What Is the Story of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Monk Bahira?
ما هي قصة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم مع بحيرى الراهب؟
The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) accompanied his uncle Abu Talib and some Quraysh men on a business trip to al-Sham. When their caravan reached the city of Buṣra, in the southern region of the Levant, they found a Christian monk named Baḥîra, who was living in a monastery on their route.
When the Caravan stopped there, the monk went out to greet them and he was hospitable although he had never greeted merchants before that. He saw the Prophet and recognized him from the signs. He took him by the hand and said: This is the master of the worlds. Abu Talib said: How do you know this? He said: ‘I saw a cloud shading him and none of you, and when you came over the pass, every stone and tree fell down in prostration, and they prostrate only to a prophet. And I know him by the seal of prophethood below the cartilage of his shoulder, like an apple, and we find him in our books.’
And he asked Abu Talib to take him back to Mecca, fearing that the Jews would harm him.
عندما خرج الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم مع عمه للتجارة إلى الشام، وصلوا إلى منطقة اسمها بصرى، وهي معدودة من الشام، وكان في هذا البلد راهب اسمه: بحيرى الراهب، فلما نزل الركب خرج إليهم، وأكرمهم بالضيافة، وكان لا يخرج إليهم قبل ذلك وعرف رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بصفته، فقال وهو آخذ بيديه: هذا سيد العالمين، فقال أبو طالب: وما علمك بذلك؟ فقال: رأيت غمامة تظله دونكم، وحين أشرفت من العقبة لم يبق حجر ولا شجر إلا خر ساجدا، ولا تسجد إلا لنبي، وإني أعرفه بخاتم النبوة في أسفل غضروف كتفه مثل التفاحة، وإنا نجده في كتبنا، وسأل أبا طالب أن يرده إلى مكة خوفا عليه من اليهود.
1. The Trade Journey to Busra in Syria | رحلة التجارة إلى بصرى الشام في سن الثانية عشرة
Ibn Ishaq reports that Abu Talib set out for al-Sham with a trade caravan and took his nephew with him, and that they stopped at Busra, where a monk named Bahira lived in a cell. At-Tirmidhi records the story from Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) in Jami' at-Tirmidhi (3620) and calls it hasan gharib, known only through this one chain; al-Waqidi gives the Prophet's age as twelve. Ibn Kathir notes that Abu Musa reached Medina only in the year of Khaybar, so he must have heard the story from someone else.
لِإِيلَافِ قُرَيْشٍ إِيلَافِهِمْ رِحْلَةَ الشِّتَاءِ وَالصَّيْفِ (سورة قريش: 1-2)
ذكر ابن إسحاق أن أبا طالب خرج في ركب تاجر إلى الشام ومعه ابن أخيه، فنزلوا بصرى وبها راهب يقال له بحيرى في صومعة له. وروى الترمذي القصة عن أبي موسى الأشعري (3620) وقال: حسن غريب لا نعرفه إلا من هذا الوجه، وجعل الواقدي عمره يومئذ اثنتي عشرة سنة. ونبه ابن كثير إلى أن أبا موسى إنما قدم سنة خيبر، فهو لم يشهدها.
2. Miraculous Signs Attributed to Bahira's Account | العلامات المنسوبة إلى رواية الراهب بحيرا
The signs Bahira named, in at-Tirmidhi's report: a cloud shading the boy, and the shade of a tree leaning over him when he sat down; and when the caravan came over the pass, every stone and tree fell down in prostration. Ibn Kathir remarks that the cloud is not mentioned in any hadith sounder than this one.
العلامات التي ذكرها بحيرى في رواية الترمذي: غمامة تظل الصبي، وميل فيء الشجرة عليه حين جلس، وأنهم حين أشرفوا من العقبة لم يبق شجر ولا حجر إلا خر ساجدًا. وقال ابن كثير: إن الغمامة لم تذكر في حديث أصح من هذا.
3. The Reported Banquet and Inquiries | ما ورد في شأن المأدبة ومساءلة الصبي
According to the narration, Bahira invited the caravan to a banquet and asked for young Muhammad ﷺ to be present. The seerah sources report that the monk questioned him about his sleep, habits, and affairs, looking for descriptions related in earlier traditions.
الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِندَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنجِيلِ يَأْمُرُهُم بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ وَيَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَالْأَغْلَالَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ (سورة الأعراف: 157)
وفق ما ترويه القصة، أعد بحيرا طعاماً للقافلة طالباً حضور الصبي، وتذكر مصادر السيرة أنه سأله عن نومه وأحواله بحثاً عن الصفات المأثورة في الأخبار القديمة.
4. The Reported Observation of the Seal of Prophethood | ما ذكر في الرواية عن خاتم النبوة
The report in at-Tirmidhi and Ibn Hisham states that Bahira inspected the boy's back and looked for the Seal of Prophethood (Khatam an-Nubuwwah) between his shoulder blades, described in the account as a mark like an apple below the cartilage of his shoulder.
الَّذِينَ آتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ يَعْرِفُونَهُ كَمَا يَعْرِفُونَ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ (سورة البقرة: 146)
تفيد الرواية عند الترمذي وابن هشام أن بحيرا نظر إلى ظهر الصبي وتفحص موضع خاتم النبوة بين كتفيه، ووصفته الرواية بأنه مثل التفاحة في أسفل غضروف كتفه.
5. The Reported Counsel to Abu Talib | نصيحة الراهب لأبي طالب كما وردت في الرواية
According to the account in at-Tirmidhi and Ibn Hisham, Bahira advised Abu Talib to return the boy to Mecca and guard him vigilantly, warning that hostile parties might seek to harm him if they recognized the signs reported by the monk.
وَاللَّـهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ (سورة المائدة: 67)
بحسب ما ترويه المصادر عند الترمذي وابن هشام، نصح بحيرا أبا طالب بأن يعود بابن أخيه إلى مكة ويحذر عليه من كيد المتربصين به شراً إذا رأوا منه ما زعم الراهب رؤيته.
Scholarly Insight: Sahih al-Bukhari 3541 records Al-Saib ibn Yazid's firsthand sight of the seal mentioned in the Bahira account: “My maternal aunt took me to the Messenger of Allah and said: Messenger of Allah, my sister's son is ill. He stroked my head and prayed for blessing for me. He performed ablution, and I drank from his ablution water. Then I stood behind his back and looked at a seal between his shoulders.” See the miracles of Prophet Muhammad. Read more in the tafsir of Surah Al-A'raf.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Where did Prophet Muhammad meet the monk Bahira?
According to seerah reports, the encounter took place in the town of Busra in southern Syria during a trade expedition with his uncle Abu Talib.
How old was the Prophet during this encounter?
The reports state that he was approximately twelve years old at the time.
What signs led Bahira to recognize him as the future Prophet?
The narrations mention a shading cloud, trees and rocks prostrating, and the Seal of Prophethood; Ibn Kathir notes that the cloud is not mentioned in any sounder hadith.
What warning did Bahira give to Abu Talib?
According to the account, Bahira urged Abu Talib to return young Muhammad ﷺ to Mecca to protect him from hostile enemies who might recognize him.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →