Which Women Are Men Forbidden to Marry in Islam?
من هن النساء التي يحرم على الرجل نكاحهن والمذكورات في هذه الآية ( حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ وَعَمَّاتُكُمْ وَخَالَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُ الْأَخِ وَبَنَاتُ الْأُخْتِ وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ اللَّاتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُم مِّنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللَّاتِي فِي حُجُورِكُم مِّن نِّسَائِكُمُ اللَّاتِي دَخَلْتُم بِهِنَّ فَإِن لَّمْ تَكُونُوا دَخَلْتُم بِهِنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَحَلَائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَابِكُمْ وَأَن تَجْمَعُوا بَيْنَ الْأُخْتَيْنِ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا ؟ ومن هن اللاتي لم يذكرن في هذه الآية ويحرم نكاحهن؟
Who are the women men are forbidden to marry?
In Islamic law, prohibitions for marriage fall into three primary categories: blood relations (Mahram by descent), nursing relations (Mahram by suckling), and marriage relations (Mahram by affinity). These categories ensure the preservation of family sanctity and clearly define who a person is forbidden to marry permanently or temporarily.
The Quran explicitly delineates those forbidden for marriage to protect the integrity of kinship, familial relationships, and societal morality.
What is the difference between permanent and temporary prohibition?
Permanent prohibition (like sisters or mothers) means marriage is never permissible under any circumstance. Temporary prohibition (like a sister in law) means marriage is forbidden only while a specific condition exists, such as being currently married to her sister.
Does nursing create the same marriage prohibitions as blood relations?
Yes. The Prophet Muhammad pbuh stated: "What is forbidden through blood relations is also forbidden through nursing" (Sahih al-Bukhari 2645). This covers mothers, sisters, aunts, and nieces established through suckling.
Can a man marry his stepdaughter?
A man can only marry his stepdaughter if he never consummated the marriage with her mother. If he did consummate the marriage with the mother, the stepdaughter becomes permanently forbidden to him, regardless of whether he later divorces the mother.
Categories of Forbidden Marriages
1. Forbidden by Blood (Nasab)
This includes seven types: Mothers and their ascendants, daughters and their descendants, sisters, paternal aunts, maternal aunts, nieces from brothers, and nieces from sisters.
2. Forbidden by Nursing (Rida')
The general rule is that what is forbidden through blood relations is also forbidden through nursing. This includes the wet nurse, the nursing sister, the daughter through nursing, and others who share the same nursing lineage.
3. Forbidden by Affinity (Musahara)
This category includes the stepmother, the mother in law, the stepdaughter (if the marriage with her mother was consummated), and the daughter in law. It also includes temporary prohibitions: the wife's sister, and combining a woman with her paternal or maternal aunt.
Prohibitions Beyond the Verse
Beyond those listed in the primary verse, other prohibitions include:
1. The father's wife and the wives of all male ascendants (grandfathers, great grandfathers), who are forbidden in the preceding verse (4:22).
2. A woman currently married to another man, until she completes her Iddah.
3. The simultaneous marriage of a woman and her paternal or maternal aunt.
Scholarly Insight: In Islamic Jurisprudence, the distinction is made between "permanent prohibition" (Tahrim Mu'abbad) and "temporary prohibition" (Tahrim Mu'aqqat). Blood relatives, nursing relatives, and most affinity relations are permanently forbidden; they can never be married. However, relations such as a sister in law (wife's sister) or the aunt of a current wife are temporarily forbidden. If the marriage to the primary wife ends due to divorce or death, the temporary prohibition is lifted, and marriage to the sister or aunt may become permissible.
من هن النساء اللاتي يحرم على الرجل نكاحهن؟
في الشريعة الإسلامية، تنقسم المحرمات من النساء إلى ثلاث فئات رئيسية: المحرمات بالنسب، والمحرمات بالرضاع، والمحرمات بالمصاهرة. تضمن هذه الفئات الحفاظ على قدسية الأسرة وتحدد بوضوح من يحرم على الشخص الزواج بهن تحريماً مؤبداً أو مؤقتاً.
يحدد القرآن صراحة المحرمات من النساء لحماية سلامة القرابة والعلاقات الأسرية والأخلاق المجتمعية.
أقسام المحرمات من النساء
1. المحرمات من النسب
وهن سبع: الأمهات وإن علون، والبنات وإن نزلن، والأخوات، والعمات، والخالات، وبنات الأخ، وبنات الأخت.
2. المحرمات من الرضاعة
القاعدة الشرعية: يحرم من الرضاع ما يحرم من النسب. وتشمل الأم من الرضاعة، والأخت من الرضاعة، والبنت من الرضاعة، والعمات والخالات من الرضاعة، وبنات الأخ والأخت من الرضاعة.
3. المحرمات من المصاهرة
تشمل زوجة الأب، وأم الزوجة، وبنت الزوجة (الربيبة) بشرط الدخول بالأم، وزوجة الابن، وأخت الزوجة (تحريم مؤقت)، والجمع بين المرأة وعمتها أو خالتها.
محرمات إضافية
ومن المحرمات غير المذكورات في الآية: زوجة الأب وإن علا (الأجداد)، والمرأة المتزوجة حتى تنقضي عدتها، والجمع بين المرأة وعمتها أو خالتها.
1. Permanent Prohibitions by Blood (Nasab) | المحرمات بالنسب في سورة النساء
Surah An-Nisa (4:23) specifies seven categories of female blood relations permanently barred from marriage: mothers (and grandmothers), daughters (and granddaughters), sisters, paternal aunts, maternal aunts, brother's daughters, and sister's daughters. These ties form an unbreachable sanctuary of pure filial love.
حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ وَعَمَّاتُكُمْ وَخَالَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُ الْأَخِ وَبَنَاتُ الْأُخْتِ (سورة النساء: 23)
حصر القرآن الكريم المحرمات بالنسب في سبعة أصناف لا يحل نكاحهن أبدا: {حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ وَعَمَّاتُكُمْ وَخَالَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُ الْأَخِ وَبَنَاتُ الْأُخْتِ}؛ لتظل هذه الروابط الأسرية الوثيقة قائمة على الإجلال والرحمة المجردة من المطامع الجنسية.
2. Permanent Prohibitions by Foster-Nursing (Rada'ah) | المحرمات بالرضاع وقاعدة "يحرم من الرضاع ما يحرم من النسب"
Breastfeeding creates genuine legal kinship in Islam. The Quran forbids foster-mothers and foster-sisters (4:23). Expanding upon this, the Prophet formulated the universal rule: "Whatever is forbidden through blood kinship is forbidden through nursing," making foster-aunts, foster-nieces, and foster-daughters permanently prohibited.
وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ اللَّاتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُم مِّنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ (سورة النساء: 23)
أنزل الإسلام الرضاع منزلة النسب في تحريم النكاح متى استوفى شروطه الشرعية (خمس رضعات مشبعات في الحولين عند الشافعية والحنابلة، ويحرم قليله وكثيره في الحولين عند الحنفية والمالكية)؛ فنص القرآن على: {وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ اللَّاتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُم مِّنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ}؛ وأرسى النبي ﷺ القاعدة الذهبية: "يحرم من الرضاع ما يحرم من النسب" (صحيح البخاري 2645).
3. Permanent Prohibitions by Marriage Affinity (Musa-harah) | المحرمات بالمصاهرة وصيانة حرمة الأصهار
Marriage creates permanent mahram boundaries across four affinity groups: mother-in-law (forbidden immediately upon contract), stepdaughters (if the marriage with their mother was consummated), daughter-in-law (wives of biological sons), and stepmothers (wives of fathers, banned in 4:22).
وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللَّاتِي فِي حُجُورِكُم مِّن نِّسَائِكُمُ اللَّاتِي دَخَلْتُم بِهِنَّ (سورة النساء: 23)
حرمت الشريعة نكاح أربعة أصناف بالمصاهرة تحريما أبديا: أم الزوجة وجداتها بمجرد العقد، والربيبة (بنت الزوجة) بشرط الدخول بأمها، وزوجة الابن الصلبي: {وَحَلَائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَابِكُمْ}، وزوجة الأب: {وَلَا تَنكِحُوا مَا نَكَحَ آبَاؤُكُم مِّنَ النِّسَاءِ}؛ حفظا لصفاء الأسرة وتماسكها.
4. Temporary Prohibitions and Authentic Prophetic Additions | المحرمات مؤقتاً والجمع الممنوع في السنة النبوية
Beyond permanent prohibitions, certain marriages are barred temporarily: combining two sisters simultaneously (4:23), or combining a woman with her paternal or maternal aunt based on explicit Sunnah (Sahih al-Bukhari 5109, Sahih Muslim 1408). Once the marriage with one ends through divorce or death, the prohibition lifts.
وَأَن تَجْمَعُوا بَيْنَ الْأُخْتَيْنِ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّـهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا (سورة النساء: 23)
هناك محرمات تحريما مؤقتا يزول بزوال سببه؛ ومن أهمها تحريم الجمع بين الأختين في عصمة واحدة بنص القرآن: {وَأَن تَجْمَعُوا بَيْنَ الْأُخْتَيْنِ}؛ وأضافت السنة النبوية المطهرة تحريم الجمع بين المرأة وعمتها، أو بين المرأة وخالتها؛ لمنع قطع أواصر الرحم والعداوة بين القريبات.
Scholarly Insight: The boundaries of prohibited marriages protect the closest family relationships, keeping them founded on respect and mercy rather than desire. Read more in the tafsir of Surah An-Nisa.
Frequently Asked Questions | الأسئلة الشائعة
What are the three categories of women permanently forbidden in marriage?
Blood relations (Nasab), foster-nursing relations (Rada'ah), and marital in-law relations (Musa-harah).
Does breastfeeding a child create unmarriageable boundaries in Islam?
Yes, the Prophet established that whatever is forbidden by blood kinship is likewise forbidden through nursing (Sahih al-Bukhari 2645).
When does a stepdaughter become permanently forbidden to a stepfather?
Only after the marriage with her mother has been consummated; if divorced before consummation, he may marry the daughter.
Can a man marry two sisters at the same time in Islam?
No, combining two sisters in marriage simultaneously is strictly prohibited by Surah An-Nisa (4:23).
Prepared by Eng. Ghada Homad, founder of IslamFAQ, researched and written in consultation with qualified scholars, reviewed by Professor Khaled Jassem Al-Houli, Associate Professor of Comparative Jurisprudence and Islamic Politics, Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies, University of Kuwait. Read more about the authors and this project →