The Children of Israel Were Known for Twisting Allah's Law. How Did They Manipulate the Prohibition on Saturday Hunting?
عرف بنو إسرائيل بالتحايل على شريعة الله عز وجل. كيف احتالوا على النهي الشرعي الذي حرم الصيد يوم السبت؟
They used to cast their nets on a weekday, so the nets would catch fish on the Sabbath, and they would say they had not fished on the Sabbath themselves, since it was the nets that caught the fish. This was a deeply malicious trick. To explain:
The Jews who lived in the town by the sea, which is today called Al-Aqabah, violated the sanctity of the Sabbath and transgressed Allah's ruling that forbade fishing on it. Allah tested them by making the fish not come to them on the other days of the week, while on the Sabbath the fish came. So they schemed against Allah and set their nets before the Sabbath; when the fish came on the Sabbath they were caught in them, and they left them there until the Sabbath had ended.
A group among them advised the others not to do this and reminded them of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, but they did not heed the advice of those who advised them. Allah punished them by transforming them into servile, disgraced apes.
(You are already aware of those of you who broke the Sabbath. We said to them, "Be disgraced apes!") Al-Baqarah 2:65
(Ask them ˹O Prophet˺ about ˹the people of˺ the town which was by the sea, who broke the Sabbath. During the Sabbath, ˹abundant˺ fish would come to them clearly visible, but on other days the fish were never seen. In this way We tested them for their rebelliousness.) Al-A'raf 7:163
(But when they stubbornly persisted in violation, We said to them, "Be disgraced apes!") Al-A'raf 7:166
إنهم كانوا ينصبون شباكهم في يوم من الأسبوع لتصيد لهم يوم السبت، وذلك ليقولوا إنهم لم يصطادوا يوم السبت ولكن الشباك هي التي صادت، وهذه حيلة في غاية الخبث. وتوضيح ذلك:
كان اليهود الذين يسكنون القرية التي على ساحل البحر، وهي تسمى اليوم العقبة، يعتدون على حرمة السبت ويتجاوزون حكم الله الذي يحرم الصيد فيه، فامتحنهم الله بأن جعل الأسماك والحيتان لا تأتيهم في أيام الأسبوع، أما يوم السبت فتأتي الحيتان. فكانوا يحتالون على الله وينصبون الشباك قبل السبت، فلما تأتي الحيتان يوم السبت كانت تقع فيها، فيتركونها حتى ينتهي السبت.
قامت منهم أمة تنصحهم ألا يفعلوا ذلك وتذكرهم بالله عز وجل، ولكنهم لم يلتفتوا لنصح الناصحين. عاقبهم الله بأن مُسخوا قردة ذليلين صاغرين.
(وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمُ الَّذِينَ اعْتَدَوْا مِنكُمْ فِي السَّبْتِ فَقُلْنَا لَهُمْ كُونُوا قِرَدَةً خَاسِئِينَ) البقرة 2: 65
(وَاسْأَلْهُمْ عَنِ الْقَرْيَةِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ حَاضِرَةَ الْبَحْرِ إِذْ يَعْدُونَ فِي السَّبْتِ إِذْ تَأْتِيهِمْ حِيتَانُهُمْ يَوْمَ سَبْتِهِمْ شُرَّعًا وَيَوْمَ لَا يَسْبِتُونَ لَا تَأْتِيهِمْ كَذَٰلِكَ نَبْلُوهُم بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ) الأعراف 7: 163
(فَلَمَّا عَتَوْا عَن مَّا نُهُوا عَنْهُ قُلْنَا لَهُمْ كُونُوا قِرَدَةً خَاسِئِينَ) الأعراف 7: 166
1. A Test Built Into the Fish's Own Behavior | اختبارٌ متضمَّن في سلوك الأسماك نفسها
Fish appeared visibly and abundantly only on the very day fishing was forbidden, while remaining absent every other day of the week. The Ayah explicitly names this arrangement as a test: "In this way We tested them for their rebelliousness" (7:163). Ibn Kathir identifies the town as Aylah, on the shore of the Red Sea, and the answer notes that it is today called Al-Aqabah. The covenant they had been bound by is told in why Allah raised Mount Tur above the Children of Israel.
كانت الأسماك تظهر ظاهرة كثيرة في اليوم الذي حُرم فيه الصيد وحده، وتغيب في سائر أيام الأسبوع. وتصرح الآية بأن هذا ابتلاء: "كذلك نبلوهم بما كانوا يفسقون" (الأعراف 7: 163). ويذكر ابن كثير أن القرية هي أيلة، على ساحل البحر الأحمر، ويذكر الجواب أنها تسمى اليوم العقبة. وأما الميثاق الذي أُخذ عليهم فيأتي في بيان لماذا رفع الله جبل الطور فوق بني إسرائيل.
2. Nets Set Beforehand, Collected Afterward | شباكٌ تُنصب قبل السبت وتُجمع بعده
The scheme itself was carefully engineered around the letter of the law: nets were cast on a permitted day, allowed to trap fish through Saturday, and only collected once the sacred day had passed. This let them claim they had not personally fished on the Sabbath, even though the entire plan existed specifically to catch Sabbath fish. Saturday, the Sabbath, is one of only two days of the week named in the Quran, as explained in which days of the week the Quran mentions.
وقد دُبرت الحيلة بإحكام حول ظاهر الحكم: تُنصب الشباك في يوم مباح، وتُترك لتحبس الأسماك طوال السبت، ولا تُجمع إلا بعد انقضاء اليوم المحرم. فأتاح لهم ذلك أن يزعموا أنهم لم يصطادوا بأنفسهم يوم السبت، مع أن الخطة كلها لم توضع إلا لصيد أسماك السبت. والسبت أحد يومين فقط من أيام الأسبوع ذُكرا باسميهما في القرآن، كما يأتي في بيان أيام الأسبوع التي ذكرها القرآن.
3. A Righteous Minority Warned Them, and Was Ignored | فئةٌ صالحة حذرتهم فلم يُسمع لها
Not everyone participated in the deception; a group among them specifically advised against it and reminded the community of Allah. Their warning going unheeded shows the violation was not a matter of ignorance: correct guidance was available and known, but deliberately set aside.
لم يشارك الجميع في هذا التحايل؛ فقد نهت عنه طائفة منهم وذكّرت القوم بالله. ويدل تجاهل تحذيرهم على أن المخالفة لم تكن عن جهل: فالهدى الصحيح كان حاضرا معلوما، لكنه تُرك عمدا.
4. A Punishment That Answered Their Persistence | عقوبةٌ تُجاوب إصرارهم
Surah Al-A'raf specifies that the transformation into disgraced apes came "when they stubbornly persisted in violation" (7:166), directly tying the punishment to their continued defiance after being warned rather than to the initial mistake alone. How they met Allah's other favors is told in how the Children of Israel met Allah's blessings upon them.
تحدد سورة الأعراف أن مسخهم قردة خاسئين جاء بعد أن "عتوا عن ما نهوا عنه" (الأعراف 7: 166)، فتربط العقوبة مباشرة بإصرارهم على العصيان بعد إنذارهم، لا بالزلة الأولى وحدها. وأما كيف قابلوا نعم الله الأخرى فيأتي في بيان كيف قابل بنو إسرائيل نعم الله عليهم.
5. A Warning About Legal Loopholes in General | تحذيرٌ عام من التحايل على الشريعة
This episode is a well-known Quranic example of a legal trick: an outward show of keeping a command while actually breaking it. The severity of the punishment marks this kind of deliberate loophole-seeking as no less serious than open, direct violation.
هذه الحادثة مثال قرآني مشهور على الحيلة: إظهار التزام الأمر مع مخالفته في الحقيقة. وتدل شدة العقوبة على أن هذا النوع من التحايل المتعمد ليس أهون من المخالفة الصريحة المباشرة.
Scholarly Insight: Surah Al-Baqarah 2:65 and Surah Al-A'raf 7:163-166 record how a coastal community transgressed the Sabbath when fish appeared only on that forbidden day (the commentators, including Ibn Kathir, explain the nets they set beforehand), and were transformed into disgraced apes for persisting despite being warned. Read the fuller context in the tafsir of Surah Al-A'raf.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
How did the Children of Israel get around the Saturday fishing ban?
They set their nets before Saturday, letting fish become trapped on the forbidden day, then collected them afterward.
Why did fish only appear on Saturday specifically?
The Ayah describes this as a deliberate test of their obedience to the prohibition.
Did anyone warn them against this scheme?
Yes, a righteous group among them advised against it and reminded them of Allah, but they were ignored.
What punishment did Allah give them?
He transformed them into disgraced apes, specifically after they persisted despite being warned.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →