How Many Years Did Yusuf Spend in Prison?
كم سنة قضى يوسف في السجن؟
Several years, the exact number is not mentioned. However, the Quran mentions a few years, and the Arabic term bid’a is usually used for a number between 3 and 9. (Then he said to the one he knew would survive, “Mention me in the presence of your master.” But Satan made him forget to mention Joseph to his master, so he remained in prison for several years.) Yusuf 12:42
ليس مثبتا عدد السنين التي مكث يوسف عليه السلام في السجن، بل قال تعالى: بِضْعَ سِنِينَ، والبضع يُطلق على العدد من 3 إلى 9 سنوات. وَقَالَ لِلَّذِي ظَنَّ أَنَّهُ نَاجٍ مِّنْهُمَا اذْكُرْنِي عِندَ رَبِّكَ فَأَنسَاهُ الشَّيْطَانُ ذِكْرَ رَبِّهِ فَلَبِثَ فِي السِّجْنِ بِضْعَ سِنِينَ ﴿٤٢﴾ (سورة يوسف: 42).
1. A Deliberately Imprecise Number | عدد غامض عن قصد
Ibn Kathir reports from Mujahid and Qatada that bid’ means between three and nine; Wahb ibn Munabbih said Yusuf (peace be upon him) stayed in prison seven years, and al-Dahhak reported twelve from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both). The Quran itself leaves the number open. What the term does convey clearly is an extended period, showing that relief came after years of waiting, reinforcing that his eventual rise to power came only after years of sustained patience, not a brief setback.
ينقل ابن كثير عن مجاهد وقتادة أن البضع ما بين الثلاث إلى التسع، وعن وهب بن منبه أن يوسف مكث في السجن سبعا، وعن الضحاك عن ابن عباس أنها ثنتا عشرة سنة، والقرآن الكريم يترك العدد مفتوحا. وما يوضحه المصطلح بجلاء هو مدة ممتدة، تدل على أن الفرج جاء بعد سنوات من الانتظار، مما يؤكد أن صعوده لاحقا إلى السلطة لم يأتِ إلا بعد سنوات من الصبر المتواصل، لا مجرد نكسة عابرة.
2. One Moment of Forgetfulness, Years of Consequence | لحظة نسيان واحدة، سنوات من العواقب
The verse directly ties Yusuf’s extended stay to a specific cause, a fellow prisoner forgetting to mention his case after being freed, showing the additional years were not random but the direct result of one person’s forgetfulness. Ibn Kathir says the correct view, held by Mujahid, Muhammad ibn Ishaq and others, is that Satan made the freed man forget to mention Yusuf to his master; Ibn Jarir also reports from Ibn Abbas, Mujahid and Ikrimah that the pronoun refers to Yusuf, and Ibn Kathir grades the hadith cited for that reading as very weak.
تربط الآية مباشرة إطالة مكوث يوسف بسبب محدد، هو نسيان سجين آخر ذكر قضيته بعد إطلاق سراحه، مما يبين أن السنوات الإضافية لم تكن عشوائية بل نتيجة مباشرة لنسيان شخص واحد. ويذكر ابن كثير أن الصواب، كما قال مجاهد ومحمد بن إسحاق وغير واحد، أن الضمير في “فأنساه الشيطان” عائد على الناجي، فنسي أن يذكر يوسف عند الملك؛ وروى ابن جرير عن ابن عباس ومجاهد وعكرمة أنه عائد على يوسف، وضعّف ابن كثير الحديث المروي في ذلك جدا.
3. A Lesson From This Delay | عبرة من هذا التأخير
The verse is a reminder to place full reliance on Allah even while taking practical means; asking a person for lawful assistance does not contradict that reliance. Yusuf’s interpretation of his two fellow prisoners’ dreams is covered in the dreams of the two men imprisoned with Yusuf.
وفي الآية تذكير بضرورة التوكل الكامل على الله حتى مع الأخذ بالأسباب العملية، فطلب المساعدة المشروعة من إنسان لا ينافي ذلك التوكل. وتأويل يوسف لرؤيا رفيقيه في السجن تتناولها المسألة التالية في هذا القسم الفرعي.
Scholarly Insight: Al-Qurtubi records further estimates of Yusuf’s imprisonment (12:42): “Fourteen years, according to al-Dahhak. Muqatil reports from Mujahid, from Ibn Abbas: Yusuf remained in prison five years and a few more. The word is derived from cutting a thing, so it denotes a portion of a number.” These are transmitted estimates; neither establishes an authenticated total for his imprisonment. For the end of his confinement, see Yusuf’s response when release was offered. Read the fuller context in the tafsir of Surah Yusuf.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
How many years did Yusuf spend in prison?
The Quran does not give an exact total, but describes his further stay as “a few years” (bid’a sinin), a term meaning roughly three to nine years.
Why was his imprisonment extended further?
A fellow prisoner he asked to mention his case to the king forgot to do so after being freed.
What lesson does this delay teach?
To place full reliance on Allah even while taking practical means, rather than depending on people alone.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →