Surah Al-Fil (The Elephant)

الفيل

5 Verses

In the Name of Almighty Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate
5 آية

بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

Surah Al-Fil is the 105th chapter of the Quran, containing 5 verses. Revealed in Makkah, it recounts the story of the Year of the Elephant, when Abraha, the Christian ruler of Yemen, marched on Makkah with a great army led by a mighty elephant, intending to destroy the Kaaba. As his army approached, Allah sent flights of birds that pelted them with stones of hard baked clay, destroying the invaders and leaving them like devoured, scattered straw. The surah opens by asking the Prophet whether he has not seen what his Lord did to the people of the elephant, affirming that their scheme was brought to nothing. Below you can read the full Surah Al-Fil in Arabic with a clear English translation and a verse-by-verse tafsir (explanation of the meaning) from Aysar al-Tafaseer, with the option to jump to any specific verse.

Tafsir of the Verses

{ أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِأَصْحَابِ ٱلْفِيلِ }
{ بِأَصْحَابِ }

(1) – قِصَّةُ الفِيلِ هِيَ أَنَّ الحَبَشَةَ احْتَلَّتِ اليَمَنَ فَتْرَةً مِنَ الزَّمَنِ، وَكَانَ الحَبَشَةُ مِنَ النَّصَارَى، وَلَمَّا رَأَى حَاكِمُ اليَمَنِ الحَبَشِيُّ (وَاسْمُهُ أَبْرَهَةُ) تَعَلُّقَ العَرَبِ بِالكَعْبَةِ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَصْرِفَهُمْ عَنْهَا. فَبَنَى كَنِيسَةً عَظِيمَةً، وَدَعَا العَرَبَ إِلَى الحَجِّ إِلَيهَا وَزِيَارَتِهَا، بَدَلاً مِنْ زِيَارَةِ الكَعْبَةِ. فَكَرِهَ العَرَبُ ذََلِكَ، وَدَخَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ البِنَاءَ وَأَحْدَثَ فِيهِ. وَقِيلَ إِنَّ بَعْضَهُمْ حَاوَلَ إِحْرَاقَهُ. فَأَقْسَمَ أَبْرَهَةُ عَلَى أَنْ يَهْدِمَ الكَعْبَةَ رَداً عَلَى هَذِهِ الإِسَاءَةِ. وَسَارَ بِجَيْشٍ عَظِيمٍ يَتَقَدَّمُهُ فِيلٌ عَظِيمٌ.

وَأَرَادَتْ بَعْضُ القَبَائِِلِ العَرَبِيةِ أَنْ تَعْتَرِضَ سَبِيلَهُ، وَتَصُدَّهُ عَنِ الحَرَمِ فَقَاتَلُوهُ، وَلَكِنَّهُ تَغَلَّبَ عَلَيْهِمْ. وَلَمَّا وَصَلَ الجَيْشُ إِلَى مَكَانٍ يُعْرَفُ (بِالمغمَّسِ) مِنْ أَطْرَافِ مَكَّةَ تَوَقَّفَ الفِيلُ عَنِ السَّيْرِ بِاتِّجَاهِ مَكَّةَ وَبَرَكَ. فَحَاوَلُوا سَوْقَهُ فَلَمْ يَسْتَجِبْ. وَكَانُوا كُلَّمَا وَجَّهُوهُ وُجْهَةً غَيْرَ مَكَّةَ سَارَ إِلَيْهَا وَلَكِنَّهُمْ حِينَمَا كَانُوا يُوَجِّهُونَهُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ كَانَ يَبْرُكُ، وَيَرْفُضُ السَّيْرَ.

وَفِي هَذِهِ الأَثْنَاءِ أَرْسَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى الأَحْبَاشِ مَجْمُوعَاتٍ كَبِيرَةً مِنَ الطَّيْرِ، كَانَتْ تُهَاجِمُهُمْ عَلَى دُفَعَاتٍ مُتَتَالِيَةٍ (أَبَابِيل)، وَتَقْذِفُهُمْ بِحِجَارَةٍ صَغِيرَةٍ كَانَتْ تَحْمِلُهَا، فَيَهْلِكُ مَنْ تُصِيبُهُ.

وَلَمَّا رَأَى أَبْرَهَةُ ذَلِكَ رَجَعَ بِمَنْ تَبَقَّى مَعَهُ مِنَ الجَيْشِ سَالِماً، بَعْدَ أَنْ وَقَعَتْ فِي الأَحْبَاشِ إِصَابَاتٌ جَسِيمَةٌ.

وَيُقَالُ إِنَّ أَبْرَهَةَ نَفْسَهُ هَلَكَ وَهُوَ فِي طَرِيقِ العَوْدَةِ إِلَى اليَمَنِ.

(وَيُرِيدُ بَعْضُ الأَئِمَّةِ المُفْسِّرِينَ صَرْفَ مَعْنَى الطَّيْرِ الأَبَابِيلِ إِلَى أَشْيَاءَ أُخْرَى كَالجُدَرِي وَالأَمْرَاضِ الأُخْرَى التِي سَلَّطَهَا اللهُ عَلَى جَيْشِ أَبْرَهَةَ، اسْتِبْعَاداً مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ اللهُ تَعَالَى قَدْ سَخَّرَ طَيْراً تَرْمِي جَيْشَ الأَحْبَاشِ حَقِيقَةً وَفِعْلاً. وَلَكِنْ حِينَمَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الآيَةَ الكَرِيمَةَ كَانَ كَثِيرُونَ مِنْ كُفَّارِ قُرَيشٍ، مِمَّنْ شَهِدُوا حَادِثَ الفِيلِ، أَحْيَاءً، وَقَدْ رَأوا بِأَعْيُنِهِم الطَّيْرَ تَرُوحُ وَتَغْدُو فَوْقَ جَيْشِ أَبْرَهَةَ، وَلَوْ كَانَ مَا أَصَابَ جَيْشَ أَبْرَهَةَ لاَ يَعْدُو أَمْرَاضاً سَلَّطَهَا اللهُ عَلَى الأَحْبَاشِ، لَكَذَّبَ هَؤُلاَءِ المُشْرِكُونَ رَسُولَ اللهِ، وَلاتَّخَذُوا هَذِهِ السُّورَةَ وَسِيلَةً للتَّكْذِيبِ وَالنَّيْلِ مِنَ الرَّسُولِ).

وَيَقُصُ اللهُ تَعَالَى فِي هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قِصَّةَ أَصْحَابِ الفِيلِ.

فَقَالَ تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ: أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ مَا أَنْزَلَهُ اللهُ بِأَصْحَابِ الفِيلِ الذِينَ قَصَدُوا الاعْتِدَاءَ عَلَى بَيْتِ اللهِ الحَرَامِ؟.

أَصْحَابُ الفِيلِ – الأَحْبَاشُ مِنْ جَمَاعَةِ أَبْرَهَةَ الذِي أَرَادَ هَدمَ الكَعْبَةِ.
Surah Al-Fil: Verse 1
1. The story of the elephant is as follows: Ethiopia (Abyssinia) occupied Yemen for a period of time. The Ethiopians were a Christian people; thus, when the Ethiopian ruler of Yemen (by the name of Abraha) saw the attachment of the Arabs to the Ka’ba, he wanted to turn them away from it. He therefore built a great church and invited them to visit it in pilgrimage instead of the Ka’ba. But the Arabs did not like this; they went into the building and desecrated it by emptying their bowels there. It is said that some even tried to burn down the church. Abraha thus swore to destroy the Ka’ba in retaliation for this insult, and he marched with a large army led by a mighty elephant towards Makkah. Some Arab tribes tried to impede him and turn him back from the holy place, so they fought him but were defeated. When the army came to a place known as Maghmas on the outskirts of Makkah, the elephant stopped his progress toward Makkah and knelt down. In spite of repeated attempts to move him, the elephant did not respond. Every time he was turned to face another direction than that of Makkah, he would move forward; but when they turned him in the direction of Makkah, he would kneel down and refuse to go on. In the meantime, Allah Almighty had sent large flights of birds to attack the Ethiopians. They would launch successive assaults on them by hurling stones at them that they carried. Those who were hit by these stones were instantly killed. When Abraha saw the severe injuries that the Ethiopians had sustained, he turned back with the uninjured remainder of his army. It was said that Abraha himself was killed on his return trip to Yemen. (Some learned commentators are doubtful as to Allah’s having truly sent birds to pelt the Ethiopians with stones. They have read in this verse a symbolic meaning. They explain the ababeel birds as smallpox, or other diseases that Allah Almighty set upon Abraha’s army. But when Allah Almighty revealed this verse, many of the unbelievers of Quraish who had witnessed the incident of the elephant, were still alive, and they had seen with their own eyes the birds flying back and forth over Abraha’s army. And if Abraha’s army had only been set upon by disease, those polytheists would have treated the Messenger of Allah as a liar, and they would have used this chapter to prove that he was indeed a liar and would thus have had their revenge on him.
In this chapter Allah Almighty tells His Prophet (peace be upon him) the story of the people of the elephant. He says: “Do you not know what Allah brought down upon the people of the elephant who wanted to attack the holy shrine?”
{ أَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ كَيْدَهُمْ فِي تَضْلِيلٍ }
(2) – لَقَدْ أَفْسَدَ اللهُ تَعَالَى تَدْبِيرَهُمْ، وَخَيِّبَ سَعْيَهُمْ فِي إِخْرَابِ بَيْتِ اللهِ الحَرَامِ، وَعَلَى كُفَّارِ قُرَيْشِ أَنْ يُقَدِّرُوا فَضْلَ اللهِ هَذَا عَلَيْهِمْ وَمِنَّتَهُ، فَقَدْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ لأَِجْلِهِمْ.

كَيْدَهُمْ – تَدْبِيرَهُمْ وَسَعْيَهُمْ.

تَضْلِيلٍ – إِبْطَالٍ وَإِخْسَارٍ.
Surah Al-Fil: Verse 2
2. Allah Almighty thwarted their plans and frustrated their efforts to destroy the House of Allah. The unbelievers of Quraish should appreciate Allah’s kindness to them and His favour; for He did that for their own sake.
{ وَأَرْسَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ طَيْراً أَبَابِيلَ }
(3) – فَقَدْ أَرْسَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِمْ مَجْمُوعَاتٍ مِنَ الطَّيْرِ كَانَتْ تَأْتِيهِمْ جَمَاعَاتٍ مُتَفَرِّقَةً وَمُتَتَابِعَةً.

أَبَابِيلَ – جَمَاعَاتٍ مُتَفَرِّقَةً وَمُتَتَابِعَةُ.
Surah Al-Fil: Verse 3
3. Allah Almighty sent flights of birds to attack them in successive groups.
{ تَرْمِيهِم بِحِجَارَةٍ مِّن سِجِّيلٍ }
(4) – وَتَقْذِفُهُمْ بِحِجَارَةٍ مِنْ طِينٍ يَابِسٍ كَالآجُرِّ المُتَحَجِّرِ.

سِجِّيلٍ – آجُرّ أَوْ طِينٍ يَابِسٍ.
Surah Al-Fil: Verse 4
4. They threw down on them stones of hard clay like baked bricks.
{ فَجَعَلَهُمْ كَعَصْفٍ مَّأْكُولٍ }
(5) – فَأَهْلَكَهُمْ، وَتَبَعْثَرَتْ جُثَثُهُمْ فِي الدُّرُوبِ وَالمَسَالِكِ، فَكَانُوا كَيَابِسِ الزَّرْعِ الذِي أَكَلَتِ البَهَائِمُ بَعْضَهُ، وَتَنَاثَرَ بَعْضُهُ الآخَرُ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَسْنَانِهَا.

العَصْفُ – هُوَ التِّبْنُ النَّاعِمُ – هَشِيمُ الزَّرْعِ وَالنَّبَاتِ.

مَأْكُولٍ – أَكَلَتْهُ البَهَائِمُ فَتَنَاثَرَ.
Surah Al-Fil: Verse 5
5. Thus, He destroyed them, and their bodies were scattered in paths and lanes. Their remains were like dry plants that beasts had chewed: some had been eaten, and some had been scattered from between their teeth.
Source: This series of Tafsir books has been made available online by the family of Dr. Assaad Homad (may Allah have mercy on him). These volumes were entirely digitized to provide an accessible and easy format for todays digital age. Please keep Dr. Assaad and his family in your sincere prayers.
تم إتاحة هذه السلسلة من كتب التفسير عبر الإنترنت من قبل عائلة الدكتور أسعد حومد (رحمه الله). لقد قمنا برقمنة هذه المجلدات بالكامل لتوفير تنسيق يسهل الوصول إليه واستخدامه في عصرنا الرقمي الحالي. نرجو منكم ألا تنسوا الدكتور أسعد وعائلته من صالح دعائكم.