Who Was Both the Wife of a Prophet and the Daughter of a Prophet?
من المرأة التي كانت زوجة نبي وابنة نبي؟
The daughter of Shu'aib and the wife of Prophet Musa (Moses).
هي ابنة شعيب وزوجة موسى عليهما السلام.
1. How They Met at the Well of Midian | اللقاء عند ماء مدين
Musa arrived in Midian as a fugitive after leaving Egypt, and found a group of shepherds watering their flocks at a well, with two women holding back, waiting for the crowd to clear. He watered their flock for them, then withdrew to the shade and prayed for Allah's provision. One of the two women, Shu'aib's daughter, was sent by her father to bring Musa to their home.
وصل موسى عليه السلام إلى مدين فارًّا بعد خروجه من مصر، فوجد عند الماء جماعة من الرعاة يسقون، ووجد امرأتين تذودان غنمهما تنتظران أن يصدر الرعاء، فسقى لهما، ثم تولّى إلى الظل ودعا ربه أن يرزقه. فأرسل أبوهما إحداهما، وهي ابنة شعيب، تدعوه إلى بيتهم.
2. Shu'aib's Proposal | عرض شعيب
Shu'aib then offered Musa marriage to one of his daughters directly: "I wish to marry one of these two daughters of mine to you, provided that you stay in my service for eight years. If you complete ten, it will be a favour from you, but I do not wish to make it difficult for you. Allah willing, you will find me an agreeable man" (Surah Al-Qasas 28:27). Musa accepted, and this marriage is how Shu'aib's daughter became both a Prophet's daughter and a Prophet's wife. The Quran itself calls her father only "a very old man" (28:23). That he was Prophet Shu'aib is the well-known view among many scholars, held by al-Hasan al-Basri and others; Ibn Kathir also records that others said he was Shu'aib's nephew or a believing man of Shu'aib's people, and he quotes al-Tabari's verdict that this cannot be known without a sound report.
قَالَ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُنكِحَكَ إِحْدَى ابْنَتَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ عَلَىٰ أَن تَأْجُرَنِي ثَمَانِيَ حِجَجٍ ۖ فَإِنْ أَتْمَمْتَ عَشْرًا فَمِنْ عِندِكَ ۖ وَمَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَشُقَّ عَلَيْكَ ۚ سَتَجِدُنِي إِن شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ (سورة القصص: 27)
ثم عرض عليه شعيب أن يزوّجه إحدى ابنتيه: (إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُنكِحَكَ إِحْدَى ابْنَتَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ عَلَىٰ أَن تَأْجُرَنِي ثَمَانِيَ حِجَجٍ ۖ فَإِنْ أَتْمَمْتَ عَشْرًا فَمِنْ عِندِكَ ۖ وَمَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَشُقَّ عَلَيْكَ ۚ سَتَجِدُنِي إِن شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ) (القصص 28: 27). فقبل موسى، وبهذا الزواج صارت ابنة شعيب ابنة نبي وزوجة نبي. ولم يسمِّ القرآن أباها، بل وصفه بأنه (شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ) (القصص 28: 23)، والمشهور عند كثير من العلماء أنه شعيب عليه السلام، وهو قول الحسن البصري وغير واحد، وذكر ابن كثير أن آخرين قالوا: كان ابن أخي شعيب، وقيل: رجل مؤمن من قوم شعيب، ونقل قول ابن جرير الطبري: الصواب أن هذا لا يدرك إلا بخبر، ولا خبر تجب به الحجة في ذلك.
3. A Household That Shaped a Prophet's Mission | سنوات مدين قبل الرسالة
Musa spent years in Shu'aib's household before Allah called him to Prophethood at the blessed tree on his journey back toward Egypt. The years of quiet service in Midian, described in Surah Al-Qasas, came directly before the moment his mission as a Messenger began, tying his family life to Shu'aib directly into the larger story of his calling.
ومكث موسى عليه السلام سنين في بيت شعيب، ثم ناداه ربه عند الشجرة في البقعة المباركة وهو في طريق عودته نحو مصر. فسبقت سنواتُ الخدمة الهادئة في مدين، التي قصّها الله تعالى في سورة القصص، بدءَ رسالته مباشرة، فاتصلت حياته الأسرية في بيت شعيب بقصة رسالته.
Scholarly Insight: Al-Sa'di, on the woman's recommendation concerning Musa (28:26): “She said that because she had witnessed Musa's strength and energy when he watered for them, and so recognized his strength. She had also witnessed his trustworthiness and devotion, and that he had shown them mercy in a situation where he could expect no benefit from them; his purpose was only to seek Allah's pleasure.” See Musa's arrival and new life in Midian. Read the fuller narrative in the tafsir of Surah Al-Qasas.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Who was both a Prophet's daughter and a Prophet's wife?
On the well-known view among scholars, the daughter of Prophet Shu'aib, who became the wife of Prophet Musa; the Quran itself does not name her father.
How did Musa and Shu'aib's daughter meet?
Musa helped her and her sister water their flock at a well in Midian, and she was later sent by her father to bring him to their home.
What did Shu'aib ask of Musa in return for marriage?
Eight years of service, extendable to ten voluntarily, as stated in Surah Al-Qasas 28:27.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →