Who Settled the Black Stone Dispute When the Kaaba Was Rebuilt?
من الذي حكم في قضية بناء الكعبة؟
When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was thirty-five years old, Quraysh built the Kaaba, and they agreed that only good, pure money would be used in its construction, meaning that no earnings from prostitution would be used, nor would usury, or money obtained from oppression of people. When they wanted to move the black stone to the Kaaba, the tribes differed in who would carry it. The conflict continued for four or five nights, and the conflict intensified, so Abu Umayyah ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzoumi suggested that they would accept the ruling of the first person to enter from the door of the mosque, Allah willed that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) would be that person, and when they saw him, they shouted: “This is the Amin, we accept his verdict”, and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asked for a robe and he put the stone in the middle of it, and asked the leaders of the tribes to each hold the robe by one corner. When they reached the place of the stone the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) carried the stone, and put it in its place, and by his wisdom he resolved the dispute among the tribes.
عندما كان عمر الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم خمسًا وثلاثين سنة، قامت قريش ببناء الكعبة، واتفقوا على أن لا يدخل في بنائها إلا طيبا، فلا يدخل فيها مهر بغي، ولا بيع ربا، ولا مظلمة أحد من الناس، ولما أرادوا أن ينقلوا الحجر الأسود، اختلفت القبائل فيمن يحمله، واستمر النزاع أربع ليال أو خمسا، واحتدم الصراع، فاقترح أبو أمية بن المغيرة المخزومي أن يحكموا فيما شجر بينهم أول من يدخل عليهم من باب المسجد، وشاء الله أن يكون ذلك الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم، فلما رأوه هتفوا: هذا الأمين، رضينا حكما، وطلب الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم رداء فوضع الحجر وسطه، وطلب من رؤساء القبائل المتابعين أن يمسكوا جميعا من أطراف الرداء، حتى إذا وصلوا إلى موضع الحجر أخذه الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم بيده، فوضعه في مكانه، وبحكمته حل الخلاف بين القبائل.
1. The Deterioration and Flood Damaging the Kaaba | تصدع الكعبة المشرفة وقرار قريش بالبناء
Ibn Ishaq says Quraysh gathered to rebuild the Kaaba when the Prophet ﷺ was thirty-five. Its walls were loose stones a little above a man's height, and they wanted to raise and roof it after thieves had taken the treasure kept inside it. Musa ibn Uqba adds that floods kept coming down onto it and they feared the water would get in. The House had first been raised by Ibrahim and Ismail (2:127).
وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْقَوَاعِدَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ (سورة البقرة: 127)
قال ابن إسحاق: لما بلغ رسول الله ﷺ خمسًا وثلاثين سنة اجتمعت قريش لبناء الكعبة، وكانت رضمًا فوق القامة فأرادوا رفعها وتسقيفها، بعد أن سرق نفر كنزها. وقال موسى بن عقبة: كانت السيول تأتي من فوقها فخافوا أن يدخلها الماء. وقد رفع قواعد البيت أول مرة إبراهيم وإسماعيل عليهما السلام.
2. Condition of Pure Halal Wealth for the Sacred House | شرط المال الحلال الخالص في عمارة البيت
Abu Wahb ibn Amr, an uncle of the Prophet's father, told them, in Ibn Ishaq's account: "Put nothing into its building from your earnings but what is good: no prostitute's earnings, no usury, and nothing taken unjustly from anyone," the condition the scholar's answer records. Their lawful funds fell short, so they left out the area of the Hijr on the north side; the Prophet ﷺ told Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): "Your people ran short of funds" (Sahih al-Bukhari 1584).
قال أبو وهب بن عمرو، خال أبي النبي ﷺ، كما في رواية ابن إسحاق: يا معشر قريش لا تدخلوا في بنيانها من كسبكم إلا طيبًا، لا يدخل فيها مهر بغي ولا بيع ربا ولا مظلمة أحد من الناس. ولما قصرت بهم النفقة أخرجوا الحجر من البناء، وقال ﷺ لعائشة: «إن قومك قصرت بهم النفقة» (صحيح البخاري 1584).
3. The Dispute Threatening Civil War Over the Black Stone | النزاع الخطير على شرف وضع الحجر الأسود
When the walls reached the place of the Black Stone, every clan wanted the honour of raising it. Ibn Ishaq reports that they came close to fighting: Banu Abd al-Dar brought a bowl filled with blood, and they and Banu Adi swore to fight to the death and dipped their hands in it, so they were called "the blood-lickers". The deadlock lasted four or five nights.
وَاعْتَصِمُوا بِحَبْلِ اللَّـهِ جَمِيعًا وَلَا تَفَرَّقُوا (سورة آل عمران: 103)
حين بلغ البناء موضع الركن اختصمت القبائل، كل قبيلة تريد أن ترفعه دون الأخرى، حتى أعدوا للقتال، فقربت بنو عبد الدار جفنة مملوءة دمًا، ثم تعاقدوا هم وبنو عدي على الموت وأدخلوا أيديهم في الدم فسموا لعقة الدم، ومكثوا على ذلك أربع ليال أو خمسًا، كما روى ابن إسحاق.
4. Arbitration by the First Person to Enter | التحكيم العادل وفرحة الجميع بدخول الأمين
Abu Umayyah ibn al-Mughirah, then the oldest man in Quraysh, proposed that the first man to enter through the gate of the mosque should judge between them. The first to enter was the Prophet ﷺ, and they said: "This is al-Amin, we accept him; this is Muhammad."
إِنَّ اللَّـهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَن تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهَا وَإِذَا حَكَمْتُم بَيْنَ النَّاسِ أَن تَحْكُمُوا بِالْعَدْلِ (سورة النساء: 58)
اقترح أبو أمية بن المغيرة، وكان عامئذ أسن قريش كلها، أن يحكموا فيما يختلفون فيه أول من يدخل من باب المسجد، فكان أول داخل رسول الله ﷺ، فلما رأوه قالوا: هذا الأمين رضينا، هذا محمد.
5. The Cloak Solution of Genius Diplomacy | حكمة الرداء والحل الدبلوماسي المعجز الذي حقن الدماء
He asked for a cloth, put the stone in it with his own hand, and told each clan to hold a side of the cloth and lift it together. When they reached its place, he set the stone there himself. A report from Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him), which Ibn Kathir also quotes, describes the same solution.
يُؤْتِي الْحِكْمَةَ مَن يَشَاءُ وَمَن يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا (سورة البقرة: 269)
قال ﷺ: «هلموا إلي ثوبًا»، فأخذ الركن فوضعه فيه بيده، ثم قال: «لتأخذ كل قبيلة بناحية من الثوب، ثم ارفعوه جميعًا»، حتى إذا بلغوا به موضعه وضعه هو بيده. وأورد ابن كثير رواية عن علي بن أبي طالب بمثل ذلك.
Scholarly Insight: Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) records the Prophet's own work in the reconstruction (Sahih al-Bukhari 1582): “When the Kaaba was being built, the Prophet and Al-Abbas went to carry stones. Al-Abbas told the Prophet: Put your waistcloth on your neck. He fell to the ground and his eyes looked up towards the sky. He said: Show me my waistcloth. Then he fastened it around himself.” See the Prophet's reputation before his mission. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-Baqarah.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Why did Quraysh decide to rebuild the Kaaba?
Its walls were low and unroofed and its treasure had been stolen, Ibn Ishaq says; Musa ibn Uqba adds that floods kept coming down onto it.
How old was Muhammad during the reconstruction of the Kaaba?
He was thirty-five years old, approximately five years before his first revelation.
What financial condition did Quraysh set for the reconstruction?
They required that only pure, lawful wealth (halal) be used, strictly forbidding money from usury, injustice, or prostitution.
How did Muhammad resolve the Black Stone dispute?
He placed the stone upon a cloth and had the leaders of all the clans lift it together, before placing it into its socket with his own hands.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →