار. وتشمل الباطل والغيبة والشرك والكلام الجارح.
1. The Good Word Is the Testimony of Faith | الكلمة الطيبة شهادة التوحيد
Ibn Kathir reports from Ibn Abbas that the good word is the testimony that there is no deity but Allah and the good tree is the believer; its firm root is that testimony in the believer's heart, and its branches in the sky mean that by it the believer's deeds are raised to the heaven. Al-Sa'di explains the good tree as the palm, its root firm in the earth and its branches spread in the sky, always of great benefit.
أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا كَلِمَةً طَيِّبَةً كَشَجَرَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ أَصْلُهَا ثَابِتٌ وَفَرْعُهَا فِي السَّمَاءِ (سورة إبراهيم: 24)
روى ابن كثير عن ابن عباس أن الكلمة الطيبة "شهادة أن لا إله إلا الله"، وأن الشجرة الطيبة "المؤمن"، وأن أصلها الثابت "لا إله إلا الله في قلب المؤمن"، وأن فرعها في السماء معناه "يرفع بها عمل المؤمن إلى السماء". وقال السعدي: الشجرة الطيبة "هي النخلة أصلها ثابت في الأرض وفرعها منتشر في السماء وهي كثيرة النفع دائما".
2. The Palm Tree and the Muslim | النخلة مثل المسلم
The Prophet said: Among the trees there is a tree whose leaves do not fall, and it is like the Muslim; tell me what it is. Ibn Umar thought of the palm but was too shy to speak, and the Prophet said: It is the palm (Sahih al-Bukhari 61). In another narration he described it as giving its fruit at all times (Sahih al-Bukhari 4698), the words of the next verse.
تُؤْتِي أُكُلَهَا كُلَّ حِينٍ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهَا ۗ وَيَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ الْأَمْثَالَ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ (سورة إبراهيم: 25)
قال النبي ﷺ: "إن من الشجر شجرة لا يسقط ورقها، وإنها مثل المسلم، فحدثوني ما هي"، فوقع في نفس ابن عمر أنها النخلة فاستحيا، ثم قال ﷺ: "هي النخلة" (صحيح البخاري 61). وفي رواية وصفها بأنها تؤتي أكلها كل حين (صحيح البخاري 4698)، وهو لفظ الآية التالية.
3. The Evil Word Has No Root | الكلمة الخبيثة لا أصل لها
Ibn Kathir explains that the evil word is the likeness of the disbeliever's disbelief, which has no root and no stability, and it was likened to the colocynth, as Anas reported. Uprooted means pulled out from its root: likewise disbelief has neither root nor branch, no deed of the disbeliever rises, and nothing is accepted from him.
وَمَثَلُ كَلِمَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ كَشَجَرَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ اجْتُثَّتْ مِن فَوْقِ الْأَرْضِ مَا لَهَا مِن قَرَارٍ (سورة إبراهيم: 26)
قال ابن كثير: "هذا مثل كفر الكافر، لا أصل له ولا ثبات، وشبه بشجرة الحنظل"، ومعنى اجتثت: "استؤصلت"، "كذلك الكفر لا أصل له ولا فرع، ولا يصعد للكافر عمل، ولا يتقبل منه شيء".
Scholarly Insight: In Quranic exegesis (Tafsir) of Surah Ibrahim, Ibn Kathir reports from Ibn Abbas that the "good word" is the testimony that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah: its root is firm in the believer's heart, and through it his deeds are raised to the heaven. He explains the "evil word" as the likeness of disbelief (Kufr), which has no root and no stability, so no deed of the disbeliever rises or is accepted. In daily life, the Prophet counted every good word as a charity (Sahih al-Bukhari 2989). Read more in the tafsir of Surah Ibrahim.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What is the greatest example of a good word?
Ibn Abbas explained the good word in Surah Ibrahim as the testimony that there is no deity but Allah, whose root is firm in the believer's heart and through which his deeds rise to the heaven (Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 14:24).
Why does the Quran compare words to trees?
A good word is like a good tree with a firm root that gives its fruit at all times by the permission of its Lord (Ibrahim 14:24-25), while an evil word is like a bad tree uprooted from the earth with no stability (14:26). The Prophet likened the Muslim to the palm tree (Sahih al-Bukhari 61).
Can a single word affect a person's standing with Allah?
Yes. The Prophet said that a servant may speak a word pleasing to Allah without giving it a thought, and Allah raises him by degrees for it, and may speak a word that angers Allah without giving it a thought, and fall by it into Hell (Sahih al-Bukhari 6478).
Is a kind word rewarded?
Yes. The Prophet listed a good word among the daily charities due from every person (Sahih al-Bukhari 2989), and said: whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should say what is good or keep silent (Sahih al-Bukhari 6018).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →