What Are the Types of Revelation?
ما هي أنواع الوحي؟
The true vision, and it was the beginning of his Revelation, peace be upon him.
What the angel used to cast into his heart without seeing it, as the Messenger, peace be upon him, said: (The Holy Spirit (Jibril) has breathed into my heart that no soul will die until it has received its provision in full, so fear Allah and be moderate in seeking provision, and let not a delay in provision lead any of you to seek it by disobeying Allah, for what is with Allah is attained only by obeying Him.)
Note: The earlier published Arabic read wa-a‘malu al-talab; it was corrected to wa-ajmilu fi al-talab (be moderate in seeking), the wording of Jabir’s report in Sunan Ibn Majah (2144), graded sahih.
The angel used to appear to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, in the figure of a man, so he would address him, so that he would understand what he was saying to him, and in that case the Companions would see him.
The angel used to come to him like the ringing of a bell, which was the hardest on him; the angel would take hold of him, until his forehead dripped with sweat even on a very cold day.
He used to see the angel in the figure it was created in. It revealed to him, peace be upon him, whatever Allah willed to reveal to him. This happened to the Prophet, peace be upon him, twice.
The things Allah the Almighty revealed to him, peace be upon him, when he was above the heavens on the night of the Mi’raj (Night Journey), and they were about obligatory acts of worship such as Salah.
The word of Allah to him immediately without an intermediary angel, just like when Allah the Almighty spoke to Moses, and this rank is definitely proven to be for Moses in the text of the Qur’an. It is also confirmed to be granted to our Prophet, peace be upon him, in the Hadith of Isra’ (the Night Journey).
الرؤيا الصادقة، وكانت مبدأ وحيه صلى الله عليه وسلم.
ما كان يلقيه الملك في روعه وقلبه من غير أن يراه، كما قال الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم:(إن روح القدس نفث في روعي أنه لن تموت نفس حتى تستكمل رزقها، فاتقوا الله، وأجملوا في الطلب، ولا يحملنكم استبطاء الرزق على أن تطلبوه بمعصية الله، فإن ما عند الله لا ينال إلا بطاعته).
ملاحظة: جاء في النص المنشور سابقا: (واعملوا الطلب)، وصُحح إلى (وأجملوا في الطلب)، وهو لفظ حديث جابر في سنن ابن ماجه (2144) بإسناد صحيح.
أنه كان الملك يتمثل لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، في صورة رجل فيخاطبه حتى يعي ما يقول له، وفي هذه المرتبة كان يراه الصحابة.
أنه كان يأتيه في مثل صلصلة الجرس، وكان أشده عليه، فيلتبس به الملك، حتى إن جبينه ليتفصد عرقا في اليوم الشديد البرد.
إنه يرى الملك في صورته التي خلق عليها، فيوحي إليه ما شاء الله أن يوحيه، وهذا وقع له مرتين.
ما أوحاه الله إليه، وهو فوق السموات ليلة المعراج من فرض الصلاة وغيرها.
كلام الله له منه إليه بلا واسطة ملك كما كلم الله موسى، وهذه المرتبة هي ثابتة لموسى قطعا بنص القرآن، وثبوتها لنبينا صلى الله عليه وسلم هو في حديث الإسراء.
1. The Quranic Classification of Revelation | التصنيف القرآني الشامل لمراتب الوحي الإلهي
Surah Ash-Shura sets out how Allah communicates with human beings: "It is not ˹possible˺ for a human being to have Allah communicate with them, except through inspiration, or from behind a veil, or by sending a messenger-angel to reveal whatever He wills by His permission" (42:51).
وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّـهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا أَوْ مِن وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ أَوْ يُرْسِلَ رَسُولًا فَيُوحِيَ بِإِذْنِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ (سورة الشورى: 51)
أرست سورة الشورى القاعدة القرآنية المحكمة في كيفية اتصال الخالق بالمخلوق: فبينت أن الوحي يكون إما إلهاماً ونفثاً في الروع، أو تكليماً من وراء حجاب، أو بإرسال رسول ملكي كجبريل عليه السلام.
2. The Reverberation of a Bell (Salsalat al-Jaras) | صلصلة الجرس: أشد مراتب الوحي وثقله الجسدي
Al-Harith ibn Hisham (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the Prophet ﷺ how revelation came to him, and he said: "Sometimes it comes to me like the ringing of a bell, and this is the hardest on me." Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) added that she saw it come to him on a very cold day, and when it left him his forehead was dripping with sweat (Sahih al-Bukhari 2). Ibn Kathir cites this hadith when he explains "We will soon send upon you a weighty word" (73:5).
إِنَّا سَنُلْقِي عَلَيْكَ قَوْلًا ثَقِيلًا (سورة المزمل: 5)
سأل الحارث بن هشام النبي ﷺ: كيف يأتيك الوحي؟ فقال: «أحيانا يأتيني مثل صلصلة الجرس، وهو أشده علي»، قالت عائشة: ولقد رأيته ينزل عليه الوحي في اليوم الشديد البرد فيفصم عنه وإن جبينه ليتفصد عرقا (صحيح البخاري 2). وقد ذكر ابن كثير هذا الحديث عند قوله تعالى: (إِنَّا سَنُلْقِي عَلَيْكَ قَوْلًا ثَقِيلًا).
3. Angelic Embodiment in Human Form | تمثل الملك في صورة رجل ومخاطبته للنبي
At other times the angel came in the form of a man. The Prophet said in the same hadith: "Sometimes the angel takes the form of a man and speaks to me, and I retain what he says" (Sahih al-Bukhari 2). The Companions saw Jibril as a man asking about Islam, faith and excellence (Sahih Muslim 8).
ومن ذلك أن يتمثل له الملك رجلا، قال ﷺ: «وأحيانا يتمثل لي الملك رجلا فيكلمني فأعي ما يقول» (صحيح البخاري 2)، ورآه الصحابة في صورة رجل يسأل عن الإسلام والإيمان والإحسان (صحيح مسلم 8).
4. Direct Divine Speech Behind a Veil | التكليم الإلهي المباشر من وراء حجاب في ليلة المعراج
In this rank Allah spoke to him directly, without an angel between them, as the scholar explains: on the night of the Ascension, above the heavens, when the prayers were made obligatory, just as Allah spoke to Musa (peace be upon him) (4:164).
وَكَلَّمَ اللَّـهُ مُوسَىٰ تَكْلِيمًا (سورة النساء: 164)
وفي هذه المرتبة كلمه الله تعالى منه إليه بلا واسطة ملك كما يقول الشيخ، وذلك ليلة المعراج فوق السماوات حين فرضت الصلاة، كما كلم الله موسى تكليما.
5. Beholding Gabriel in His Actual Celestial Form | رؤية جبريل في صورته الملائكية العظيمة بستمائة جناح
Twice he saw Jibril in the form in which he was created. Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said the Prophet ﷺ saw Jibril with six hundred wings (Sahih al-Bukhari 3232), and Aisha reported him saying that he saw him in that form only twice, descending from the sky, his great size filling the space between heaven and earth (Sahih Muslim 177); the Quran mentions the second sighting at the Lote Tree of the farthest boundary (53:13-14).
وَلَقَدْ رَآهُ نَزْلَةً أُخْرَىٰ عِندَ سِدْرَةِ الْمُنتَهَىٰ (سورة النجم: 13-14)
رأى النبي ﷺ جبريل على صورته التي خلق عليها مرتين؛ قال ابن مسعود: رأى جبريل له ستمائة جناح (صحيح البخاري 3232)، وقالت عائشة إنه قال: «لم أره على صورته التي خلق عليها غير هاتين المرتين، رأيته منهبطا من السماء سادا عظم خلقه ما بين السماء إلى الأرض» (صحيح مسلم 177).
Scholarly Insight: Sahih al-Bukhari 4980 records Umm Salamah's identification of a visitor who was actually Gabriel: “Gabriel came to the Prophet while Umm Salamah was with him, and began speaking. The Prophet asked Umm Salamah: Who is this? Or words to that effect. She said: This is Dihyah. When he rose, she said: By Allah, I thought it was him until I heard the Prophet's sermon recounting the news of Gabriel.” See the first encounter with Gabriel at Hira. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Ash-Shura.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What are the main types of revelation mentioned in the Quran and Hadith?
True dreams, inspirational casting into the heart, bell-like reverberation, angelic human embodiment, direct divine speech behind a veil, and viewing Gabriel in celestial form.
Which type of revelation was physically the hardest on the Prophet?
The ringing of a bell (salsalat al-jaras), which caused extreme physical weight and profuse sweating.
Did Allah ever speak directly to Prophet Muhammad without an angel?
Yes, during the ascension of Mi'raj above the heavens, when the five daily prayers were prescribed.
How many times did the Prophet see angel Gabriel in his actual angelic form?
Twice, as Aisha reports from him (Sahih Muslim 177); the second time was at the Lote Tree of the farthest boundary (53:13-14).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →