Surah Al-Hashr (The Gathering or Banishment)

الحشر

24 Verses

In the Name of Almighty Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate
24 آية

بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

Surah Al-Hashr is the 59th chapter of the Quran, containing 24 verses. Revealed in Madinah, it takes its name from the gathering and banishment of a Jewish tribe that broke its covenant with the Muslims. The surah reflects on the lessons of that event, calls believers to piety and to reflect on what they send ahead for the Hereafter, and closes with a magnificent passage on the beautiful names of Allah. Below you can read the full Surah Al-Hashr in Arabic with a clear English translation and a verse-by-verse tafsir (explanation of the meaning) from Aysar al-Tafaseer, with the option to jump to any specific verse.

Tafsir of the Verses

{سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِي ٱلأَرْضِ وَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ}
{ٱلسَّمَاوَاتِ}

(1) – يُخْبِرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى أَنَّ جَمِيعَ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الأَرْضِ مِنْ مَخْلُوقَاتٍ تُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِهِ وَتُمَجِّدُهُ، وَتُنَزِّهُهُ عَنِ العَجْزِ وَالنَّقْصِ. وَيَكُونُ تَسْبِيحُ المَخْلُوقَاتِ لِرَبِّهَا إِمَّا بِاللِّسَانِ أَوْ بِالقَلْبِ أَوْبِدَلاَلَةِ الحَالِ. وَاللهُ تَعَالَى هُوَ العَزِيزُ الذِي لاَ يُقْهَرُ، الحَكِيمُ فِي شَرْعِهِ وَقَضَائِهِ وَتَدْبِيرِهِ.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 1
1. All that is in the heavens and on earth glorify Allah, praise Him and purify Him from inadequacy. The creatures glorify their Lord either in word, in their hearts or in deed. Allah Almighty is All-Powerful, Invincible and Wise in His laws, preordainment and management.
{هُوَ ٱلَّذِيۤ أَخْرَجَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَابِ مِن دِيَارِهِمْ لأَوَّلِ ٱلْحَشْرِ مَا ظَنَنتُمْ أَن يَخْرُجُواْ وَظَنُّوۤاْ أَنَّهُمْ مَّانِعَتُهُمْ حُصُونُهُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ فَأَتَاهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَحْتَسِبُواْ وَقَذَفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ ٱلرُّعْبَ يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِي ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَٱعْتَبِرُواْ يٰأُوْلِي ٱلأَبْصَارِ}
{ٱلْكِتَابِ} {دِيَارِهِمْ} {فَأَتَاهُمُ} {يٰأُوْلِي} {ٱلأَبْصَارِ}

(2) – كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَدْ صَالَحَ يَهُودَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ فِي المَدِينَةِ عَلَى أَنْ لاَ يَكُونُوا عَلَيهِ وَلاَ لَهُ. فَلَمَّا أُصِيبَ المُسْلِمُونَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، أَخَذَ اليَهُودُ فِي الدَّسِّ وَالوَقِيعَةِ، وَالتَّأْلِيب عَلَى المُسْلِمِينَ، وَذَهَبَ زَعِيمُهُمْ كَعْبُ بْنُ الأَشْرَفِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَحَالَفَ قُرَيْشاً وَاسْتَحَثّهَا عَلَى حَرْبِ الرَّسولِ صلى الله عليه وسلم والمُسْلِمِينَ، واسْتِئْصَالِ شَأْفَتِهِم، وَحَاوَلَ يَهُودُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ قَتْلَ الرَّسُولِ بِطَرْحِ حَجَرٍ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ سَطْحِ أَحَدِ المَنَازِلِ، بَيْنَمَا كَانَ الرَّسُولُ يَجْلِسُ فِي ظِلّهِ. فَأَنْجَاهُ اللهُ مِنْ كَيْدِهِمْ، فَأَمَرَ الرَّسُولُ بِقَتْلِ كَعْبِ بْن الأَشْرَفِ فَقَتَلَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسْلِمِينَ – هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ – غِيْلَةً. وَتَأَهَّبَ المُسْلِمُونَ وَسَارُوا لِقِتَالِ بَنِي النَّضِير. فَتَحَصَّنَ بَنُو النَّضيرِ فِي مَوَاقِعِهِمْ، وَاسْتَعَدُّوا لِلْحَرْبِ. وَدَسَّ المُنَافِقُونَ – وَعَلَى رَأْسِهِمْ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أُبَيِّ بْنِ سَلُّولٍ – إِلَى بَنِي النَّضِيرِ – وَكَانَ حَلِيفاً لَهُمْ فِي الجَاهِلِيَّةِ – أَنْ لاَ يَخْرُجُوا مِنْ حُصُونِهِمْ، فَإِنْ قَاتَلَهُم المُسْلِمُونَ فَإِنَّ المُنَافِقِينَ سَيَنْضَمُّونَ إِلَيهِمْ فِي قِتَالِ المُسْلِمِينَ، وَإِنْ أَخْرَجَهُم المُسْلِمُونَ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ سَيَخْرُجُونَ مَعَهُمْ. وَجَاءَ المُسْلِمُونَ فَحَاصَرُوا بَنِي النَّضِيرِ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً، وَقَذَفَ اللهُ الرُّعْبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ، وَيَئِسُوا مِنْ نَصْرِ المُنَافِقِينَ، فَطَلَبُوا الصُّلْحَ، فَأَبَى الرَّسُولُ إِلاَّ جَلاَءَهُمْ عَنِ المَدِينَةِ، عَلَى أَنْ يَحْمِلَ كُلُّ ثَلاَثَةِ أَبْيَاتٍ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ وَاحِدٍ مَا شَاؤُوا مِنْ مَتَاعِهِمْ فَجَلاَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ إِلَى الشَّامِ وَالحِيرَةِ. وَعَمَدَ اليَهُودُ إِلَى بُيُوتِهِمْ فَخَرَّبُوهَا لِكَيْلا يَنْتَفِعَ المُسْلِمُونَ بِهَا، وَعَمَدُوا إِلَى مَا لاَ يَسْتَطِيعُونَ نَقْلَهُ مِنْ أَثَاثِهِمْ فَدَمَّرُوهُ. وَكَانَ نَخْلُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم خَاصَّةً أَعْطَاهُ اللهُ إِيَّاهُ وَخَصَّهُ بِهِ.

وَيَقُصُّ اللهُ تَعَالَى فِي هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ قِصَّةَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، فَيَقُولُ تَعَالَى: إِنَّهُ هُوَ الذِي أَجْلَى بَنِي النَّضِيرِ عَنْ دِيَارِهِمْ، بِعِزَّتِهِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ، وَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ حُشِرُوا فِيهَا وَأُخْرِجُوا مِنَ الجَزِيرَةِ العَرَبِيَّةِ، لَمْ يُصِبْهُمُ الذُّلُّ قَبْلَهَا، وَكَانَ آخِرُ حَشْرٍ لَهُمْ زَمَنَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الخَطَّابِ حِينَ أَجْلاَهُمْ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ إِلَى الشَّامِ. وَكَانَ المُسْلِمُونَ لاَ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّ هَؤُلاَءِ اليَهُودَ يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يُجْلَوا عَنِ المَدِينَةِ لِقُوَّتِهِمْ، وَشِدَّةِ بَأْسِهِمْ وَمَنَعَةِ حُصُونِهِمْ، وَكَثْرَةِ عَدَدِهِمْ وَكَانُوا هُمْ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّ حُصُونَهُمْ سَتَمْنَعُهُمْ وَسَتَحْمِيهِمْ مِنْ أَنْ يُصِيبَهُمْ سُوءٌ مِنْ أَعْدَائِهِمْ، فَاطْمَأَنُّوا إِلَى تِلْكَ القُوَّةِ، وَشَرَعُوا فِي الدَّسِّ وَالكَيْدِ لِلرَّسُولِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَلِلمُسْلِمِينَ، فَجَاءَهُمْ بَأْسُ اللهِ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَتَوَقَّعُوا، وَلَمْ يَخْطُرْ لَهُمْ عَلَى بَالٍ. وَبَأْسُ اللهِ لاَ يُدْفَعُ وَلاَ يُردُّ إِذَا جَاءَ. وَقَدْ قَذَفَ اللهُ الرُّعْبَ فِي قَلُوبِهِمْ فَاسْتَوْلَى عَلَيْهَا الخَوْفُ وَالهَلَعُ حِينَ جَاءَ الرَّسُولُ وَالمُؤْمِنُونَ، فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِيعُوا المُقَاوَمَةَ بَعْدَ قَتْلِ رَئِيسِهِمْ كَعْبِ بْنِ الأَشْرَفِ، وَبَعْدَ أَنْ نَكَلَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أُبَيِّ بْنِ سَلُولٍ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ المُنَافِقينَ عَنْ إِنْجَادِهِمْ، وَمَدِّ يَدِ العَوْنِ إِلَيْهِمْ، كَمَا وَعَدَهُمْ، وَأَخَذُوا، مِنْ شِدَّةِ مَا أَصَابَهُمْ مِنْ هَلَعٍ وَرُعْبٍ، يُخَرِّبُونَ بُيُوتَهُمْ، وَيُدَمِّرُونَ أَثَاثَهُمْ، لِكَيْلاَ يَنْتَفِعَ بِهِ المُسْلِمُونَ، وَكَانَ المُسْلِمُونَ يُدَمِّرُونَ بُيُوتَهُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ خَارِجِهَا لِيَدْخُلُوهَا عَلَيْهِمْ، فَيَصِلُوا إِلَيهِمْ، وَيَتَمَكَّنُوا مِنْ قِتَالِهِمْ، فَاتَّعِظُوا يَا أُوْلِي الأَلْبَابِ وَالبَصَائِرِ بِمَا جَرَى عَلَى هَؤُلاَءِِ، وَالعَاقِلُ مَنِ اتَّعَظَ بِغَيْرِهِ.

الحَشْرُ – إِخْرَاجُ جَمْعٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ مِنْ مَكَانٍ إِلَى مَكَانٍ آخَرَ.

قَذَفَ – أَلْقَى وَأَنْزَلَ إِنْزَالاً شَدِيداً.

الذِينَ كَفَرُوا – هُمْ يَهُودُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِِ.

لأَِوَّلِ الحَشْرِ – فِي أَوَّلِ إِخْرَاجٍ مِنَ الأَرْضِ.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 2
2. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had signed a peace treaty with the Jews of the Bani Nadheer tribe in Medina which stated that they would be neither with him nor against him. But when the Muslims were defeated in the battle of Uhod, the Jews conspired against them. Their leader Ka’ab ibn al-Ashraf went to Makkah and signed an alliance with Quraish, and urged them to fight the Prophet and the Muslims and destroy them. The Jews of Bani Nadheer tried to kill the Prophet (peace be upon him) by throwing a rock down on him from the roof of a house as he was seated under the shade of that house. But Allah saved him, and He commanded him to kill Ka’ab bin al-Ashraf who was assassinated by Mohammad ibn-Maslama, a Muslim. The Muslims prepared themselves to fight Bani Nadheer who took refuge in their forts and made themselves ready for battle. The hypocrites, led by Abdulla ibn Ubai ibn Salloul, conspired with the Jews, for he had been their ally before Islam. He advised them not to abandon their forts and that if the Muslims fought them, the hypocrites would join the Jews to fight against the Muslims, but that if the Muslims expelled the Jews from their houses, they would leave with them. The Muslims besieged Bani Nadheer for twenty one nights and Allah Almighty cast fear into their hearts and they lost hope of the help of the hypocrites. Thus they asked for a truce. The Prophet refused their request and expelled them from the City. Each three were allowed to carry any of their belongings on one camel. Most of them left for Syria and al-Hira. The Jews destroyed their houses so that the Muslims would not benefit from them, and destroyed any furniture that they could not transport. Allah granted the palm trees of Bani Nadheer to the Prophet personally.
In this chapter, Allah Almighty narrates the story of Bani Nadheer. He says that it was He who expelled Bani Nadheer from their homes by His might and power. It was the first time that they were gathered and expelled from the Arabian Peninsula. They had not been humiliated before then. The last time that they were expelled was during the rule of Omar ibn al- Khattab, when he expelled them from Khaibar to Syria. The Muslims did not think that it was possible for the Jews to be expelled from the city due to their large number as well as their strength and strong forts. The Jews thought that their forts would protect them from their enemies and they felt sure of their power. Thus they conspired and plotted against the Prophet and the Muslims. But Allah’s wrath came upon them when they least expected it. When Allah’s wrath comes, it cannot be confronted nor turned away. Allah cast fear into their hearts when the Prophet and the believers attacked them. They were frightened and could not resist after their leader Ka’ab ibn al-Ashraf was killed, and when Abdulla ibn Ubai ibn Salloul and the hypocrites breached their agreement to help them. They were so frightened, that they destroyed their houses and furniture so that the Muslims would not benefit from them. The Muslims also destroyed their houses from the outside, to get inside and fight the Jews. Therefore, take warning, O you people of sound minds and sight, from what happened to them, for a wise man is he who learns from other people’s adversity.
{وَلَوْلاَ أَن كَتَبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْجَلاَءَ لَعَذَّبَهُمْ فِي ٱلدُّنْيَا وَلَهُمْ فِي ٱلآخِرَةِ عَذَابُ ٱلنَّارِ}
(3) – وَلَوْلاَ أَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى قَدَّرَ جَلاَءَهُمْ مِنَ المَدِينَةِ، وَخُرُوجَهُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ عَلَى هَذَا الوَجْهِ المُهِينِ، لَعَذَّبَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا بِمَا هُوَ أَفْظَعُ مِنْهُ كَالقَتْلِ وَالأَسْرِ وَالسَّبْيِ، لأَِنَّ اللهَ كَتَبَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنَّهُ سَيُعَذِّبُهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا مَعَ مَا أَعَدَّ لَهُمْ فِي الآخِرَةِ مِنَ العَذَابِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ.

الجَلاَءُ – الخُرُوجُ مِنَ الدَِّيَارِ بِالأَهْلِ وَالوَلَدِ.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 3
3. If Allah Almighty had not decreed that they be expelled from Medina and their homes in this humiliating manner, He would have punished them more severely on earth (such as killing, imprisonment, or captivity). But Allah has determined that He would punish them in life in addition to the punishment He prepared for them in the fire of Hell.
{ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ شَآقُّواْ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَمَن يُشَآقِّ ٱللَّهَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلْعِقَابِ}
(4) – وَقَدْ كَتَبَ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِم الجَلاَءِ فِي الدُّنْيَا، وَالعَذَابَ فِي الآخِرَةِ، لأَِنَّهُمْ عَادَوا رَسُولَ اللهِ، وَكَادُوا لَهُ وَلِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَلَّبُوا عَلَيْهِم المُشْرِكِينَ، مَعَ أَنَّهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رِسَالَةَ مُحَمَّدٍ صلى الله عليه وسلم حَقٌ. وَمَنْ يُعَادِ اللهَ وَيُحَارِبْهُ فَإِنَّ اللهَ يُعَاقِبُهُ أَشَدَّ العِقَابِ، وَيُنْزِلُ بِهِ الخِزْيَ وَالذِّلَّةَ وَالهَوَانَ فِي الدُّنْيَا، وَيُنْزِلُ بِهِ العَذَابَ الأَلِيمَ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ فِي الآخِرَةِ.

شَاقُّوا – عَادَوا وَعَصَوا وَخَالَفُوا.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 4
4. Allah Almighty prescribed for them an exodus in the life here below and a punishment in the Hereafter because they opposed the Messenger of Allah, plotted against him and the believers, and incited the polytheists against the believers although they knew that the message of Mohammad (peace be upon him) was the truth. He who opposes Allah and wars against Him, Allah will punish him severely and humiliate him on earth, and descend upon him a grievous torment in Hellfire in the Hereafter.
{مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَىٰ أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِيَ ٱلْفَاسِقِينَ}
{قَآئِمَةً} {ٱلْفَاسِقِينَ}

(5) – لَمَّا حَاصَرَ الرَّسُولُ صلى الله عليه وسلم بَنِي النَّضِيرِ فِي حُصُونِهِمْ أَمَرَ بِقَطْعِ نَخْلِهِمْ إِرْعَاباً لَهُمْ، فَبَعَثُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ يَقُولُونَ: إِنَّكَ تَنْهَى عَنِ الفَسَادِ، فَمَا بَالُكَ تَأْمُرُ بِقَطْعِ الأَشْجَارِ؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الآيَةَ وَفِيهَا يَقُولُ تَعَالَى لِرَسُولِهِ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنينَ: إِنَّ مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ أَشْجَارِ النَّخِيلِ، وَمَا تَرَكْتُمُوهُ دُونَ قَطْعٍ فَالجَمِيعُ بِإِذْنِ اللهِ وَقَدَرِهِ وَقَضَائِهِ، وَلاَ بَأْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيهِ وَلاَ حَرَجَ، وَفِيهِ نِكَايَةٌ وَخِزْيٌ وَنكَالٌ لِلفَاسِقِينَ الخَارِجِينَ عَنْ طَاعَةِ اللهِ.

لِينَةٍ – نَخْلَةٍ.

عَلَى أُصُولِهَا – عَلَى سُوقِهَا بِدُونِ قَطْعٍ.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 5
5. When the Prophet besieged Bani Nadheer in their forts, he ordered their palm trees to be cut down in order to frighten them. They sent out to the Prophet and said: “You forbade corruption and yet you cut our trees?” Allah Almighty revealed this verse. In it He says to His Messenger and the believers: “Any trees that you cut down or you leave standing is by Allah’s command and His permission. Therefore there is no blame attached to you for doing that. In it is shame and humiliation to the rebellious transgressors who abandoned Allah’s obedience.”
{وَمَآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَآ أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلاَ رِكَابٍ وَلَـٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَآءُ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ}
(6) – نَزَلَ يَهُودُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ عَلَى حُكْمِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَفَرَضَ عَلَيْهِم الجَلاَءَ، وَتَرْكَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ، إِلاَّ مَا اسْتَطَاعُوا حَمْلَهُ، فَجَعَلَ اللهُ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فَيئاً لِرَسُولِ اللهِ، وَمَغْنَماً خَالِصاً لَهُ، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يُنْفِقُ مِنْهُ عَلَى عِيَالِهِ، ثُمَّ يُنْفِقُ البَاقِي فِي الوُجُوهِ المُقَرَّرَةِ فِي الآيَةِ التَّالِيَةِ.

وَقَدْ جَعَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى لِلمَالِ الذِي يَغْنَمُهُ المُسْلِمُونَ مِنْ غَيرِ قِتَالٍ، وَلاَ مُصَاوَلَةٍ، وَلاَ إِيجَافِ خَيْلٍ وَلاَ رِكَابٍ، نِظَاماً خَاصَّاً، وَلاَ يُقْسَمُ فِي الجَيْشِ كَمَا تُقْسَمُ الغَنَائِمُ، وَفْقاً لِمَا جَاءَ فِي سُورَةِ الأَنْفَالِ.

وَمَعْنَى الآيَةِ: إِنَّ اللهَ أَفَاءَ أَمْوَالَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ دُونَ قِتَالٍ إِذْ قَذَفَ اللهُ الرُّعْبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ فَنَزَلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِ النَّبِيِّ فَقَضَى بِجَلاَئِهِم عَنْ أَرْضِهِمْ.

وَاللهُ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ أَعْدَائِهِ، وَيَقْذِفُ الرُّعْبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ فَيَسْتَسْلِمُونَ لَهُمْ بِدُونِ قِتَالٍ، وَاللهُ قَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ، قَادِرٌ عَلَى أَنْ يَفْعَلَ مَا يَشَاءُ، لاَ يُعْجِزُهُ شَيءٌ.

الفَيءُ – مَا أُخِذَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ الكُفَّارِ بِغَيْرِ قِتَالٍ.

أَوْجَفَ – حَمَلَ الفَارِسُ أَوْ رَاكِبُ البَعِيرِ رَاحِلَتَهُ عَلَى الإِسْرَاعِ.

الرِّكَابُ – مَا يُرْكَبُ مِنَ الإِبلِ – رَاحِلَةٌ.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 6
6. The Jews of Bani Nadheer accepted the verdict of the Prophet, who prescribed for them banishment from the city, leaving their wealth behind except such goods that they could carry. Allah Almighty made of their riches a booty accorded only to His Messenger, who spent some of this money to support his family and the rest he spent as mentioned in the following verse. Allah Almighty designated for any gains accruing without battle, or attack, or wounding of horses or camels a special system, and it is not distributed among the army as are the spoils of war mentioned in chapter 8- Al-Anfal (The Spoils of War). This verse means: Allah made the riches of Bani Nadheer a profit to His Messenger (peace be upon him) without battle, for He cast fear into their hearts, and they surrendered. The Prophet then expelled them from their land. Allah invests His Messengers with power against whom He wills of His enemies, and He casts fear into their hearts, thus causing them to surrender without a fight. Allah is Exalted in power, able to do anything He wills. Nothing incapacitates Him.
{مَّآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْقُرَىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْيَتَامَىٰ وَٱلْمَسَاكِينِ وَٱبْنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ كَيْ لاَ يَكُونَ دُولَةً بَيْنَ ٱلأَغْنِيَآءِ مِنكُمْ وَمَآ آتَاكُمُ ٱلرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَٱنتَهُواْ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلْعِقَابِ}
{ٱلْيَتَامَىٰ} {ٱلْمَسَاكِينِ} {آتَاكُمُ} {نَهَاكُمْ}

(7) – مَا جَعَلَهُ اللهُ فَيئاً لِرَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ الكُفَّارِ مِنْ أَهْلِ القُرَى – كَبَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَخَيْبَرَ وَقُرَيْظَةَ – فَإِنَّهُ يُصْرَفُ فِي وُجُوهِ البِرِّ، وَلاَ يُقْسَمُ فِي الجَيْشِ كَالمَغْنَمِ، فَيُعْطَى لِلرَّسُولِ لِيُعْطَيِ مِنْهُ ذَوِي قُرْبَاهُ (وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يُعْطِي مِنْهُ بَنِي المُطَّلِبِ وَبَنِي هَاشِمِ). وَلِلْيَتَامَى وَالفُقَرَاءِ وَلِلْمَسَاكِينِ مِنْ ذَوِي الحَاجَاتِ، وَلاِبْنِ السَّبِيلِ (وَهُوَ المُسَافِرُ الذِي نَفَدَتْ نَفَقَتُهُ)، وَقَدْ قَضَى اللهُ تَعَالَى بِذَلِكَ لِكَيْلاَ يَأْخُذَهُ الأُغْنِيَاءُ، وَيَتَدَاوَلُوهُ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ، وَيَتَكَاثَرُوا بِهِ، فَلاَ يَصِلُ شَيءٌ مِنْهُ إِلَى الفُقَرَاءِ.

وَمَا جَاءَكُم بِهِ الرَّسُولُ مِنْ أَحْكَامٍ فَتَمَسَّكُوا بِهِ، وَمَا أَعْطَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ مِنَ الفَيءِ فَخُذُوهُ، فَهُوَ حَلاَلٌ لَكُمْ، وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَلاَ تَقْرَبُوهُ، وَاتَّقُوا اللهَ فَامْتَثِلُوا لأَِمْرِهِ، وَاتْرُكُوا مَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ، فَإِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالى شَدِيدُ العِقَابِ لِمَنْ عَصَاهُ وَخَالَفَ أَمْرَهُ.

(وَجَاءَ فِي الحَدِيثِ الشَّرِيفِ: ” لاَ أَلْفَيَنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ مُتَّكِئاً عَلَى أَرِيكَتِهِ يَأْتِيهِ أَمْرٌ مِمَا أَمْرَتُ بِهِ أَوْ نَهَيْتُ عَنْهُ فَيَقُولُ: لاَ أَدْرِي، مَا وَجَدْنَا فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ اتبَعْنَاهُ ” ).

دُوْلَةً بَيْنَ الأَغْنِيَاءِ – مُلْكاً مُتَدَاوَلاً بَيْنَهُمْ خَاصَّةً.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 7
7. The wealth of the unbelievers among the people of the towns of Bani Nadheer, Khaibar, and Kuraiza which Allah Almighty bestowed upon His Messenger, is spent in charity and not divided among the army as the usual booty. This is given to the Prophet (peace be upon him) to distribute among his kin (he would give some to Bani Muttaleb and Bani Hashem), and to orphans, the poor and needy, and to the wayfarer in distress (a traveler who has run out of funds). Allah prescribed this so that the spoils did not go in turn exclusively to the rich to circulate among them thus increasing their wealth and leaving nothing for the poor.
Hold fast to the verdicts that the Messenger brought to you, take what he gave you of the loot for it is lawful, but refrain from what he forbids to you. Fear Allah and obey His orders and refrain from what He forbade. Allah is severe in His punishment of those who disobey His command. The Messenger of Allah said: “Beware of saying one day when, reclining on your couch, you are reminded of an order that I gave or something I forbade: ‘I do not know; we only follow what we found in Allah’s Book.’”
{لِلْفُقَرَآءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُواْ مِن دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلاً مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِضْوَاناً وَيَنصُرُونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُوْلَـٰئِكَ هُمُ ٱلصَّادِقُونَ}
{الْمُهَاجِرِينَ} {دِيَارِهِمْ} {أَمْوَالِهِمْ} {رِضْوَاناً} {أُوْلَـٰئِكَ} {ٱلصَّادِقُونَ}

(8) – يُبَيِّنُ اللهُ تَعَالَى حَالَةَ الفُقَرَاءِ المُسْتَحِقِّينَ لِمَالِ الفَيْءِ فَيَذْكُرُ أَنَّهُم الذِينَ اضْطَرَّهُم كُفَّارُ مَكَّةَ إِلَى الخُرُوجِ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ، وَتَرْكِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ، وَقَدْ فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ طَلَباً لِمَرْضَاةِ اللهِ تَعَالَى، وَابْتِغَاءَ ثَوَابِهِ، وَنُصْرَةً للهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَهَؤُلاَءِ هُمُ الصَّادِقُونَ فِي إِيْمَانِهِمْ، الذِينَ وَفَّقُوا قَوْلَهُمْ مَعَ فِعْلِهِمْ، وَهَؤُلاَءِ هُمُ المُهَاجِرُونَ.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 8
8. Allah Almighty indicates here the state of the poor and needy emigrants who deserve part of the booty. He says they are those whom the unbelievers of Makkah obliged to leave their homes and riches. They did that to gain Allah’s satisfaction and reward and to help Allah and His Messenger. They are indeed sincere in their faith, for they deeds accorded with their words. Those are the emigrants.
{وَٱلَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا ٱلدَّارَ وَٱلإِيمَانَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ يُحِبُّونَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلاَ يَجِدُونَ فِي صُدُورِهِمْ حَاجَةً مِّمَّآ أُوتُواْ وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَىٰ أَنفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُوْلَـٰئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْمُفْلِحُونَ}
{تَبَوَّءُوا} {ٱلإِيمَانَ} {فَأُوْلَـٰئِكَ}

(9) – ثُمَّ أَثْنَى اللهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى الأَنْصَارِ مُبَيِّناً فَضْلَهُمْ وَشَرَفَهُمْ وَكَرَمَهُمْ، حِينَ جَعَلَ اللهُ الفَيءَ لإِخْوَانِهِم المُهَاجِرِينَ دُونَهُمْ، فَقَالَ تَعَالَى: والذِينَ سَكَنُوا دَارَ الهِجْرَةِ قَبْلَ المُهَاجِرِينَ، وَآمَنُوا قَبْلَ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ المُهَاجِرِينَ، يُحِبُّونَ المُهَاجِرِينَ، وَيَتَمَنَّوْنَ لَهُمْ الخَيْرَ، كَمَا يَتَمَنَّوْنَهُ لأَِنْفُسِهِمْ، وَقَدْ أَسْكَنُوا المُهَاجِرينَ فِي دُورِهِمْ، وَأَشْرَكُوهُمْ فِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ بَعْضِ نِسَائِهِ لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ. وَقَدْ فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ وَنُفُوسُهُمْ طَيِّيَةٌ، وَأَعْيُنُهُمْ قَرِيرَةٌ بِمَا يَفْعَلُونَ، لاَ يَجِدُونَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ حَسَداً لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ. وَلاَ ضِيقاً بِهِمْ لِمَا فَضَّلَهُمُ اللهُ بِهِ مِنَ المَنْزِلَةِ والشَّرَفِ وَالتَّقْدِيمِ فِي الذِّكْرِ والرُّتْبَةِ، وَلِمَا خَصَّهُمْ بِهِ مِنْ مَغْنَمِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ دُونَهُمْ.

” رُوِيَ أَنَّ المُهَاجِرِينَ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا رَأَيْنَا مِثْلَ قَوْمٍ قَدِمْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ حُسْنَ مُوَاسَاةٍ فِي قَلِيلٍ، وَلاَ حُسْنَ بَذْلٍ فِي كَثِيرٍ، لَقَدْ كَفَوْنَا المَؤُونَةَ، وَأَشْرَكُونَا فِي المَهْنأ، حَتَّى لَقَدْ خَشِينَا أَنْ يَذْهَبُوا بِالأَجْرِ كُلِّهِ. قَالَ: لاَ. مَا أَثْنَيْتُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَدَعَوْتُمْ لَهُمُ اللهَ “

وَهُمْ يُقَدِّمُونَ أَهْلَ الحَاجَةِ مِنَ المُهَاجِرِينَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ، وَيَبْدَؤُونَ بِالنَّاسِ قَبْلَ أَنْفُسِهِمْ فِي حَالِ احْتِيَاجِهِمْ إِلَى ذَلِكَ.

(وَقَالَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم: ” أَفْضَلُ الصَّدَقَةِ جُهْدُ المُقِلِّ ” ). (البُخَارِيُّ).

وَمَنْ سَلِمَ مِنْ آفَةِ الحِرْصِ عَلَى المَالِ وَالبُخْلِ، فَقَدْ فَازَ وَأَفْلَحَ.

(وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم: ” إِيَّاكُمْ وَالظُّلْمَ فَإِنَّ الظُلْمَ ظُلُمَاتٌ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ، وَاتَّقُوا الشُّحَّ فَإِنَّ الشُحَّ قَدْ أَهْلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ، حَمَلَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ سَفَكُوا دِمَاءَهُمْ، وَاسْتَحَلُّوا مَحَارِمَهُمْ ” ).

التَّبَوُّؤُ – النُّزُولُ فِي المَكَانِ – أَيْ الذِينَ نَزَلُوا المَدِينَةَ.

يُؤَثِرُونَ – يُقَدِّمُونَ وَيُفَضِّلُونَ.

حَاجَةً – حَسَداً أَوْ شُعُوراً بِالضِّيقِ.

خَصَاصَةٌ – فَقْرٌ أَوْ حَاجَةٌ.

الشُّحُّ – حِرْصُ النَّفْس عَلَى المَنْعِ.

أُوتُوا – أَيْ مَا أُعْطِيَ المُهَاجِرُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِمْ.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 9
9. Allah Almighty praises the allies and shows their merit, honour and generosity when Allah gave the plunder to their brothers the emigrants to their exception. He says: Those who lived in the place of exile before the emigrants believed before many of the emigrants did. They liked the emigrants and wished them all well, just as they wished for themselves. They shared their homes and their money with the emigrants. Some even gave up one of their wives so that an immigrant could marry her. They did this in good will and were happy with what they did and were not envious of the emigrants. They found no room for rancour in their hearts for the honour, status and the precedence in rank that Allah allotted to these emigrants and the plunders of Bani Nadheer which He assigned to them alone. (It has been reported that the emigrants said: “O Messenger of Allah! We have not yet seen any people like those allies. We came to them and they gave us good consolation and generous offerings even though they were in need. They provided sufficiently for our sustenance and shared with us their pleasures, and we feared that they would get all the reward.” He said: “No! As long as you praise them and pray Allah for them.”) They put the needs of the poor emigrants before theirs and they provide for others before themselves in case of necessity. The Prophet said: “The best charity is one given by the poor.” (Reported by Al-Buhkari.) Whoever is safe from the disease of greed for money and avarice will prosper. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “Beware of iniquity! It will become the darkness of the Hereafter. Beware of avarice! It destroyed those before you and lead them to shed their blood and to make their illicit lawful.”
{وَٱلَّذِينَ جَآءُوا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا ٱغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلإِخْوَانِنَا ٱلَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِٱلإِيمَانِ وَلاَ تَجْعَلْ فِي قُلُوبِنَا غِلاًّ لِّلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ رَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ}
{جَآءُوا} {لإِخْوَانِنَا} {بِٱلإِيمَانِ} {آمَنُواْ} {رَءُوفٌ}

(10) – وَهَؤُلاَءِ القِسْمُ الثَّالِثُ الذِينَ يَسْتَحِقُّ فُقَرَاءُهُمْ مِنْ مَالِ الفَيءِ، بَعْدَ المُهَاجِرِينَ وَالأَنْصَارِ، وَهُمُ المُتَّبِعُونَ لَهُمْ بِإِحْسَانٍ إِلَى يَوْمِ القِيَامَةِ، وَيَقُولُونَ: رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا، وَاغْفِرْ لإِخْوَانِنَا فِي الدِّينِ الذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالإِيمَانِ، وَلاَ تَجْعَلْ فِي قُلُوبِنَا حَسَداً لِلمُؤْمِنينَ جَمِيعاً، وَلاَ حِقْداً عَلَيْهِمْ، وَأَنْتَ يَا رَبِّ الغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ.

الغِلُّ – الحِقْدُ والحَسَدُ.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 10
10. The third group whose needy deserve part of the plunder after the emigrants and the allies, is made up of those who follow them in good deeds until the Day of Resurrection. They say: “Our Lord, forgive our faults and those of our brothers who preceded us in faith; and do not put in our hearts envy or rancour towards any believer. You our Lord, are ever forgiving, most merciful.”
{أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ نَافَقُواْ يَقُولُونَ لإِخْوَانِهِمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَابِ لَئِنْ أُخْرِجْتُمْ لَنَخْرُجَنَّ مَعَكُمْ وَلاَ نُطِيعُ فيكُمْ أَحَداً أَبَداً وَإِن قُوتِلْتُمْ لَنَنصُرَنَّكُمْ وَٱللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ}
{لإِخْوَانِهِمُ} {ٱلْكِتَابِ} {لَئِنْ} {لَكَاذِبُونَ}

(11) – أَرْسَلَ رَئِيسُ المُنَافِقِينَ عَبدُ اللهِ بْنُ أُبَيِّ بْنِ سَلُولٍ وَعَدَدٌ مِنَ المُنَافِقِينَ مَعَهُ إِلَى يَهُودِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ يَعِدُونَهُمُ النُّصْرَةَ إِنْ قَاتَلهُم المُسْلِمُونَ، والخُرُوجَ مَعَهُمْ مِنْ أَرْضِهِمْ إِنْ أُخْرِجُوا، وَعَدَّ اللهُ المُنَافِقِينَ كَفَرَةً، وَإِخْوَاناً لِلكَافِرِينَ مِنَ اليَهُودِ.. ثُمَّ يُؤَكِّدُ تَعَالَى أَنَّ هَؤُلاَءِ المُنَافِقِينَ لَكَاذِبُونَ فِيمَا يَعِدُونَ بِهِ اليَهُودَ.

المُنَافِقُ – هُوَ الذِي يُظْهِرُ غَيْرَ مَا يُبْطِنُ، وَالذِي يُبَالِغُ فِي إِخْفَاءِ مُعْتَقَدِهِ.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 11
11. The leader of the hypocrites, Abdulla ibn Ubai ibn Salloul, and a number of hypocrites sent out word to the Jews of Bani Nadheer promising them to assist them if they were attacked by the Muslims and to leave the land with them if they were expelled. Allah considers the hypocrites to be non-believers and brothers of the non-believing Jews. He then affirms that those hypocrites are liars regarding the promises they gave the Jews.
{لَئِنْ أُخْرِجُواْ لاَ يَخْرُجُونَ مَعَهُمْ وَلَئِن قُوتِلُواْ لاَ يَنصُرُونَهُمْ وَلَئِن نَّصَرُوهُمْ لَيُوَلُّنَّ ٱلأَدْبَارَ ثُمَّ لاَ يُنصَرُونَ}
{لَئِنْ} {ٱلأَدْبَارَ}

(12) – وَهُمْ كَاذِبُونَ فِيمَا يَقُولُونَ، وَفِيمَا يَعِدُونَ بِهِ اليَهُودَ مِنَ النُّصْرَةِ. وَالخُرُوجِ مَعَهُمْ، لأَِنَّهُمْ لاَ يَخْرُجُونَ مَعَ اليَهُودِ إِذَا أَرَادَ المُسْلِمُونَ إِخْرَاجَهُمْ مِنْ أَرْضِهِمْ، وَلاَ يُقَاتِلُونَ مَعَهُمْ، إِنْ قَاتَلَهُمُ المُسْلِمُونَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ إِذَا قَاتَلُوا مَعَ اليَهُودِ سَيَنْهَزِمُونَ مُتَخَلِّينَ عَنْ بَنِي النَّضيرِ، ثُمَّ لاَ يَنْصُرُ اللهُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 12
12. They are liars in what they say and in their promise to help the Jews and leave with them if they are evacuated, for they would not leave with them if the Muslims expelled the Jews from their land, nor would they fight with them if the Muslims attacked them. But if they had to fight with the Jews, they would be defeated and would flee, leaving the Bani Nadheer behind. Allah will not make the Bani Nadheer victorious.
{لأَنتُمْ أَشَدُّ رَهْبَةً فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لاَّ يَفْقَهُونَ}
(13) – وَيُبَيِّنُ اللهُ تَعَالَى السَّبَبَ فِي عَدَمِ جُرْأَةِ المُنَافِقِينَ عَلَى الانْضِمَامِ إِلَى اليَهُودِ، فِي قِتَالِ المُسْلِمِينَ، فَيُخْبِرُ تَعَالَى: أَنَّ المُسْلِمِينَ أَشَدُّ رَهْبَةً فِي صُدُورِ هَؤُلاَءِ المُنَافِقِينَ مِنَ اللهِ، فَهُمْ يَخَافُونَ بَأْسَ المُسْلِمِينَ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا يَخَافُونَ اللهَ، لأَِنَّهُمْ لاَ يَفْقَهُونَ مِقْدَارَ عَظَمَةِ اللهِ، فَهُمْ لِذَلِكَ يَسْتَخِفُّونَ بِمَعَاصِيهِ، وَلاَ يَرْهَبُونَ عِقَابَهُ، قَدْرَ رَهْبَتِهِم المُسْلِمِينَ وَسَطْوَتِهمْ.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 13
13. Allah Almighty shows the reason why the hypocrites did not dare join the Jews in their battle against the Muslims. He says that the Muslims arouse more awe in the hearts of the hypocrites than Allah, for they fear the Muslims more than Allah, because they do not know the greatness of Allah. They dare to disobey Him and do not fear His punishment as much as they fear the Muslims and their attack.
{لاَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ جَمِيعاً إِلاَّ فِي قُرًى مُّحَصَّنَةٍ أَوْ مِن وَرَآءِ جُدُرٍ بَأْسُهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ شَدِيدٌ تَحْسَبُهُمْ جَمِيعاً وَقُلُوبُهُمْ شَتَّىٰ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لاَّ يَعْقِلُونَ}
{يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ}

(14) – وَيُؤَكِّدُ اللهُ تَعَالَى جُبْنَ اليَهُودِ وَالمُنَافِقِينَ فَيَقُولُ: إِنَّ اللهَ أَلْقَى فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ الرُّعْبَ فَلاَ يُوَاجِهُونَ المُسْلِمِينَ بِقِتَالٍ مُجْتَمِعِينَ، بَلْ يُقَاتِلونَهُمْ فِي قُرًى حَصِينَةٍ، أَوْ مِنْ وَرَاءِ جُدْرَانٍ وَهُمْ مُحَاصَرُونَ، وَعَدَاوَتُهُمْ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ شَدِيدَةٌ. وَإِذَا رَآهُمُ الرَّائِي حَسِبَهُمْ مُتَّفِقِينَ، وَهُمْ فِي الحَقِيقَةِ مُخْتَلِفُونَ إِلَى أَبْعَدِ حُدُودِ الاخْتِلاَفِ لِمَا بَيْنَهُم مِنْ أَحْقَادٍ وَعَدَاوَاتٍ، فَهُمْ لاَ يَتَعَاضَدُونَ، وَلاَ يَتَسَانَدُونَ، وَلاَ يُخْلِصُونَ فِي القِتَالِ، وَقَدْ تَفَرَّقُوا وَاخْتَلَفُوا لأَِنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ الوَحْدَةَ والتَّسَانُدَ المُخْلِصَ هُمَا سِرُّ النَّصْرِ وَالنَّجَاحِ.

بَأْسُهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ – قِتَالُهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ.

قُلُوبُهُمْ شَتَّى – مُتَفَرِّقَةٌ لِتَعَادِيهِمْ.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 14
14. Allah Almighty emphasizes the cowardice of the Jews and hypocrites. He says: Allah Almighty cast fear into their hearts and that is why they do not confront the Muslims all together but fight them from their fortified towns or behind walls, while they are besieged. The hatred among them is great. If one sees them, he would think they were united, but in reality they are much divided because of their rancour and hostility, so they neither help nor support one another. They are not loyal to each other in battle. They dissented and divided because they are a people who do not know that unity and support are the secrets to victory and success.
{كَمَثَلِ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ قَرِيباً ذَاقُواْ وَبَالَ أَمْرِهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ}
(15) – وَمَثَلُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، مَثَلُ يَهُودِ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ، الذِينَ كَانُوا حَوْلَ المَدِينَةِ، فَغَزَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ، وَأَجْلاَهُمْ إِلَى أَذْرِعَاتِ الشَّامِ، فَذَاقُوا سُوءَ عَاقِبَةِ كُفْرِهِمْ وَطُغَيَانِهِمْ.

(وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ وَقْعَةِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ التِي كَانَتْ فِي العَامِ الرَّابعِ لِلْهِجْرَةِ، بَيْنَمَا كَانَتْ وَقْعَةُ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ فِي الشَّهْرِ العِشْرِينَ مِنَ الهِجْرَةِ).

وَبَالَ أَمْرِهِمْ – سُوءَ عَاقِبَةِ كُفْرِهِمْ.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 15
15. The Jews of Bani Nadheer are similar to the Jews of Bani Qainuka’a who lived around Medina. The Messenger of Allah attacked and banished them towards Syria. Thus they met the consequence of their disbelief and tyranny. (This was before the battle of the Bani Nadheer that took place in the fourth year of the Hijra (the emigration of the Messenger from Makkah to Medina), whereas the battle of the Bani Qainuka’a was in the twentieth month of the Hijra.)
{كَمَثَلِ ٱلشَّيْطَانِ إِذْ قَالَ لِلإِنسَانِ ٱكْفُرْ فَلَمَّا كَفَرَ قَالَ إِنِّي بَرِيۤءٌ مِّنكَ إِنِّيۤ أَخَافُ ٱللَّهَ رَبَّ ٱلْعَالَمِينَ}
{ٱلشَّيْطَانِ} {لِلإِنسَانِ} {ٱلْعَالَمِينَ}

(16) – وَمَثَلُ هَؤُلاَءِ المُنَافِقِينَ الذِينَ وَعَدُوا اليَهُودَ بِالنُّصْرَةِ إِنْ قُوتِلُوا وَبِالخُرُوجِ مَعَهُمْ إِنْ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ، كَمَثَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ الذِي غَرَّ الإِنْسَانَ، وَوَعَدَهُ بِالنَّصْرِ عِنْدَ الحَاجَةِ إِلَيهِ، إِذَا أَطَاعَهُ وَكَفَرَ بِاللهِ، فَلَمَّا احْتَاجَ الإِنْسَانُ إِليهِ، وَطَلَبَ مِنْهُ النُّصْرَةَ، تَبَرَّأَ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنْهُ، وَخَذَلَهُ وَتَرَكَهُ لِمَصِيرِهِ، وَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللهَ إِنْ نَصْرْتُكَ أَنْ يُشْرِكَنِي رَبُّ العَالَمِينَ مَعَكَ فِي العَذَابِ.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 16
16. Those hypocrites, who promised the Jews of Bani Nadheer that they would leave with them if they were evacuated from their homes, are like the devil who lures man and promises to help him when he needs him. He only has to obey him and disbelieve in Allah. But when man turns to him for help, he turns away and leaves him. He says: “I fear that if I help you, Allah may make me share your punishment.”
{فَكَانَ عَاقِبَتَهُمَآ أَنَّهُمَا فِي ٱلنَّارِ خَالِدَيْنِ فِيهَا وَذَلِكَ جَزَآءُ ٱلظَّالِمِينَ}
{عَاقِبَتَهُمَآ} {خَالِدِينَ} {جَزَآءُ} {ٱلظَّالِمِينَ}

(17) – فَكَانَ عَاقِبَةَ الأَمْرِ بِالكُفْرِ أَنْ صَارَ الشَّيْطَانُ وَمَنْ أَغْرَاهُ بِالكُفْرِ إِلَى نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ، لِيَبْقَيَا فِيهَا خَالِدَيْنِ أَبَداً، وَذَلِكَ العَذَابُ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ، هُوَ جَزَاءُ كُلِّ مَنْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُ بِالكُفْرِ وَالفُسُوقِ وَالعِصْيَانِ.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 17
17. The consequences of commanding disbelief was Hellfire for both the devil and those he seduced into disbelief. There they will stay forever as a reward for the injustice they did themselves by disbelieving, perversity and disobedience.
{يٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ ٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَلْتَنظُرْ نَفْسٌ مَّا قَدَّمَتْ لِغَدٍ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ}
{يٰأَيُّهَا} {آمَنُواْ}

(18) – يَأْمُرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى المُؤْمِنِينَ بِتَقْوَاهُ، وَذَلِكَ بِأَنْ يَفْعَلُوا مَا أَمَرَهُمْ بِهِ، وَأَنْ يَتْرُكُوا مَا نَهَاهُم عَنْهُ، وَلْيَنْظُرْ كُلُّ وَاحدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَا قَدَّمَ مِنْ عَمَل صَالِحٍ يَنْفَعُهُ فِي آخِرَتِهِ يَوْمَ الحِسَابِ، ثُمَّ يُؤَكِّدُ تَعَالى الأَمْرَ بِتَقْوَاهُ، مُبَيِّناً أَنَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِأْحْوالِ العِبَادِ، جَمِيعِهَا، وَسَيُحَاسِبُهُمْ عَلَيْهَا.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 18
18. Allah Almighty commands those who believe to fear Him and do as He has commanded, and refrain from what He has banned. He also commands every soul to see what good deeds it has advanced which could be of benefit to it in the Hereafter. He then emphasizes His command to man to fear Him. He is well acquainted with all that they do, and He will bring them to account.
{وَلاَ تَكُونُواْ كَٱلَّذِينَ نَسُواْ ٱللَّهَ فَأَنسَاهُمْ أَنفُسَهُمْ أُولَـٰئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْفَاسِقُونَ}
{فَأَنسَاهُمْ} {أُولَـٰئِكَ} {ٱلْفَاسِقُونَ}

(19) – وَلاَ يَكُنْ حَالُكُمْ كَحَالِ قَوْمٍ نَسُوا ذِكْرَ اللهِ فَأَنْسَاهُمُ اللهُ العَمَلَ الصَّالِحَ الذِي يَنْفَعُهُمْ فِي آخِرَتِهِمْ، وَيُنْقِذُ أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَوْمَ الحِسَابِ مِنَ العَذَابِ. وَهَؤُلاَءِ الذِينَ نَسُوا اللهَ وَذكْرَهُ، وَفِعْلَ الخَيْرِ، هُمُ الفَاسِقُونَ الخَارِجُونَ عَنْ طَاعَةِ اللهِ تَعَالَى.

نَسُوا اللهَ – لَمْ يُرَاعُوا أَوَامِرَ اللهِ وَنَوَاهِيَه.

فَأَنْسَاهُمْ أَنْفُسَهُمْ – فَلَمْ يُقَدِّمُوا لَهَا مَا يَنْفَعُهَا.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 19
19. Do not be like the people who, having forgotten to glorify Allah, Allah made them forget to do good deeds which would benefit them in the Hereafter and save them from punishment. Those who forgot Allah, His glorification, and the good deeds are the rebellious transgressors.
{لاَ يَسْتَوِيۤ أَصْحَابُ ٱلنَّارِ وَأَصْحَابُ ٱلْجَنَّةِ أَصْحَابُ ٱلْجَنَّةِ هُمُ ٱلْفَآئِزُونَ}
{أَصْحَابُ} {ٱلْفَآئِزُونَ}

(20) – وَلاَ يَسْتَوِي فِي حُكْمِ اللهِ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ، أَهْلُ النَّارِ وَأَهْلُ الجَنَّةِ، وَأَصْحَابُ الجَنَّةِ هُمُ الفَائِزُونَ بِرِضْوَانِ اللهِ وَجَنَّتِهِ.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 20
20. They are not equal in Allah’s judgment the people of the Fire and the people of Paradise. The people of Paradise are those who will win Allah’s satisfaction and His Paradise.
{لَوْ أَنزَلْنَا هَـٰذَا ٱلْقُرْآنَ عَلَىٰ جَبَلٍ لَّرَأَيْتَهُ خَاشِعاً مُّتَصَدِّعاً مِّنْ خَشْيَةِ ٱللَّهِ وَتِلْكَ ٱلأَمْثَالُ نَضْرِبُهَا لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ}
{ٱلْقُرْآنَ} {خَاشِعاً} {ٱلأَمْثَالُ}

(21) – إِنَّ الجَبَلَ لَوْ فَهِمَ هَذَا القُرْآنَ، وَتَدَبَّرَهُ، لَخَشَعَ وَتَصَدَّعَ مِنْ خَوْفِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَكَيْفَ يَلِيقُ بِالبَشَرِ أَنْ لاَ تَلِينَ قُلُوبُهُمْ، وَلاَ تَخْشَعَ وَتَتَصَدَّعَ مِنْ خَشيَةِ اللهِ وَقَدْ فَهِمُوا مَعَانِيَهُ وَتَدَبَّرُوا مَا فِيهِ؟.

وَيَضْرِبُ اللهُ تَعَالَى الأَمْثَالَ لِلنَّاسِ لِيُقَرِّبَ مَعَانِيَ القُرْآنِ إِلَى أَفْهَامِهِمْ، لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِيهَا وَيَعْتَبِرُونَ.

خَاشِعاً – ذَلِيلاً مُسْتَكِيناً خَاضِعاً.

مُتَصَدِّعاً – مُتَشَقِّقاً.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 21
21. If the mountains understood this Quran, they would be humble and break to pieces for fear of Allah. So how are the human hearts not moved or humbled and burst for fear of Allah after they have understood the Quran and contemplated it? Allah mentions parables to people to make the Quran easier for them to understand perhaps they will reflect and draw lessons from it.
{هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِي لاَ إِلَـٰهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ عَالِمُ ٱلْغَيْبِ وَٱلشَّهَادَةِ هُوَ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ}
{عَالِمُ} {ٱلشَّهَادَةِ}

(22) – يُخْبِرُ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ نَفْسِهِ الكَرِيمَةِ أَنَّهُ هُوَ اللهُ الذِي لاَ إِلهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ، فَلاَ رَبَّ غيرُهُ في الوُجُودِ، وَلاَ مَعْبُودَ سِوَاهُ، وَأَنَّهُ عَالِمٌ بِجَمِيعِ الكَائِنَاتِ المُشَاهَدَاتِ لَنَا، وَالغَائِبَاتِ عَنَّا، فَلاَ يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ شَيءٌ فِي الأَرْضِ وَلاَ فِي السَّمَاءِ، وَأَنَّهُ ذُو الرَّحْمَةِ الوَاسِعَةِ الشَّامِلَةِ لِجَمِيعِ خَلْقِهِ فَهُوَ رَحْمنُ الدُّنْيَا وَالآخِرَةِ وَرَحِيمُهُمَا.

الغَيْبُ – مَا غَابَ عَنِ الحِسِّ.

الشَّهَادَة – مَا حَضَرَ مِنَ الأَشْيَاءِ المُشَاهَدَةِ.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 22
22. Allah Almighty speaks about His noble self and says that He is Allah the One and Only. There is no other Lord in this existence but He, and no other to be worshipped but He. He has knowledge about all the creatures that we see and that we do not see. Nothing escapes Him neither on earth nor in heaven. He is All-Merciful to all His Creatures both on earth and in heaven.
{هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِي لاَ إِلَـٰهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ ٱلْمَلِكُ ٱلْقُدُّوسُ ٱلسَّلاَمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ ٱلْمُهَيْمِنُ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْجَبَّارُ ٱلْمُتَكَبِّرُ سُبْحَانَ ٱللَّهِ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ}
{ٱلسَّلاَمُ} {سُبْحَانَ}

(23) – هُوَ اللهُ المَالِكُ لِجَمِيعِ مَا فِي الوُجُودِ، المُتَصَرِّفُ فِيهِ تَصَرُّفاً مُطْلَقاً، وَالمُنَزَّهُ عَنْ كُلِّ عَيْبٍ وَنَقْصٍ، الذِي أَمَّنَ خَلْقَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَظْلِمَهُمْ، وَهُوَ الرَّقِيبُ عَلَيْهِم الذِي قَهَرَ كُلَّ شَيءٍ، وَغََلَبَهُ لِعَظَمَتِهِ وَجَبَرُوتِهِ، فَلاَ تَلِيقُ الكِبْرِيَاءُ إِلاَّ لَهُ، تَنَزَّهَ اسْمُهُ عَمَّا يَقُولُهُ المُشْرِكُونَ مِنَ الصَّاحِبَةِ وَالوَلَدِ وَالشَّرِيكِ فَهُوَ الوَاحِدُ الأَحَدُ الفَرْدُ الصَّمَدُ.

المَلِكُ – المَالِكُ لِكُلِّ شَيءٍ.

القُدُّوسُ – المُنَزَّهُ عَنٍ النُّقْصَانِ.

المُؤْمِنُ – الوَاهِبُ الأَمْنَ – أَوِ المُصَدِّقُ لِرُسُلِهِ بِالمُعْجِزَاتِ.

المُتَكَبِّرُ – البَلِيغُ الكِبْرَيَاءِ وَالعَظَمَةِ.

المُهَيْمِنُ – الرَّقِيبُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيءٍ.

العَزِيزُ – القَوِيُّ الغَالِبُ.

الجَبَّارُ – القَهَّارُ أَوِ العَظِيمُ.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 23
23. He is Allah, the Sovereign and Master of all that is in this existence. He disposes of all affairs, and is purified from all imperfections, Who assures His creatures of His justice towards them by observing them. He is the Invincible Who has conquered all things by His grandeur and might. Pride suits none but He. He is purified of companion and child both of which the polytheists ascribe to Him. He is the One and Only, the Eternal and Absolute.
{هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْخَالِقُ ٱلْبَارِىءُ ٱلْمُصَوِّرُ لَهُ ٱلأَسْمَآءُ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلأَرْضِ وَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ}
{ٱلْخَالِقُ} {ٱلسَّمَاوَاتِ}

(24) – وَهُوَ تَعَالَى خَالِقُ جَمِيعِ مَا فِي الوُجُودِ، وَمُصَوِّرُهَا، وَمُبرْزُهَا فِي الصُّورَةِ التِي هِيَ عَلَيْهَا، وَلَهُ الصِّفَاتُ الحُسْنَى التِي وَصَفَ بهَا نَفْسَهُ لاَ يَشْرَكُهُ فِيهَا أَحَدٌ سِوَاهُ؛ وَيُنَزِّهُ اسْمَ اللهِ جَمِيعُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ مِنْ مَخْلُوقَاتٍ، وَهُوَ العَزِيزُ الذِي لاَ يُقْهَرُ وَقَدْ قَهَرَ كُلَّ شَيءٍ وَغَلَبَهُ، وَهُوَ الحَكِيمُ فِي شَرْعِهِ وَقَضَائِهِ وَتَدْبِيرِهِ.

الأَسْمَاءُ الحُسْنَى – الدَّالَّةُ عَلَى مَحَاسِنِ المَعَانِي.

المُصَوِّرُ – خَالِقُ الصُّوَرِ.
Surah Al-Hashr: Verse 24
24. Allah Almighty is the creator of all that is in this existence. He fashioned the whole creation in its present form. To Him belong the most beautiful attributes by which He describes Himself. No one can share these attributes with Him. All the creatures in the heavens and on the earth glorify His name. He is Exalted in might. No one can overpower Him. He is wise in all His laws, judgement and management.
Source: This series of Tafsir books has been made available online by the family of Dr. Assaad Homad (may Allah have mercy on him). These volumes were entirely digitized to provide an accessible and easy format for todays digital age. Please keep Dr. Assaad and his family in your sincere prayers.
تم إتاحة هذه السلسلة من كتب التفسير عبر الإنترنت من قبل عائلة الدكتور أسعد حومد (رحمه الله). لقد قمنا برقمنة هذه المجلدات بالكامل لتوفير تنسيق يسهل الوصول إليه واستخدامه في عصرنا الرقمي الحالي. نرجو منكم ألا تنسوا الدكتور أسعد وعائلته من صالح دعائكم.