Who Is Obliged to Perform Prayers? Is a Young Boy Obliged?
على من تجب الصلاة؟ وهل تجب على الصبي؟
Prayers are compulsory for every sane adult Muslim. So it is not mandatory for an insane person, nor a non-Muslim, and not the young boy before reaching puberty. However, a Muslim must command his son or daughter to pray once they reach the age of 7 (when they can differentiate between the good things and the bad ones).
تجب الصلاة على المسلم البالغ العاقل. ولا تجب على المجنون ولا على غير المسلم ولا تجب على الصبي لكن على المسلم أن يأمر ابنه أو ابنته بالصلاة إذا بلغ سن التمييز وهو سن (7 سنوات).
1. Command Your Children at Seven | مروا أولادكم بالصلاة وهم أبناء سبع سنين
The Prophet said: Command your children to pray when they are seven years old, strike them for it when they are ten, and separate them in their beds (Sunan Abi Dawud 495, graded hasan sahih by al-Albani). The child is not yet accountable, as explained in who is obligated to fast, but he is trained.
قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: "مروا أولادكم بالصلاة وهم أبناء سبع سنين، واضربوهم عليها وهم أبناء عشر سنين، وفرقوا بينهم في المضاجع" (سنن أبي داود 495، وقال الألباني: حسن صحيح). والصبي غير مكلف بعد، ولكنه يُدرَّب على الصلاة.
2. Protect Your Families | قوا أنفسكم وأهليكم نارا
O believers! Protect yourselves and your families from a Fire (66:6). Ibn Kathir reports from Ali: discipline them and teach them; and from Ibn Abbas: act in obedience to Allah, avoid disobeying Him, and command your families to remember Him, and Allah will save you from the Fire.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قُوا أَنفُسَكُمْ وَأَهْلِيكُمْ نَارًا (سورة التحريم: 6)
قال تعالى: (يا أيها الذين آمنوا قوا أنفسكم وأهليكم نارا) (التحريم 66: 6)، قال ابن كثير: عن علي رضي الله عنه في قوله تعالى: (قوا أنفسكم وأهليكم نارا) يقول: أدبوهم وعلموهم، وقال علي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس: (قوا أنفسكم وأهليكم نارا) يقول: اعملوا بطاعة الله واتقوا معاصي الله وأمروا أهليكم بالذكر ينجيكم الله من النار.
3. Prayer Follows Islam | فأخبرهم أن الله قد فرض عليهم خمس صلوات
Sending Mu’adh to Yemen, the Prophet told him: Let the first thing you call them to be the worship of Allah; when they know Allah, tell them that Allah has made five prayers obligatory on them in their day and night (Sahih al-Bukhari 1458). The non-Muslim is first called to Islam; once he accepts, the prayer is due. The five prayers are explained in how many prayers a Muslim prays in one day, and those exempted in which Muslim adults are not obliged to pray.
قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لمعاذ حين بعثه إلى اليمن: "فليكن أول ما تدعوهم إليه عبادة الله، فإذا عرفوا الله فأخبرهم أن الله قد فرض عليهم خمس صلوات في يومهم وليلتهم" (صحيح البخاري 1458). فغير المسلم يدعى إلى الإسلام أولا، فإذا أسلم وجبت عليه الصلاة.
Scholarly Insight: Training at seven has a purpose: Ibn Kathir notes under 66:6 that the jurists said the same of fasting, so that it is practice for the child in worship, and he reaches puberty already keeping to worship and obedience and away from sins. Read more in the tafsir of Surah At-Tahrim.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Who is obliged to pray?
Every Muslim who has reached puberty and is sane.
Is a young boy obliged to pray?
No, not before puberty; but a Muslim must command his son or daughter to pray from the age of seven (Sunan Abi Dawud 495, graded hasan sahih by al-Albani).
Is prayer obligatory on an insane person or a non-Muslim?
No. It is obligatory on the sane adult Muslim; the non-Muslim is first called to Islam (Sahih al-Bukhari 1458).
At what age should children be told to pray?
At seven: Command your children to pray when they are seven years old (Sunan Abi Dawud 495, graded hasan sahih by al-Albani).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →