What Is the Proof From the Quran and Sunnah That Backbiting and Gossip Are Forbidden?
ما الدليل من القرآن والسنة على تحريم الغيبة والنميمة؟
What is the proof from the Quran and the Sunnah that backbiting and gossip are prohibited?
The answer gives two proofs: Al-Hujurat 49:12, which forbids backbiting and likens it to eating the flesh of one's dead brother, and the hadith of the Ascension, in which the Prophet saw people with copper nails scratching their faces and chests, those who ate people's flesh and attacked their honor (Abu Dawud 4878).
Islam strictly guards human dignity and personal honor. The foundational texts contain clear warnings that expose the magnitude of the spiritual sin committed by those who speak ill of others behind their backs.
The Evidence from the Holy Quran
Allah Almighty explicitly forbids backbiting in the Quran, using an intentionally repulsing metaphor to awaken the human conscience:
(O believers! Avoid many suspicions, for indeed, some suspicions are sinful. And do not spy, nor backbite one another. Would any of you like to eat the flesh of their dead brother? You would despise that! And fear Allah. Surely Allah is the Accepter of Repentance, Most Merciful.) Surah Al Hujurat 49: 12.
The Evidence from the Prophetic Sunnah
In this Quranic verse, there is a clear indication of the true magnitude of the sin which the backbiter commits. Therefore his punishment in the Hereafter is of the same kind as his deed.
The Prophet pbuh on the night of his ascension (Al Isra wal Mi'raj) passed by people with copper nails, scratching their own faces and breasts. He asked: "Who are these, Gabriel?" Gabriel replied: "These are the ones who eat people's flesh and attack their honor." (Sunan Abi Dawud 4878)
ما الدليل من القرآن والسنة على تحريم الغيبة والنميمة؟
يذكر الجواب دليلين: آية الحجرات 49:12 التي نهت عن الغيبة وشبهتها بأكل لحم الأخ ميتا، وحديث المعراج الذي رأى فيه النبي ﷺ قوما لهم أظفار من نحاس يخمشون وجوههم وصدورهم، وهم الذين يأكلون لحوم الناس ويقعون في أعراضهم (سنن أبي داود 4878).
يحمي الإسلام كرامة الإنسان وعرضه بشكل صارم. وتحتوي النصوص التأسيسية على تحذيرات واضحة تكشف عن حجم الذنب الروحي الذي يرتكبه أولئك الذين يتحدثون بسوء عن الآخرين في غيبتهم.
الدليل من القرآن الكريم
قال الله تعالى: (يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اجْتَنِبُوا كَثِيرًا مِّنَ الظَّنِّ إِنَّ بَعْضَ الظَّنِّ إِثْمٌ ۖ وَلَا تَجَسَّسُوا وَلَا يَغْتَب بَّعْضُكُم بَعْضًا ۚ أَيُحِبُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَن يَأْكُلَ لَحْمَ أَخِيهِ مَيْتًا فَكَرِهْتُمُوهُ ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَوَّابٌ رَّحِيمٌ) الحجرات 49: 12.
الدليل من السنة النبوية
في هذه الآية دلالة واضحة على حجم الذنب الذي يقع فيه المغتاب، ولذلك فإن عقابه في الآخرة هو من جنس العمل. فقد مر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ليلة عرج به، بقوم لهم أظفار من نحاس، يخمشون وجوههم وصدورهم، فقال: "من هؤلاء يا جبريل؟" قال: "هؤلاء الذين يأكلون لحوم الناس، ويقعون في أعراضهم" (سنن أبي داود 4878).
1. Suspicion, Spying, Then Backbiting | الظن ثم التجسس ثم الغيبة
The verse forbids three things in sequence: much suspicion, spying, and backbiting. The Prophet said: Beware of suspicion, for suspicion is the most false of speech; do not look for faults, do not spy, do not envy, do not hate one another, do not turn your backs on one another, and be, O servants of Allah, brothers (Sahih al-Bukhari 6066). Allah asks why the believers did not think well of one another when they heard a rumor (An-Nur 24:12).
لَّوْلَا إِذْ سَمِعْتُمُوهُ ظَنَّ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتُ بِأَنفُسِهِمْ خَيْرًا (سورة النور: 12)
نهت الآية عن ثلاثة أمور متتابعة: كثير من الظن، والتجسس، والغيبة. قال النبي ﷺ: "إياكم والظن، فإن الظن أكذب الحديث، ولا تحسسوا، ولا تجسسوا، ولا تناجشوا، ولا تحاسدوا، ولا تباغضوا، ولا تدابروا، وكونوا عباد الله إخوانا" (صحيح البخاري 6066). وعاتب الله المؤمنين إذ لم يظنوا بأنفسهم خيرا حين سمعوا الإفك (النور 24:12).
2. Why the Image of Eating Flesh | لماذا شبهت الغيبة بأكل اللحم
Al-Qurtubi explains that Allah likened backbiting to eating a dead body because the dead person does not know his flesh is being eaten, just as the living person does not know who backbites him. Ibn Abbas said that Allah gave this example because eating a dead man's flesh is forbidden and filthy, and so is backbiting, forbidden in religion and ugly to the soul. Qatada said: just as you would refuse to eat your brother's flesh when he is dead, refuse to backbite him while he is alive.
قال القرطبي: "مثل الله الغيبة بأكل الميتة؛ لأن الميت لا يعلم بأكل لحمه كما أن الحي لا يعلم بغيبة من اغتابه. وقال ابن عباس: إنما ضرب الله هذا المثل للغيبة لأن أكل لحم الميت حرام مستقذر، وكذا الغيبة حرام في الدين وقبيح في النفوس. وقال قتادة: كما يمتنع أحدكم أن يأكل لحم أخيه ميتا كذلك يجب أن يمتنع من غيبته حيا".
3. The Evidence Against Gossip | الدليل على تحريم النميمة
Allah tells His Prophet not to obey every contemptible swearer, the slanderer who goes about with malicious gossip (Al-Qalam 68:10-11), and says: woe to every slanderer and backbiter (Al-Humazah 104:1). The Prophet said: The one who spreads tales will not enter Paradise (Sahih al-Bukhari 6056). He also said: All of a Muslim is sacred to another Muslim: his blood, his wealth, and his honor (Sahih Muslim 2564).
وَيْلٌ لِّكُلِّ هُمَزَةٍ لُّمَزَةٍ (سورة الهمزة: 1)
قال الله تعالى: ولا تطع كل حلاف مهين، هماز مشاء بنميم (القلم 68:10-11)، وقال: ويل لكل همزة لمزة (الهمزة 104:1). وقال النبي ﷺ: "لا يدخل الجنة قتات" (صحيح البخاري 6056)، وقال: "كل المسلم على المسلم حرام: دمه وماله وعرضه" (صحيح مسلم 2564).
Scholarly Insight: In Islamic social morality, the parallel between backbiting and eating a dead brother's flesh is one of the Quran's strongest rebukes. Al-Qurtubi explains that the dead person does not know his flesh is being eaten, just as the absent person does not know he is being backbitten, and the punishment the Prophet saw on the night of the Ascension is of the same kind as the deed (Sunan Abi Dawud 4878). A Muslim's honor is as sacred as his blood and wealth (Sahih Muslim 2564). Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Humazah.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Why does the Quran compare backbiting to eating a dead brother's flesh?
Al-Qurtubi explains that the dead do not know their flesh is being eaten, just as the absent person does not know he is backbitten; Ibn Abbas said both are forbidden and repulsive (Al-Hujurat 49:12).
What did the Prophet see regarding backbiters during the Ascension?
People with copper nails scratching their faces and chests. Gabriel told him: these are the ones who eat people's flesh and attack their honor (Sunan Abi Dawud 4878).
What is the connection between suspicion, spying, and backbiting?
Al-Hujurat 49:12 forbids them in sequence, and the Prophet said: beware of suspicion, for it is the most false of speech; do not look for faults and do not spy (Sahih al-Bukhari 6066).
What is the proof that gossip is forbidden?
Allah condemns the slanderer who goes about with malicious gossip (Al-Qalam 68:10-11), and the Prophet said: the one who spreads tales will not enter Paradise (Sahih al-Bukhari 6056).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →