Who Killed Goliath (Jalut)?
مَن الذي قتل جالوت؟
Dawoud (David) PBUH.
(So they defeated them by Allah’s Will, and David killed Goliath. And Allah blessed David with kingship and wisdom and taught him what He willed. Had Allah not repelled a group of people by ˹the might of˺ another, corruption would have dominated the earth, but Allah is Gracious to all.) Al-Baqarah 2:251
Note: The quoted verse, which tells how Dawud killed Jalut, is Al-Baqarah 2:251; the reference in the original answer, 2:249, has been corrected.
داود عليه السلام
قال الله تعالى: (فَهَزَمُوهُمْ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَقَتَلَ دَاوُدُ جَالُوتَ وَآتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَعَلَّمَهُ مِمَّا يَشَاءُ وَلَوْلاَ دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَفَسَدَتِ الأَرْضُ وَلَـٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ) (البقرة 2: 251)
ملاحظة: الآية المذكورة (وَقَتَلَ دَاوُدُ جَالُوتَ) هي البقرة 2: 251، وكانت الإحالة في الجواب الأصلي إلى الآية التاسعة والأربعين بعد المئتين، فصُحّحت.
1. A Fighter Among the Remnant | مقاتلٌ في القلة الباقية
Dawud was among the small remaining force that had passed the river test and stood ready to face Jalut and his army, not a separate figure introduced only at the moment of the killing. His role in ending the battle grew directly out of being counted among the few who had already proven themselves at the river.
كان داوود عليه السلام من القلة الباقية التي نجحت في امتحان النهر ووقفت مستعدة لملاقاة جالوت وجيشه، ولم يكن شخصيةً منفصلة عن الجيش لا تظهر في الخبر إلا عند قتل جالوت. فدوره في حسم المعركة ثمرةُ كونه من القلة الذين ثبتوا عند النهر من قبل. وقد بيّنا خبر ذلك الامتحان في جواب: ما امتحان النهر الذي ابتُلي به جنود طالوت؟ وبيّنا خبر جالوت وجيشه في جواب: مَن جالوت المذكور في القرآن الكريم؟
2. Victory Credited to Allah Before the Individual Act | نُسب النصر إلى الله قبل فعل داوود
The Ayah’s order matters: it states first that they, the whole remaining army, defeated Jalut’s forces by Allah’s permission, and only then mentions that Dawud killed Jalut specifically. Placing the collective victory before the individual act frames Dawud’s role within Allah’s support for the whole army, rather than as a lone hero’s feat separate from it.
للترتيب في الآية دلالته، فقد أخبر الله تعالى أولًا أنهم، أي الجيش الباقي كله، هزموا جيش جالوت بإذن الله، ثم ذكر بعد ذلك أن داوود قتل جالوت: (فَهَزَمُوهُم بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَقَتَلَ دَاوُودُ جَالُوتَ) (البقرة 2: 251). وفي تقديم النصر الجماعي على الفعل الفردي ما يجعل دور داوود عليه السلام جزءًا من نصر الله تعالى للجيش كله، لا بطولة فرد منفصلة عنه.
3. Kingship and Wisdom Followed, Not Preceded | المُلك والحكمة بعد النصر لا قبله
Allah’s gift of kingship, wisdom, and knowledge to Dawud is recorded immediately after this event, not before it. This sequencing connects directly to the special gifts Allah gave Dawud and to how Allah tested him in judging between people. Ibn Kathir explains that the kingship that had been in Saul’s hands passed to Dawud, and that wisdom here means prophethood, which came to him after Shamwil (Samuel).
ذكر الله تعالى ما آتى داوودَ من المُلك والحكمة والعلم عقب هذا الخبر مباشرةً، لا قبله: (وَآتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَعَلَّمَهُ مِمَّا يَشَاءُ) (البقرة 2: 251). ويتصل هذا الترتيب بما خصّ الله تعالى به داوود من الهبات، كما بيّنا في جواب: ما الهبات التي خصّ الله تعالى بها داوود عليه السلام؟ وبامتحانه في القضاء بين الناس، كما بيّنا في جواب: كيف امتحن الله تعالى داوود عليه السلام بقضية الخصمين؟ وبيّن ابن كثير أن المُلك الذي كان بيد طالوت صار إلى داوود، وأن الحكمة هنا النبوة، وقد أوتيها بعد شمويل.
4. Allah Repels Some People by Means of Others | دفعُ الله الناسَ بعضهم ببعض
The verse closes with a principle reaching well beyond this one battle: had Allah not repelled some people by means of others, corruption would have dominated the earth. Ibn Kathir explains that had Allah not defended one people by means of others, as He defended the Children of Israel through Saul’s fighting and Dawud’s courage, they would have perished, and he cites 22:40. Al-Sa’di adds that through those who fight in His cause Allah repels the scheming of the wicked and the onslaught of the disbelievers, who would otherwise take over the earth and corrupt it.
وختم الله تعالى الآية بقاعدة تتجاوز هذه المعركة: (وَلَوْلَا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُم بِبَعْضٍ لَّفَسَدَتِ الْأَرْضُ) (البقرة 2: 251). وبيّن ابن كثير أنه لولا أن الله يدفع عن قوم بآخرين، كما دفع عن بني إسرائيل بمقاتلة طالوت وشجاعة داوود، لهلكوا، واستشهد بآية سورة الحج (الحج 22: 40). وأضاف السعدي أن الله تعالى يدفع بمن يقاتل في سبيله كيد الفجار وتكالب الكفار، ولولا ذلك لاستولى الكفار على الأرض وأفسدوها.
Scholarly Insight: Ibn Kathir explicitly attributes this account of Jalut’s death to Israelite narratives (2:251): “They mention in the Israelite narratives that he killed him with a sling in his hand: he hurled a shot at him, which struck and killed him. Talut had promised that, if he killed Jalut, he would marry his daughter to him, share his prosperity with him, and give him a share in his authority; he fulfilled his promise.” See the identity of Jalut, Dawoud’s opponent. Read the fuller context in the tafsir of Surah Al-Baqarah.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
Who killed Goliath (Jalut)?
Dawud (David), peace be upon him, as recorded in Surah Al-Baqarah 2:251.
What did Allah give Dawud after this event?
Kingship, wisdom, and knowledge of what He willed.
Was the victory credited to Dawud alone?
No, the Ayah first credits the defeat of Jalut’s army to Allah’s permission for the whole remaining force, then mentions Dawud’s individual act.
What broader principle does the verse state at its close?
That had Allah not repelled some people by means of others, corruption would have dominated the earth.
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →