What Do We Know About the Prophet's (PBUH) Hashemite Family Before His Mission?
ماذا نعرف عن أسرة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم الهاشمية قبل بعثته؟
The great-grandfather of the Prophet, peace be upon him, Hashem ibn Abd Manaf, was the one who watched over the watering and drinking for the pilgrims, and Hashem was of great honor and was the first to feed tharid (bread broken into broth) to the pilgrims and he was the one who initiated the two trade trips of Quraish, (winter and summer ).
ان جد الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم هاشم بن عبد مناف ، هو الذي تولى السقاية والرفادة، وهاشم كان ذا شرف كبير وهو أول من أطعم الثريد للحجاج بمكة ، وكان اسمه عمرو فما سمى هاشم إلا لهشمه الخبز ، وهو أول من سن الرحلتين لقريش ، رحلة الشتاء والصيف.
1. Hashim ibn Abd Manaf and the Two Trade Journeys | هاشم بن عبد مناف وتأسيس رحلتي الشتاء والصيف
Hashim (originally named Amr) was the great-grandfather of the Prophet. He was a visionary leader who secured peaceful pacts (ilaf) with regional powers and instituted the famous biannual trade journeys of Quraysh: the winter caravan to Yemen and the summer caravan to the Levant (Sham).
لِإِيلَافِ قُرَيْشٍ إِيلَافِهِمْ رِحْلَةَ الشِّتَاءِ وَالصَّيْفِ (سورة قريش: 1-2)
هاشم واسمه عمرو هو الجد الأكبر للنبي ﷺ، وكان سيداً حكيماً عظيم الهمة؛ أخذ الإيلاف وأمن لقريش تجاراتها، وهو أول من سن لقومه رحلتي الشتاء إلى اليمن والصيف إلى الشام.
2. The Origins of the Name "Hashim" | سبب تسميته "هاشماً" لإطعامه الحجيج بمكة
His original name was Amr, but he became known throughout Arabia as "Hashim" (the crusher) because during a severe famine in Mecca, he purchased flour, slaughtered camels, and crushed dried bread into rich broth (threed) to feed pilgrims and the needy.
فَلْيَعْبُدُوا رَبَّ هَـٰذَا الْبَيْتِ الَّذِي أَطْعَمَهُم مِّن جُوعٍ وَآمَنَهُم مِّنْ خَوْفٍ (سورة قريش: 3-4)
كان اسمه الأصلي عمراً، وإنما لُقب بهاشم لأنه هشم الخبز وصنع الثريد وأطعم الحجاج وأهل مكة في عام جدب ومجاعة، فضرب به العرب المثل في الجود والكرم.
3. Custodianship of Pilgrims (Siqayah and Rifadah) | تولي السقاية والرفادة وإكرام وفود الرحمن
Banu Hashim inherited the sacred responsibilities of Siqayah (providing water for pilgrims) and Rifadah (providing hospitality and meals). Hashim and his descendants discharged these duties generously, often from their own wealth, viewing the care of pilgrims as an inviolable sacred trust.
أَجَعَلْتُمْ سِقَايَةَ الْحَاجِّ وَعِمَارَةَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ كَمَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَجَاهَدَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَا يَسْتَوُونَ عِندَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ (سورة التوبة: 19)
توارث بنو هاشم شرف السقاية والرفادة في الجاهلية، فكانوا يبذلون أموالهم لإطعام وفود الحجيج وسقايتهم من آبار مكة حباً للبيت وتعظيماً لحرمات الله.
4. Noble Distinction of Banu Hashim in Prophetic Hadith | الشرف والمكانة الرفيعة لبني هاشم في السنة
Prophet Muhammad highlighted that his family was distinguished by divine favor and moral excellence. In Sahih Muslim, he affirmed that Allah chose Banu Hashim from among Quraysh.
وَاصْطَفَى مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ (صحيح مسلم: 2276)
شهدت السنة النبوية بفضل هذه الدوحة المباركة، فقد صح عن النبي ﷺ أن الله اصطفى بني هاشم من قريش.
5. Preparation for the Universal Prophetic Mission | التمهيد الإلهي لظهور الرسالة الخاتمة
The elevated standing, diplomatic prestige, and moral integrity of Banu Hashim served a divine purpose: establishing an environment of respect and tribal protection in Mecca that later shielded the Prophet during the arduous early years of public preaching.
لَا أُقْسِمُ بِهَـٰذَا الْبَلَدِ وَأَنتَ حِلٌّ بِهَـٰذَا الْبَلَدِ (سورة البلد: 1-2)
كانت سيادة بني هاشم وسمعتهم الطيبة بين القبائل تهيئة قدرية لحمل أعباء النبوة؛ فوفرت للنبي ﷺ في مطلع دعوته مهابة قبلية وحماية اجتماعية مكنت رسالته من الثبات.
Scholarly Insight: The historical legacy of Hashim and his clan demonstrates how divine wisdom prepared the social prestige of Banu Hashim to facilitate the prophetic mission. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Quraysh.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Who was the founder of the Hashemite clan before Islam?
Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, the great-grandfather of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).
Why was he named "Hashim"?
His original name was Amr, but he was called Hashim because he crushed bread into rich broth to feed pilgrims during a drought.
What major economic innovation did Hashim introduce for Quraysh?
He instituted the two annual trade journeys (Rihlat ash-Shita'i was-Sayf) to Yemen in winter and Syria in summer.
What responsibilities did Banu Hashim manage at the Kaaba?
They held the prestigious offices of Siqayah (providing water) and Rifadah (providing food and hospitality for pilgrims).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →