What Is the Ruling for Those Who Do Not Pray?
ما حكم تارك الصلاة؟
The companions and Imams all agreed that he who abandons performing Salat due to his denial of it or mockery is a disbeliever and an apostate. As for the one who abandons it out of negligence and laziness, the scholars have two opinions concerning his case. Some of them say that he is a disbeliever who has left Islam, while others say that he is a Muslim, but he has committed a grave sin, one of the major sins.
أجمع الصحابة والأئمة أن من ترك الصلاة إنكارا لها أو استهزاء بها فهو كافر مرتد، أما من تركها متهاونا ومتكاسلا فقد اختلف أهل العلم فيه على قولين. قال بعضهم إنه كافر خارج عن الإسلام وقال بعضهم هو مسلم لكنه قد ارتكب كبيرة عظيمة من كبائر الذنوب.
1. Between a Man and Disbelief | بين الرجل وبين الشرك والكفر ترك الصلاة
The Prophet said: Between a man and polytheism and disbelief is the abandoning of prayer (Sahih Muslim 82). And he said: The covenant between us and them is the prayer; whoever abandons it has disbelieved (Jami’ at-Tirmidhi 2621, graded sahih by al-Albani). The place of prayer in Islam is explained in the ruling on salah.
قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: "بين الرجل وبين الشرك والكفر ترك الصلاة" (صحيح مسلم 82)، وقال: "العهد الذي بيننا وبينهم الصلاة فمن تركها فقد كفر" (جامع الترمذي 2621، وصححه الألباني).
2. What the Companions Held | لا يرون شيئا من الأعمال تركه كفر غير الصلاة
Abdullah ibn Shaqiq al-Uqayli said: The Companions of Muhammad did not regard abandoning any deed as disbelief except the prayer (Jami’ at-Tirmidhi 2622, graded sahih by al-Albani).
قال عبد الله بن شقيق العقيلي: "كان أصحاب محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم لا يرون شيئا من الأعمال تركه كفر غير الصلاة" (جامع الترمذي 2622، وصححه الألباني).
3. Those Who Neglected Prayer | أضاعوا الصلاة
But they were succeeded by generations who neglected prayer and followed their lusts (19:59). Ibn Kathir explains that some read “neglected” as abandoning it entirely; hence some of the early and later scholars, as is well known from Imam Ahmad and in one view of ash-Shafi’i, judged the one who abandons prayer a disbeliever, citing the two hadiths above. And al-Qasim ibn Mukhaymirah said: they only neglected its times; had it been abandonment, it would have been disbelief.
فَخَلَفَ مِن بَعْدِهِمْ خَلْفٌ أَضَاعُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَاتَّبَعُوا الشَّهَوَاتِ (سورة مريم: 59)
قال تعالى: (فخلف من بعدهم خلف أضاعوا الصلاة واتبعوا الشهوات) (مريم 19: 59)، قال ابن كثير: فقال قائلون: المراد بإضاعتها تركها بالكلية ... ولهذا ذهب من ذهب من السلف والخلف والأئمة كما هو المشهور عن الإمام أحمد، وقول عن الشافعي إلى تكفير تارك الصلاة، للحديث: "بين العبد وبين الشرك ترك الصلاة"، والحديث الآخر: "العهد الذي بيننا وبينهم الصلاة، فمن تركها فقد كفر" ... وقال القاسم بن مخيمرة: إنما أضاعوا المواقيت، ولو كان تركا كان كفرا.
4. Left to Allah’s Will | إن شاء عذبه وإن شاء أدخله الجنة
The Prophet said: Five prayers Allah has prescribed for His servants; whoever brings them, not neglecting any of them out of disregard for their right, has a covenant with Allah to admit him to Paradise; and whoever does not bring them has no covenant with Allah: if He wills He punishes him, and if He wills He admits him to Paradise (Sunan Abi Dawud 1420, graded sahih by al-Albani). Its wording leaves the one who does not bring them to the will of Allah.
قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: "خمس صلوات كتبهن الله على العباد، فمن جاء بهن لم يضيع منهن شيئا استخفافا بحقهن كان له عند الله عهد أن يدخله الجنة، ومن لم يأت بهن فليس له عند الله عهد إن شاء عذبه وإن شاء أدخله الجنة" (سنن أبي داود 1420، وصححه الألباني). فجعل من لم يأت بهن في مشيئة الله تعالى.
Scholarly Insight: When the people of Saqar are asked what landed them in Hell, the first thing they say is: We were not of those who prayed, nor did we feed the poor (74:42-44); Ibn Kathir explains: we did not worship our Lord, nor were we kind to His creation. See how many times Saqar is mentioned in the Quran. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Muddaththir.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What is the ruling on one who abandons prayer denying it?
The Companions and the imams agree that whoever abandons the prayer denying it or mocking it is a disbeliever and an apostate.
What about one who abandons prayer out of laziness?
The scholars hold two views: some say he is a disbeliever who has left Islam, and others that he is a Muslim who has committed a grave sin, one of the major sins.
What did the Prophet say about abandoning prayer?
Between a man and polytheism and disbelief is the abandoning of prayer (Sahih Muslim 82).
How did the Companions view abandoning prayer?
They did not regard abandoning any deed as disbelief except the prayer (Jami’ at-Tirmidhi 2622, graded sahih by al-Albani).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →