Women whom men are forbidden to marry can be divided into several categories according to the forbidden reason:
Category 1: This category includes those whom one is forbidden to marry due to a blood relationship, and they are seven:
Mothers and their ascendants, regardless of how far up that relationship is.
Daughters and their descendants due to a relationship with a woman, regardless of how far down that relationship goes (a man’s daughter, granddaughter, etc.).
Sisters, paternal aunts, maternal aunts, and nieces from one’s brothers and one’s sisters.
Category 2: ‘mothers’ and ‘sisters’ by breastfeeding. The general rule is that breastfeeding makes forbidden what is forbidden through blood relations.
Those forbidden through breastfeeding are a mother who has been breastfed with the man, the sister through breastfeeding, (breastfeeding daughter, the girl whose wife has breastfed), aunts through breastfeeding, lactation aunts, breast-feeding nieces, nieces from lactation.
Category 3: Those forbidden to marry are women who are related to a man (by his current marriage).
The Stepmother, whether the man’s father has consummated the marriage or not.
His mother-in-law whether he has consummated his marriage to his wife or not.
The man’s step-daughter, (provided he consummates his marriage with his wife).
The daughter-in-law (son’s wife ) even if their marriage was not consummated. (this does not apply to one’s adopted son.
The sister-in-law (wife’s sister), while he is still married, but if the marriage is no longer valid, or the wife dies, then he can marry her sister.
Other than those mentioned in this verse:
1. A stepmother (Father’s wife) and the wife of the ascendents of the father, whether it is a paternal or maternal grandfather (a grandfather/great grandfather, father of a great grandfather… etc.)
2. A married woman until her husband parts with her through a divorce or death, until her iddah ends.
3. Being married to a woman and concurrently marrying that woman’s maternal or paternal aunt.
All those that have been previously mentioned are a permanent prohibition, except for the wife’s sister, maternal and paternal aunt, which is a temporary forbiddance.
(˹Also˺ forbidden to you for marriage are your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your paternal and maternal aunts, your brother’s daughters, your sister’s daughters, your foster mothers, your foster-sisters, your mothers-in-law, your stepdaughters under your guardianship if you have consummated the marriage with their mothers—but if you have not, then you can marry them—nor the wives of your sons, nor two sisters together at the same time—except what was done previously. Surely Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.) An-Nisa 4:23
القسم الأول: ما يحرم نكاحهن بسبب النسب، وهن سبع:الأمهات وإن علو، البنات وإن نزلوا، الأخوات، العمات،
الخالات، بنات الأخ، بنات الأخت.
وهؤلاء المحرمات من الرضاعة هن: الأم من الرضاعة، الأخت من الرضاعة، البنت من الرضاعة (وهي من أرضعتها زوجته التي ثاب لبنها منه)، عمات من الرضاعة، الخالات من الرضاعة، بنات الأخ من الرضاعة، بنات الأخت من الرضاعة
امرأة الولد من الصلب وليس الابن المتبنى، سواء دخل بها أو لم يدخل.أخت امرأته التي لا تزال زوجة لها فإن فارق الزوجة أو ماتت جاز له أن ينكح أختها.ومن غير المذكورات في هذه الآية:
- زوجة الأب وإن علا سواء كان الجد لأب أو لأم. (الجد/ وأب الجد/ وأب أب الجد…إلخ)
- المرأة المتزوجة حتى يفارقها زوجها بطلاق أو موت وتنقضي عدتها.
- الجمع بين المرأة وعمتها والمرأة وخالتها.
وكل ما ذكر من النكاح فهو تحريم على التأبيد باستثناء أخت الزوجة وعمتها وخالتها فهو تحريم على التأقيت.
( حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ وَعَمَّاتُكُمْ وَخَالَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُ الْأَخِ وَبَنَاتُ الْأُخْتِ وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ اللَّاتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُم مِّنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللَّاتِي فِي حُجُورِكُم مِّن نِّسَائِكُمُ اللَّاتِي دَخَلْتُم بِهِنَّ فَإِن لَّمْ تَكُونُوا دَخَلْتُم بِهِنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَحَلَائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَابِكُمْ وَأَن تَجْمَعُوا بَيْنَ الْأُخْتَيْنِ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا ﴿٢٣﴾) النساء 4: 23