What Is the Wisdom Behind the Prohibition of Changing One's Sex?
ما الحكمة من تحريم تغيير جنس الإنسان؟
Man, with all his organs, is owned by Allah, Exalted and Sublime be He, so man does not have the right to kill himself, because he does not own this soul to end it. Likewise, his organs are not his, so he has no right to destroy them or to put into his body what is not part of it.
Allah the Almighty has created mankind as male and female to increase the human race, but allowing the change of the human gender will lead to the annihilation of the human race, because there will be no reproduction in this way, and this is grave harm to human beings. Hence, according to Shari'ah rulings gender transformation is forbidden so as to avoid this serious harm from happening to creation.
الإنسان وما عنده من أعضاء كله ملك لله عز وجل ولذلك ليس للإنسان أن يقتل نفسه، لأنه لا يملك هذه النفس ليفنيها، وكذلك سائر الأعضاء لا يملكها الإنسان ليتلفها أو ليركب في جسده ما ليس منه.
إن الله عز وجل خلق البشر من ذكر وأنثى لتكثير النوع الإنساني، والسماح بتغيير النوع الإنساني سيؤدي إلى فناء هذا النوع لأن الإنسان لن يتكاثر بهذه الصورة وهذا ضرر عظيم على بني البشر فاقتضت حكمة الشريعة منع هذا التحول الجنسي لئلا يتسبب بالضرر العظيم على الخلق.
1. He Grants Daughters and Sons | يهب لمن يشاء إناثا ويهب لمن يشاء الذكور
To Allah alone belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth. He creates whatever He wills. He blesses whoever He wills with daughters, and blesses whoever He wills with sons, or grants both, sons and daughters, and leaves whoever He wills infertile (42:49-50). Ibn Kathir explains that He is the Creator and Owner of the heavens and the earth, who gives to whom He wills and withholds from whom He wills; He gives some daughters only and some sons only. That is Ibn Kathir’s explanation. We learn from this that a person’s sex is His gift and His choice. The scholar also gives the body’s belonging to Allah as the reason for the prohibition of killing oneself; the ruling itself is given in the ruling on suicide in Islam.
يَهَبُ لِمَن يَشَاءُ إِنَاثًا وَيَهَبُ لِمَن يَشَاءُ الذُّكُورَ (سورة الشورى: 49)
قال تعالى: (لله ملك السماوات والأرض يخلق ما يشاء يهب لمن يشاء إناثا ويهب لمن يشاء الذكور أو يزوجهم ذكرانا وإناثا ويجعل من يشاء عقيما إنه عليم قدير) (الشورى 42: 49-50)، قال ابن كثير: يخبر تعالى أنه خالق السموات والأرض ومالكهما والمتصرف فيهما، وأنه ... يعطي من يشاء ويمنع من يشاء ... (يهب لمن يشاء إناثا) أي: يرزقه البنات فقط ... (ويهب لمن يشاء الذكور) أي: يرزقه البنين فقط. انتهى كلام ابن كثير. ويتبين بهذا أن جنس الإنسان هبة من الله واختيار منه سبحانه. وكون البدن مِلكا لله هو أيضا سبب تحريم قتل الإنسان نفسه.
2. He Created the Pairs, Male and Female | وأنه خلق الزوجين الذكر والأنثى
And He created the pairs, males and females, from a sperm-drop when it is emitted (53:45-46). Ibn Kathir compares it with the verses in which Allah asks whether man thinks he will be left without purpose, though he was a drop that became a clinging clot, and then Allah formed him and made of him the two sexes, male and female (75:36-39). That is Ibn Kathir’s explanation. We learn from this that the two sexes are part of His creation from the first drop.
وَأَنَّهُ خَلَقَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنثَىٰ (سورة النجم: 45)
قال تعالى: (وأنه خلق الزوجين الذكر والأنثى من نطفة إذا تمنى) (النجم 53: 45-46)، قال ابن كثير: كقوله: (أيحسب الإنسان أن يترك سدى ألم يك نطفة من مني يمنى ثم كان علقة فخلق فسوى فجعل منه الزوجين الذكر والأنثى) (القيامة 75: 36-39). انتهى كلام ابن كثير. ويتبين بهذا أن الذكر والأنثى من خلقه سبحانه منذ النطفة الأولى.
3. Countless Men and Women | وبث منهما رجالا كثيرا ونساء
The scholar’s second reason, that the two sexes were created to multiply mankind, is supported by the opening of Surah An-Nisa: O humanity! Be mindful of your Lord Who created you from a single soul, and from it He created its mate, and through both He spread countless men and women (4:1). The ruling itself is explained in the ruling on a human being changing his gender.
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُم مِّن نَّفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنْهُمَا رِجَالًا كَثِيرًا وَنِسَاءً (سورة النساء: 1)
قال تعالى: (يا أيها الناس اتقوا ربكم الذي خلقكم من نفس واحدة وخلق منها زوجها وبث منهما رجالا كثيرا ونساء) (النساء 4: 1)، فالزوجان الذكر والأنثى سبب تكثير النوع الإنساني كما جاء في الجواب.
Scholarly Insight: After naming His gift of daughters and sons, Allah says: He is indeed All-Knowing, Most Capable (42:50); Ibn Kathir explains: All-Knowing of who deserves each of these portions, and Most Capable over whomever He wills, in the differences among people. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Ash-Shura.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Why is changing one’s sex forbidden?
Man and his organs belong to Allah, so he has no right to destroy them; and the scholar adds that a change of sex harms the multiplying of mankind.
Does a person own their own body?
No. Man with all his organs is owned by Allah; he has no right to kill himself or to destroy his organs.
Why did Allah create male and female?
To multiply the human race: through both He spread countless men and women (4:1).
Who decides whether a child is a boy or a girl?
Allah: He blesses whoever He wills with daughters, and blesses whoever He wills with sons (42:49).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →