Who Killed Goliath (Jalut)?
من قتل جالوت؟
Dawoud (David) PBUH.
(So they defeated them by Allah’s Will, and David killed Goliath. And Allah blessed David with kingship and wisdom and taught him what He willed. Had Allah not repelled a group of people by ˹the might of˺ another, corruption would have dominated the earth, but Allah is Gracious to all.) Al-Baqarah 2:251
Note: The quoted verse, which tells how Dawud killed Jalut, is Al-Baqarah 2:251; the reference in the original answer, 2:249, has been corrected.
داود عليه السلام
(فَهَزَمُوهُمْ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَقَتَلَ دَاوُدُ جَالُوتَ وَآتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَعَلَّمَهُ مِمَّا يَشَاءُ وَلَوْلاَ دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَفَسَدَتِ الأَرْضُ وَلَـٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ) (البقرة 2: 251)
ملاحظة: الآية المذكورة (وَقَتَلَ دَاوُدُ جَالُوتَ) هي البقرة 2: 251، وكانت الإحالة في الجواب الأصلي إلى الآية التاسعة والأربعين بعد المئتين، فصححت.
1. A Fighter Among the Remnant | مقاتل بين البقية الباقية
Dawud was among the small remaining force that had passed the river test and stood ready to face Jalut and his army, not a separate figure introduced only at the moment of the killing. His role in ending the battle grew directly out of being counted among the few who had already proven themselves at the river.
كان داود من بين البقية القليلة التي اجتازت اختبار النهر ووقفت مستعدة لمواجهة جالوت وجيشه، لا شخصية منفصلة قُدمت فقط عند لحظة القتل. ونما دوره في إنهاء المعركة مباشرة من كونه معدودا بين القلة الذين أثبتوا أنفسهم بالفعل عند النهر.
2. Victory Credited to Allah Before the Individual Act | النصر نُسب إلى الله قبل الفعل الفردي
The Ayah’s order matters: it states first that they, the whole remaining army, defeated Jalut’s forces by Allah’s permission, and only then mentions that Dawud killed Jalut specifically. Placing the collective victory before the individual act frames Dawud’s role within Allah’s support for the whole army, rather than as a lone hero’s feat separate from it.
لترتيب الآية أهميته: فهي تنص أولا على أنهم، أي الجيش المتبقي بأكمله، هزموا قوات جالوت بإذن الله، ثم تذكر بعد ذلك فقط أن داود قتل جالوت تحديدا. ووضع النصر الجماعي قبل الفعل الفردي يضع دور داود ضمن نصرة الله للجيش بأكمله، لا كإنجاز بطل منفرد منفصل عنه.
3. Kingship and Wisdom Followed, Not Preceded | الملك والحكمة أعقبا لا سبقا
Allah’s gift of kingship, wisdom, and knowledge to Dawud is recorded immediately after this event, not before it. This sequencing connects directly to the special gifts Allah gave Dawud and to how Allah tested him in judging between people. Ibn Kathir explains that the kingship that had been in Saul’s hands passed to Dawud, and that wisdom here means prophethood, which came to him after Shamwil (Samuel).
يُسجَّل عطاء الله لداود الملك والحكمة والعلم مباشرة بعد هذا الحدث، لا قبله. ويرتبط هذا الترتيب مباشرة بالهبات الخاصة التي أعطاها الله لداود وبكيفية اختبار الله له في القضاء بين الناس. ويبين ابن كثير أن الملك الذي كان بيد طالوت آل إلى داود، وأن الحكمة هنا هي النبوة بعد شمويل.
4. Allah Repels Some People by Means of Others | دفع الله الناس بعضهم ببعض
The verse closes with a principle reaching well beyond this one battle: had Allah not repelled some people by means of others, corruption would have dominated the earth. Ibn Kathir explains that had Allah not defended one people by means of others, as He defended the Children of Israel through Saul’s fighting and Dawud’s courage, they would have perished, and he cites 22:40. Al-Sa’di adds that through those who fight in His cause Allah repels the scheming of the wicked and the onslaught of the disbelievers, who would otherwise take over the earth and corrupt it.
تختتم الآية بمبدأ يتجاوز هذه المعركة الواحدة كثيرا: فلولا دفع الله الناس بعضهم ببعض لفسدت الأرض. ويبين ابن كثير أنه لولا أن الله يدفع عن قوم بآخرين، كما دفع عن بني إسرائيل بمقاتلة طالوت وشجاعة داود، لهلكوا، ويستشهد بآية الحج 40. ويضيف السعدي أن الله يدفع بمن يقاتل في سبيله كيد الفجار وتكالب الكفار، ولولا ذلك لفسدت الأرض باستيلاء الكفار عليها.
Scholarly Insight: Ibn Kathir explicitly attributes this account of Jalut’s death to Israelite narratives (2:251): “They mention in the Israelite narratives that he killed him with a sling in his hand: he hurled a shot at him, which struck and killed him. Talut had promised that, if he killed Jalut, he would marry his daughter to him, share his prosperity with him, and give him a share in his authority; he fulfilled his promise.” See the identity of Jalut, Dawoud’s opponent. Read the fuller context in the tafsir of Surah Al-Baqarah.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Who killed Goliath (Jalut)?
Dawud (David), peace be upon him, as recorded in Surah Al-Baqarah 2:251.
What did Allah give Dawud after this event?
Kingship, wisdom, and knowledge of what He willed.
Was the victory credited to Dawud alone?
No, the Ayah first credits the defeat of Jalut’s army to Allah’s permission for the whole remaining force, then mentions Dawud’s individual act.
What broader principle does the verse state at its close?
That had Allah not repelled some people by means of others, corruption would have dominated the earth.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →