Which Surah Names an Opponent of the Prophet, and Who Was He?
أي سورة تسمي خصما للنبي، ومن هو؟
Surah Al-Lahab denounces an opponent of the Prophet by name, and that person was Abu Lahab, a grand-uncle of the Prophet and cousin of the Prophet's grandfather. "May the hands of Abu Lahab perish, and he himself perish!" (Surah Al-Masad 111:1).
سورة اللهب تذم خصما للنبي بالاسم، وهو أبو لهب، عم جد النبي وابن عمه. تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ (سورة المسد: 1).
1. The Only Named Condemnation in the Quran | الإدانة الوحيدة باسم في القرآن
Surah Al-Masad, also known as Surah Al-Lahab, is unique among the Quran's 114 surahs for directly naming and condemning a specific living opponent of the Prophet by name. Other disbelieving figures are described in the Quran, but none are singled out and named for direct denunciation the way Abu Lahab is here.
تُعد سورة المسد، المعروفة أيضا بسورة اللهب، فريدة بين سور القرآن الـ114 لتسميتها وإدانتها المباشرة لخصم معين حي للنبي باسمه. وتُذكر شخصيات كافرة أخرى في القرآن، لكن لا أحد منها يُفرد ويُسمى للإدانة المباشرة كما هو الحال هنا مع أبي لهب.
2. Opposition From Within His Own Family | معارضة من داخل عائلته
What made Abu Lahab's opposition especially painful was that it came from the Prophet's own family, a relative who mocked and actively worked against his mission rather than merely disbelieving quietly. His wife is condemned alongside him later in the same short surah for her own role in this hostility, carrying firewood used to spread thorns on the Prophet's path.
ما جعل معارضة أبي لهب مؤلمة بشكل خاص أنها جاءت من داخل أسرة النبي نفسها، قريب سخر منه وعمل بنشاط ضد رسالته بدلا من مجرد الكفر بصمت. وتُدان زوجته إلى جانبه لاحقا في السورة القصيرة نفسها لدورها في هذا العداء، إذ كانت تحمل الحطب المستخدم لنشر الأشواك في طريق النبي.
3. A Short Surah With a Striking Prophecy | سورة قصيرة بنبوءة لافتة
Surah Al-Masad was revealed in Makkah at a time when Abu Lahab was alive and openly hostile, yet it foretold his ultimate ruin in terms that could easily have been disproven had he simply accepted Islam at any point before his death. He never did, and scholars point to this as one of the Quran's clear predictive statements about a specific individual's fate.
نزلت سورة المسد في مكة في وقت كان فيه أبو لهب حيا ومعاديا علنا، ومع ذلك تنبأت بهلاكه النهائي بعبارات كان من السهل دحضها لو أنه اعتنق الإسلام في أي وقت قبل وفاته. لكنه لم يفعل ذلك أبدا، ويشير العلماء إلى هذا باعتباره أحد التصريحات النبوية الواضحة في القرآن عن مصير فرد بعينه.
Scholarly Insight: Surah Al-Masad 111:1 opens the Quran's only surah to directly name and condemn a specific opponent, Abu Lahab, an uncle of the Prophet who actively worked against his mission alongside his wife. Read the fuller context in the tafsir of Surah Al-Masad.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Which surah names an opponent of the Prophet directly?
Surah Al-Masad, also called Surah Al-Lahab, which names Abu Lahab.
Who was Abu Lahab to the Prophet?
His uncle, who fiercely opposed his mission.
Is anyone else condemned in the same surah?
Yes, Abu Lahab's wife is condemned as well for her role in the hostility against the Prophet.