What Is the Story of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Monk Bahira?
ماهي قصة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم مع بحيرة الراهب؟
The prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) , accompanied his uncle Abû Țâlib and some Quraysh men on a business trip to al-Cham. When their caravan reached the city of Buṣra, in the southern region of the Levant, they found a Christian monk named Baḥîra, who was living in a monastery on their route.
When the Caravan stopped there, the monk went out to greet them and he was hospitable although he had never greeted merchants before that. He saw the Prophet and recognized him from the signs. He held his hand and said: He is the Master of this Universe. Abu Talib said: How do you know this? He said ‘ I saw the cloud that had been overshadowing him and only him, and all trees and rocks had been prostrating towards the boy. These do not prostrate themselves except to a prophet. And I know him by the seal of prophet-hood between his two shoulder blades, and he is mentioned in our books.’
So he warned the uncle, to take him back to Mecca, and that by getting the identity of the future-prophet as described in the old scriptures, some Jews would surely harm the boy.
عندما خرج الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم مع عمه للتجارة إلى الشام ، وصلوا الى منطقة اسمها بصرى ، وهي معدودة من الشام ، وكان في هذا البلد راهب اسمه: بحيرى الراهب ، فلما نزل الركب خرج إليهم ، وأكرمهم بالضيافة، وكان لا يخرج إليهم قبل ذلك وعرف رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بصفته، فقال وهو آخذ بيديه : هذا سيد العالمين، فقال أبو طالب: وماعلمك بذلك؟ فقال: رايت غمامة تظله دونكم، وحين أشرفت من العقبة لم يبق حجر ولا شجر إلا خر ساجدا، ولا تسجد إلا لنبي ، وإني أعرفه بخاتم النبوة في أسفل غضروف كتفه مثل التفاحة، وإنا نجده في كتبنا ، وسأل أبا طالب أن يرده إلى مكة خوفا عليه من اليهود.
1. The Trade Journey to Busra in Syria | رحلة التجارة إلى بصرى الشام في سن الثانية عشرة
According to reports in at-Tirmidhi and Ibn Hisham, twelve-year-old Muhammad accompanied his uncle Abu Talib on a commercial expedition heading to Syria. When the caravan halted near Busra, the seerah sources report that a Christian monk named Bahira observed the travelers from his monastery cell. This report appears in at-Tirmidhi and the seerah books, but several hadith scholars (including al-Albani) judged parts of it weak or unreliable, so its details are not established with certainty.
لِإِيلَافِ قُرَيْشٍ إِيلَافِهِمْ رِحْلَةَ الشِّتَاءِ وَالصَّيْفِ (سورة قريش: 1-2)
وفق ما تذكره الرواية عند الترمذي وفي سيرة ابن هشام، خرج النبي ﷺ في سن الثانية عشرة مع عمه أبي طالب في قافلة تجارية إلى الشام، ولما نزل الركب بقرية بصرى، تذكر كتب السيرة أن راهباً نصرانياً يقال له "بحيرا" رقب القافلة من صومعته. وهذه القصة مروية عند الترمذي وفي كتب السيرة، إلا أن عدداً من علماء الحديث (ومنهم الألباني) ضعفوا أجزاء منها، ولذلك فإن تفاصيلها ليست ثابتة بيقين.
2. Miraculous Signs Attributed to Bahira's Account | العلامات المنسوبة إلى رواية الراهب بحيرا
The seerah sources report that Bahira claimed to observe unusual signs: a cloud shading young Muhammad from the sun, branches of a tree leaning down to shade him, and rocks and trees prostrating as he passed, according to the report in at-Tirmidhi and Ibn Hisham.
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّـهَ يَسْجُدُ لَهُ مَن فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَن فِي الْأَرْضِ وَالشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ وَالنُّجُومُ وَالْجِبَالُ وَالشَّجَرُ وَالدَّوَابُّ وَكَثِيرٌ مِّنَ النَّاسِ (سورة الحج: 18)
تذكر مصادر السيرة أن بحيرا رأى علامات غير معتادة بحسب الرواية: غمامة تظل الصبي من حر الشمس، وأغصان شجرة تدلت لتظلله، وسجود الشجر والحجر كما ورد في سياق رواية الترمذي وابن هشام.
3. The Reported Banquet and Inquiries | ما ورد في شأن المأدبة ومساءلة الصبي
According to the narration, Bahira invited the caravan to a banquet and asked for young Muhammad to be present. The seerah sources report that the monk questioned him about his sleep, habits, and affairs, looking for descriptions related in earlier traditions.
الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِندَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنجِيلِ يَأْمُرُهُم بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ وَيَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَالْأَغْلَالَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ (سورة الأعراف: 157)
وفق ما ترويه القصة، أعد بحيرا طعاماً للقافلة طالباً حضور الصبي، وتذكر مصادر السيرة أنه سأله عن نومه وأحواله بحثاً عن الصفات المأثورة في الأخبار القديمة.
4. The Reported Observation of the Seal of Prophethood | ما ذكر في الرواية عن خاتم النبوة
The report in at-Tirmidhi and Ibn Hisham states that Bahira inspected the boy's back and looked for the Seal of Prophethood (Khatam an-Nubuwwah) between his shoulder blades, described in the account as a mark like an apple below the cartilage of his shoulder.
الَّذِينَ آتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ يَعْرِفُونَهُ كَمَا يَعْرِفُونَ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ (سورة البقرة: 146)
تفيد الرواية عند الترمذي وابن هشام أن بحيرا نظر إلى ظهر الصبي وتفحص موضع خاتم النبوة بين كتفيه، ووصفته الرواية بأنه مثل التفاحة في أسفل غضروف كتفه.
5. The Reported Counsel to Abu Talib | نصيحة الراهب لأبي طالب كما وردت في الرواية
According to the account in at-Tirmidhi and Ibn Hisham, Bahira advised Abu Talib to return the boy to Mecca and guard him vigilantly, warning that hostile parties might seek to harm him if they recognized the signs reported by the monk.
وَاللَّـهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ (سورة المائدة: 67)
بحسب ما ترويه المصادر عند الترمذي وابن هشام، نصح بحيرا أبا طالب بأن يعود بابن أخيه إلى مكة ويحذر عليه من كيد المتربصين به شراً إذا رأوا منه ما زعم الراهب رؤيته.
Scholarly Insight: Seerah works transmit the story of Bahira in the context of early signs of prophethood, though hadith scholars point out that its individual transmission chains contain weakness, so its narrative details are treated with scholarly caution rather than certainty. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-A'raf.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Where did Prophet Muhammad meet the monk Bahira?
According to seerah reports, the encounter took place in the town of Busra in southern Syria during a trade expedition with his uncle Abu Talib.
How old was the Prophet during this encounter?
The reports state that he was approximately twelve years old at the time.
What signs led Bahira to recognize him as the future Prophet?
The narrations mention signs including a shading cloud, trees and rocks prostrating, and the Seal of Prophethood, though hadith scholars note these details are not established with certainty.
What warning did Bahira give to Abu Talib?
According to the account, Bahira urged Abu Talib to return young Muhammad to Mecca to protect him from hostile enemies who might recognize him.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →